CN111100444A - 一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111100444A
CN111100444A CN201811254531.8A CN201811254531A CN111100444A CN 111100444 A CN111100444 A CN 111100444A CN 201811254531 A CN201811254531 A CN 201811254531A CN 111100444 A CN111100444 A CN 111100444A
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邬素华
张璟晨
田赛华
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法，所述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料按重量份数由以下原料组成：聚醚多元醇100份；发泡剂36～46份；催化剂1.4份；匀泡剂2～3份；固化剂0.5～1份；反应性含氮聚醚0～20wt％；添加型阻燃剂0～20wt％；异氰酸酯比为1.4～1.5。其中反应型聚醚为一种含三聚氰胺基、双氰胺、苯代三聚氰胺基的含氮阻燃剂。添加型阻燃剂为多聚磷酸铵(APP)和膨胀型石墨(EG)。本发明通过在阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料中复配使用反应型聚醚和添加型阻燃剂，利用反应型含氮聚醚的羟基与异氰酸根发生化学反应形成氨基甲酸酯基团，实现了将阻燃元素N以共价键形式引入到聚氨酯分子结构中，再复配少量添加型阻燃剂，在减少添加型阻燃剂用量的基础上既保持了良好的阻燃性能，又防止了对阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料力学性能的损害。

Description

一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，具体涉及一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫塑料是一种多孔性聚氨酯材料，因其闭孔结构，质轻，比强度大，绝热优异，被广泛应用于隔热保温、冷藏绝冷、建筑保温隔热等领域。然而由于其结构主要由碳氢链段构成，泡孔多，因此极易燃烧，极限氧指数仅为18％；并且在燃烧过程中释放大量黑烟，为消防安全带来极大隐患。因此提高PUF材料的阻燃性能势在必行。传统的阻燃改性主要依赖添加型阻燃剂提高聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能，但由于加入量大，对其力学性能产生了不良影响。
目前该领域的研究方向主要是开发反应性阻燃剂来代替部分添加型阻燃剂，既能达到既定的阻燃效果，又可以减小对其机械性能的不良影响。反应型阻燃剂是利用化学键将阻燃元素(氮、磷、卤素等)引入到聚氨酯分子链中，实现结构阻燃。但是反应型阻燃剂制造成本高，工艺流程复杂、不易控制，且阻燃效果和加入量有限。因此，探索简便易控的反应型阻燃剂以获得阻燃性能及力学性能更好的聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足，公开一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料，即利用反应型含氮聚醚替代部分添加型阻燃剂，在阻燃效果不减弱的同时，减小添加型技术带来的不足。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料按照重量分数由以下原料组成：
Figure BSA0000172633800000011
优选地，所述反应性含氮聚醚为N-RFPMPO。其反应方程式为：
Figure BSA0000172633800000021
优选地，所述添加型阻燃剂为多聚磷酸铵(APP)和膨胀型石墨(EG)。
优选地，所述发泡剂为物理性发泡剂。
优选地，所述催化剂为胺类和锡类混合催化剂。
优选地，所述固化剂为乙二醇。
优选地，所述匀泡剂二甲基硅油。
优选地，所述聚醚多元醇为聚醚多元醇4110，其羟值为460±10mgKOH/g，25℃时粘度为6500±1000mPa.s。
优选地，所述异氰酸酯为聚合MDI(PAPI)，型号为PM200，25℃粘度为150～250mPa.s，-NCO质量百分数含量为30.5％～32％。
上述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其主要步骤为：
(1)将聚醚多元醇，催化剂，发泡剂，固化剂，匀泡剂，反应型含氮聚醚，添加型阻燃剂混合均匀，得到混合料A料；
(2)准备好异氰酸酯料，记为B料；
(3)将B料倒入A料中，快速手动搅拌10～12s，倒入模具中发泡，室温下冷却后放入70～80℃的烘箱中熟化12h，脱模，最终制得本发明专利的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
通过改变反应型阻燃剂和添加型阻燃剂配比，可以制得一系列不同阻燃效果的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明采用反应型含氮聚醚与添加型阻燃剂复配，在不减弱阻燃效果的前提下，得到力学性能良好的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。在下面各实施例中，所述聚醚多元醇为YD-4110；所述异氰酸酯为PM200型聚合MDI(PAPI)；除非特别说明，实施例中所涉及的材料、方法均为本领域常用的材料和方法。
实例1
一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方为：将聚醚多元醇100份，发泡剂36份，催化剂1.4份，固化剂0.8份，匀泡剂2.3份，反应型聚醚15wt％混合后搅拌均匀得到混合料A。称取异氰酸酯140份为B料。将AB料混合均匀，物料发白膨胀时倒入模具中自由发泡，固化后在70～80℃下熟化12h，脱模即得阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料。其极限氧指数为19.7％。(GB/T 2406.1-2008)
实例2
一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方为：将聚醚多元醇100份，发泡剂36份，催化剂1.4份，固化剂0.8份，匀泡剂2.3份，反应型聚醚20wt％混合后搅拌均匀得到混合料A。称取异氰酸酯150份为B料。将AB料混合均匀，物料发白膨胀时倒入模具中自由发泡，固化后在70～80℃下熟化12h，脱模即得阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料。其极限氧指数为20.5％。(GB/T 2406.1-2008)
实例3
一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方为：将聚醚多元醇100份，发泡剂36份，催化剂1.4份，固化剂0.8份，匀泡剂2.3份，反应型聚醚20wt％，添加型阻燃剂10wt％混合后搅拌均匀得到混合料A。称取异氰酸酯140份为B料。将AB料混合均匀，物料发白膨胀时倒入模具中自由发泡，固化后在70～80℃下熟化12h，脱模即得阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料。其极限氧指数为27％。(GB/T 2406.1-2008)
实例4
一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方为：将聚醚多元醇100份，发泡剂36份，催化剂1.4份，固化剂0.8份，匀泡剂2.3份，反应型聚醚20wt％，添加型阻燃剂15wt％混合后搅拌均匀得到混合料A。称取异氰酸酯140份为B料。将AB料混合均匀，物料发白膨胀时倒入模具中自由发泡，固化后在70～80℃下熟化12h，脱模即得阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料。其极限氧指数为29％。(GB/T 2406.1-2008)
实例5
一种阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方为：将聚醚多元醇100份，发泡剂36份，催化剂1.4份，固化剂0.8份，匀泡剂2.3份，反应型聚醚20wt％，添加型阻燃剂20wt％混合后搅拌均匀得到混合料A。称取异氰酸酯150份为B料。将AB料混合均匀，物料发白膨胀时倒入模具中自由发泡，固化后在70～80℃下熟化12h，脱模即得阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料。其极限氧指数为33％。(GB/T 2406.1-2008)
表1为阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料性能测试结果：
项目 测试方法 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5
极限氧指数(％) GB/T2406.1-2008 19.7 20.5 27 29 33
冲击强度(kJ/m<sup>2</sup>) GB/T13525-92 0.65 0.73 0.78 0.83 0.86
压缩强度(MPa) GB/T8813-2008 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.28 0.24
表观密度(kg/mm<sup>3</sup>) GB/T6343-2009 45 49 52 52 54

Claims (10)

1.阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料，其特征在于，复合阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料按照重量分数由以下原料组成：
Figure FSA0000172633790000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料，其特征在于，所述反应型含氮聚醚为含氮阻燃聚醚多元醇N-RFPMPO，酸值＜0.5％，η＝6000-10000mPa·s，羟值＝20～25mgKOH/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料，其特征在于，所述添加型阻燃剂为多聚磷酸铵(APP)和膨胀型石墨(EG)，其中APP聚合度n＞1000。
4.根据权利要求1所述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为物理发泡剂HCH-141b。
5.根据权利要求1所述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料，其特征在于，所述催化剂为胺类和锡类混合催化剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料，其特征在于，所述固化剂为乙二醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇为聚醚4110，羟值为450±15mgKOH/g，25℃时粘度为6500±1000mPa.s。
8.根据权利要求1所述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料，其特征在于，所述异氰酸酯为聚合MDI(PAPI)，型号为PM200，25℃粘度为150～250mPa.s，-NCO质量百分数含量为30.5％～32％。
9.权利要求1至8中任意一项权利要求所述聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于，将复合阻燃剂与聚醚多元醇、异氰酸酯、发泡剂、催化剂等所有原料采用一步法发泡工艺成型。
10.根据权利要求9所述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料为将复合阻燃剂与其它制备聚氨酯泡沫所需原料经手动搅拌箱式发泡的方式，后在70～80℃下熟化12h后制得产品。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116444976A (zh) * 2023-05-22 2023-07-18 沭阳亿彩泡塑有限公司 一种聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法和应用
WO2024093849A1 (zh) * 2022-11-02 2024-05-10 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 一种阻燃剂及其制备方法和硬质聚氨酯泡沫

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024093849A1 (zh) * 2022-11-02 2024-05-10 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 一种阻燃剂及其制备方法和硬质聚氨酯泡沫
CN116444976A (zh) * 2023-05-22 2023-07-18 沭阳亿彩泡塑有限公司 一种聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法和应用

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