CN111096201A

CN111096201A - Full-ecological planting technology for Yangshan bletilla striata

Info

Publication number: CN111096201A
Application number: CN201911152868.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张华通; 叶伟军; 黄剑雄
Original assignee: Yangshan County Sanlianyang Ecological Agriculture And Forestry Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yangshan County Sanlianyang Ecological Agriculture And Forestry Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-22
Filing date: 2019-11-22
Publication date: 2020-05-05

Abstract

The invention relates to a bletilla striata planting technology, in particular to a full-ecological planting technology of Yangshan bletilla striata, which comprises the following steps: s1 selecting land; s2 seedling selection; s3 land preparation, weeding and fertilization; s4, planting seedlings; s5 drainage and irrigation technique; s6 fertilization technology; s7 loosening soil, weeding and earthing up; s8 pest control and S9 harvesting and processing, the invention is beneficial to the accumulation of effective components of bletilla striata, is a proper living area of bletilla striata, the quality of the produced bletilla striata is superior to that of Yunnan Pu' er and Guizhou Zunyi reference products in the aspects of detecting indexes such as density, hardness, colloid content and the like of products for multiple times, and the bletilla striata is a high-quality medicinal material; the whole process adopts full ecological planting, and no chemical fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer are applied; no pesticide, no crop growth promoter and no swelling agent are applied; the finished product is small in size, hard, high in dry product density and not easy to break, the cross section of the finished product is in a semitransparent cutin shape, and scattered vascular beam spots are arranged; light smell, light and slightly bitter taste, and sticky liquid.

Description

Full-ecological planting technology for Yangshan bletilla striata

Technical Field

The invention relates to a bletilla striata planting technology, in particular to a full-ecological planting technology of Yangshan bletilla striata.

Background

Most of common bletilla tuber suitable areas in China adopt a manual facility cultivation method, namely measures such as manually covering mulching films, building shady sheds and the like, so that the yield is improved, but the quality can not achieve the medicinal effect strictly. The open field cultivation, the artificial facility cultivation method and the part of under-forest wild-like planting basically use chemical fertilizers, pesticides, even herbicides and the like. The above methods are all for improving the yield, and have a certain difference with the quality of the real wild rhizoma bletillae.

The bletilla striata full-ecological planting refers to a wild-simulated planting mode for locally improving and optimizing the population living ecological environment by selecting regions (plots) which accord with growth habits of the bletilla striata in all natural and original forest zones, artificially enlarging the individual number of bletilla striata populations, and assisting with appropriate artificial intervention (adopting a series of pure artificial measures such as local native high-quality seedling planting, appropriate artificial land preparation weeding, application of in-situ forest zone humus organic fertilizer, artificial pest capturing, artificial drainage and the like).

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a full-ecological planting technology for Yangshan bletilla striata, which integrates various planting modes and planting technologies of the existing bletilla striata industry, executes SOP standard planting according to the biological characteristics and growth habits of the bletilla striata, and self-creates a set of under-forest planting modes: and (4) performing under-forest all-ecological planting, and groping and summarizing a set of under-forest all-ecological planting technology for bletilla striata. The product quality is superior to other planting methods.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

all-ecological planting and cultivating soil, water quality and surrounding environment condition requirements

1. The environment of the cultivation and growth place and the surrounding environment require: the environment of the cultivation and growth area and the surrounding environment must have no pollution source, fresh air and no pollution.

2. The soil requirement of the cultivation and growth land is as follows: no pollution, rich humus, rich fertilizer and good drainage.

3. The requirements of water for cultivation and growth irrigation are as follows: no pollution, clean, weak acid, natural water, pit water.

4. The illumination requirement of the cultivation and growth area is as follows: the planting and growing land is open and transparent. The forest stand has a canopy density of 20-40%, or mountains and mountains are in an open area (plot).

5. The humidity requirement of the cultivation and growth area is as follows: 50-90%, and often have cloud and rain.

6. The temperature requirement of the cultivation and growth place is as follows: and (4) the temperature is-3 to 32 ℃, and ice and snow occasionally exist in winter.

7. The hills slope requirement of the cultivation and growth place: 5 to 30.

Technical process of full-ecological planting, cultivation and management technology

1. Selecting land: heaping peaks of Chongshan mountains and hills between elevation 900 m and 1150 m; the canopy density of the forest stand is 20-40%, the forest zone is regenerated, and the bamboo forest is optimal; the annual average temperature is 19.5 ℃, and the annual temperature ranges from-2 ℃ to 32 ℃; the annual rainfall is more than 1800mm, the annual humidity is 55-85%, and cloud and rainwater are frequent; the hills have a slope of 5 to 30. Or mountains are open; the environment and the water quality are not polluted; the soil is sandy, rich in humus, fertile and good in drainage.

2. Seedling selection: the Guangdong pure-breed excellent rhizoma bletillae 'Guangdong north rhizoma bletillae No. 1' variety bred by Yangshan county Sanlianyang ecological agriculture and forestry development limited company adopts a whole set of seedling cultivation production technology created by the inventor-Yangshan rhizoma bletillae single culture medium formula sterile seeding seedling production process flow and Yangshan rhizoma bletillae field planting seedling cultivation one-time seedling technology to produce high-quality seedlings.

3. Land preparation, weeding and fertilization: the sandy loam plot which is rich in humus and has good drainage under bamboo forests or among rocks is selected to be the best in the region (plot) meeting the growth habit conditions of the rhizoma bletillae. 10 days before planting, combining soil preparation and loosening, weeding and applying enough organic fertilizer of the humus plants in the forest land in situ as base fertilizer (no fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer is applied).

4. And (3) seedling planting: 3-5 months (green seedlings) or 11-12 months (false bulbs) per year are taken as the seedling planting time, the hole digging and planting are carried out according to the planting density of 40cm multiplied by 40cm row spacing, 2-3 plants (bletilla striata has a mass growth phenomenon) are planted in each hole, the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of the hole is 10cm multiplied by 10cm, and the bottom of the hole is placed into the in-situ forest land humus planting organic fertilizer. After the seedlings are planted, planting holes are paved, and a layer of dry branches and fallen leaves are paved around the seedlings.

5. Drainage and irrigation technique

The seedling planting land is 5-15 in whole. So as to facilitate drainage and prevent water accumulation. And (4) regular inspection, wherein drainage measures are required to be taken for timely drainage when accumulated water is found, and water spraying and irrigation are required to be performed in time when drought water shortage is found and the life of the plant is threatened.

6. The fertilizer application technology comprises the following steps: the harvest period of the base and finished products of bletilla striata of the company is 6 years, soil preparation and weeding can be combined every year according to actual conditions and growth and development conditions of seedlings, and the application of the in-situ forest field rotten vegetation organic fertilizer is carried out for 1-2 times, generally carried out in 2-3 months or 10-11 months, so that sufficient nutrient supply is maintained.

7. Loosening soil, weeding and ridging: before fertilization, loosening soil and weeding are carried out at the position with the radius of about 30cm around the growth of the plants, and hilling is carried out for 1 time at the later stage of annual vegetative growth so as to prevent the plants from lodging. The whole process of artificial weeding without herbicide.

8. Controlling plant diseases and insect pests: and (4) regularly checking, and taking measures such as manually catching pests in time when the generation of plant diseases and insect pests is found, the growth of plants is seriously influenced, and even the life of the plants is threatened. No pesticide, no crop growth promoter and no swelling agent are applied.

9. Harvesting and processing

When the rhizoma bletillae grows to a certain degree and the medicine parts or organs meet the medicinal requirements (6 years of base planting), corresponding technical measures are adopted, and the rhizoma bletillae is harvested in the process of digging and transporting the rhizoma bletillae from the field. The part to be used as the medicine is processed and dried to be called as the medicinal material. The quality and the yield of the rhizoma bletillae have a great relationship with reasonable harvesting, and the quality of the rhizoma bletillae directly influences the clinical curative effect of the traditional Chinese medicine. In order to obtain high quality and high yield, a reasonable harvesting period is determined according to the growth condition of the bletilla striata and the content change of the active ingredients. The harvesting time and the processing method have great influence on the yield and the quality of the bletilla striata, or the processing treatment is carried out before harvesting, which is directly related to the content or the variation of the effective components. The harvesting time comprises two aspects of the harvesting age and the harvesting period.

(1) Climate environment: the bletilla striata is planted in different environments, and the harvesting years are different due to the difference of climate or altitude of planting fields.

(2) Harvesting the traditional Chinese medicine rhizoma bletillae 5-6 years after planting, and the like, so that harvesting is carried out timely according to the planting area, environment and growth and development conditions of the rhizoma bletillae.

(3) The method for scientifically determining the harvesting period is to guide the harvesting of the traditional Chinese medicine bletilla striata according to the content or the total amount of active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine bletilla striata at different growth and development stages. The method is reasonable, and the bletilla striata is planted in the field until the fifth year finishes the growth cycle and enters the dormancy stage. After autumn, the stems and leaves of the overground part are yellow and withered or no new leaves grow, the underground part grows fully, the content of nutrient substances is high, the quality of the medicinal materials is good, and the underground part is dug when the yield is high. Otherwise, the Chinese medicinal materials are too crowded and grow badly to influence the quality of the medicinal materials, and the Chinese medicinal materials are the material basis for preventing and treating diseases, so that the content of the active ingredients of the Chinese medicinal materials is high, and the yield of the Chinese medicinal materials is maximized.

(4) Harvesting: and (4) digging when the overground part of stems wither for 9-12 months, and digging by using a hoe or a special tool on a sunny day. During excavation, attention is paid to that pseudobulb of rhizoma bletillae is kept complete, the pseudobulb is not broken and is not damaged, residual stems and dead leaves on the ground are firstly removed, a hoe is used for flatly shoveling the pseudobulb from the lower surface of the pseudobulb, the pseudobulb is dug together with soil, soil is shaken off, fibrous roots are not picked, the pseudobulb with old stems is picked and reserved firstly and is used as a seed stem, the stem stems are cut off, part of pseudobulb with the length of more than 3 years is reserved to be separately packed with 1 year old pseudobulb with the length of 2 years old pseudobulb and without seed reservation, the pseudobulb is placed into a bamboo basket, and the pseudobulb.

(5) Processing: sorting the transported pseudobulb (tuber) of the bletilla striata, splitting into single tubers, removing tubers with plant diseases and insect pests, removing fibrous roots, soaking in clean domestic water, cleaning rough skins and soil, adopting an artificial heating drying method according to the temperature of south weather, putting the bletilla striata into a dryer (low-temperature dehumidifying) for 48 hours, taking out and putting into a collision cage, colliding the rough skins and the fibrous roots, then putting into the dryer for low-temperature drying for 144 hours, and bagging and warehousing after the moisture detection is below 7%.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention is beneficial to the accumulation of effective components of the bletilla striata medicament, is a proper living area of the bletilla striata, has superior quality, is superior to Yunnan Pu' er tea and Guizhou Zunyi reference substances in terms of the indexes such as density, hardness, colloid content and the like of a plurality of detections, and is a high-quality medicinal material; the whole process adopts full ecological planting, and no chemical fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer are applied; no pesticide, no crop growth promoter and no swelling agent are applied; no herbicide was used.

The finished product is small in size, hard, high in dry product density and not easy to break, the cross section of the finished product is in a semitransparent cutin shape, and scattered vascular beam spots are arranged; light smell, light and slightly bitter taste, and mucous; the rhizome is fat, white, bright and solid; the dried tubers are slightly flat and palm-shaped, have 2-3 branches, are 1-4.5 cm long and are about 0.5 cm thick; the surface is yellowish white, has fine wrinkles, has a raised stem mark on the upper surface, has a trace connecting another tuber on the lower surface, takes the stem mark as the center, has a tan concentric ring line around the stem mark, has a fine root residual mark on the stem mark, and has superior quality.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the mass fraction of the effective component content in bletilla striata and the altitude.

Detailed Description

The following is further described in conjunction with the detailed description:

7. The hills slope requirement of the cultivation and growth place: 5 to 30 DEG

1. Selecting land: heaping peaks of Chongshan mountains and hills between elevation 900 m and 1150 m; the canopy density of the forest stand is 20-40%, the forest zone is regenerated, and the bamboo forest is optimal; the annual average temperature is 19.5 ℃, and the annual temperature ranges from-2 ℃ to 32 ℃; the annual rainfall is more than 1800mm, the annual humidity is 55-85%, and cloud and rainwater are frequent; the slope of the mountains is 5-30 degrees, or the mountains are open in the east; the environment and the water quality are not polluted; the soil is sandy, rich in humus, fertile and good in drainage.

5. Drainage and irrigation technique

The seedling planting land is integrated into a slope of 5-15 degrees, so that drainage is facilitated, and water accumulation is prevented. And (4) regular inspection, wherein drainage measures are required to be taken for timely drainage when accumulated water is found, and water spraying and irrigation are required to be performed in time when drought water shortage is found and the life of the plant is threatened.

9. Harvesting and processing

Yangshan county Sanlianyang ecological agriculture and forestry development Limited company and commodity quality research data

1. The mass fractions of 9 chemical components in bletilla striata with different altitudes

TABLE 1 weight fractions of 9 chemical components in bletilla striata of different altitudes

Note: "-" is below the limit of detection.

The method comprises the steps of determining 4 hydroxyphenyl glucoside (1),4- (glucosyloxy) -glucosyloxybenzyl cinnamate (2),1, 4-bis (4- (glucosyloxy) benzyl ] -2-isobutyl malate-2-glucose (3),1, 4-bis [4- (glucosyloxy) benzyl ] -2-isobutyl malate (4), dihydrophenanthrene 5(5),1, 4-bis (4- (glucosyloxy) benzyl ] -2-isobutyl malate-2- (4-0-cinnamoyl) glucoside (6), dihydrophenanthrene 1(7), benzyldihydrophenanthrene 3(8),1, 4-bis (glucosyloxy) benzyl ] 2-isobutylmalate (2- (4-0-cinnamoyl-6-0-acetyl) glucol in bletilla striata medicinal materials at different altitudes by using UPLC The correlation of the content of glycoside (9) and altitude was analyzed by SPSS17.0 statistical software for 9 index components. The results are shown in figure 1, wherein the difference between the different altitudes and the total amount of the effective components is large. At 779-1337m, the total amount of active ingredients is higher and shows an increasing trend with the rise of altitude. The content of effective components in rhizoma Bletillae is closely related to the height, and the medicinal material is recommended to be cultivated at 800-1300 m. The altitude of the imitated wild planting base is strictly controlled between 850m and 1100 m.

The content of the effective components of the rhizoma bletillae is comprehensively influenced by the variety characteristics, environmental factors, cultivation conditions, technology and other factors, the altitude influence on the growth of the plants is also manifold, and the growth, the shape and the development of the plants can be influenced. Research shows that vertical differences are formed along with elevation, change of landform and landform, difference of soil fertility, reduction of air temperature, enhancement of wind power, increase of rainfall, reduction of air pressure, enhancement of sunshine, reduction of carbon dioxide content and the like. The altitude is increased, the atmospheric temperature is reduced, the fog weather is relatively increased, the solar radiation is enhanced, and the content of effective components is changed. The content of effective components of the bletilla striata is lower at the low altitude of 400-690m, and the bletilla striata is a negative-loving plant and probably related to more sufficient illumination and less rainfall. And above the altitude of 1337m, the content of rhizoma bletillae is lower, which is related to the cold climate and low accumulated temperature of mountains. The prompt is 800-1300m, which is a proper cultivation area for rhizoma bletillae. However, due to the ineligibility and uncertainty of ecological factors, the accumulation rules of the ecological factors and the effective components should be actively explored, and the response process and the physiological regulation and control mechanism formed by the ecological factors and the effective components of the bletilla striata are deeply researched by people, so that the scientific planting of the bletilla striata medicinal materials is finally realized.

TABLE 2 Effect of different harvest age on bletilla striata polysaccharide

Note: content of bletilla polysaccharide: measured as anhydrous glucose.

TABLE 3 rhizoma Bletillae gum contents at different growth years and in vigorous growth stage

According to field observation and analysis, ① stems of original bletilla striata blocks planted in the current year are rotten and lose viability even if the stems are not rotten, the capacity of generating new buds on the tubers is weakened, ② correspondingly increases the density of the new plants along with the increase of time, part of seedling vigor is obviously weakened, the improvement of the overall yield is influenced, ③ small individual bletilla striata relatively increases along with the increase of growth years, ④ has large temperature difference in the morning and evening and sufficient moisture due to the fact that the bases are located in high and cold areas in North Guangdong, frost and snow exist every year, the probability of insect pest occurrence is low, ⑤ five or six years of tubers are solid, but small individuals and high in colloid and polysaccharide content, and the bletilla striata 5-6 healthy growth can be promoted due to the fact that the bletilla striata high-quality product is obtained through medicinal angle, ⑥ forest planting is imitated, and is free of chemical fertilizer, useless organic fertilizer, herbicide and expanding agent, and only plant ash is used for planting, the pollution of viruses and insect pests is avoided, and the bletilla striata 5-6 year yield is ideal from the perspective of medicinal plants.

TABLE 4 Density comparison of my imitated wild bletilla striata with Guizhou and Yunnan bletilla striata

The foregoing embodiments and description have been presented only to illustrate the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

Claims

1. The full-ecological planting technology of Yangshan bletilla striata is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:

s1 selecting the land: ridges or peaks at elevations between 900 and 1150 meters; the canopy density of the forest stand is 20-40%, the annual average temperature is 19.5 ℃, and the annual temperature range is-2-32 ℃; the annual rainfall is more than 1800mm, the annual humidity is 55-85%, and cloud and rainwater are frequent; the slope of the mountains is 5-30; the environment and the water quality are not polluted; the soil is sandy, rich in humus, fertile and good in drainage;

s2 seedling selection: selecting a variety of 'Yuebei rhizoma bletillae No. 1';

s3 soil preparation, weeding and fertilization: selecting areas meeting the growth habit conditions of the rhizoma bletillae, and 10 days before cultivation and planting, combining soil preparation and loosening, weeding and applying sufficient organic fertilizer for the humus of in-situ forest land as base fertilizer.

S4 seedling planting: 3-5 months or 11-12 months per year is taken as the time for field planting of the seedlings, 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole according to the planting density of 40cm multiplied by 40cm row spacing, the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of the hole is 10cm multiplied by 10cm, and the rotten implant organic fertilizer in the in-situ forest land is placed at the bottom of the hole; after the seedlings are planted, laying planting holes and laying a layer of dry branches and fallen leaves around the seedlings;

s5 drainage and irrigation technology: the seedling planting land is integrated into a slope of 5-15 degrees, regular inspection is carried out, drainage measures are taken for timely drainage when water accumulation is found, and water sprinkling and irrigation are carried out in time when drought water shortage is found and plant life is threatened;

s6 fertilization technology: the harvest period of the finished rhizoma bletillae is 6 years, soil preparation and weeding are combined every year, and the application of the in-situ forest ground humus organic fertilizer is carried out for 1-2 times, generally in 2-3 months or 10-11 months;

s7 soil loosening, weeding and ridging: before fertilization, loosening soil and weeding at the position with the radius of about 30cm around the growth of the plants, and hilling for 1 time at the later stage of annual vegetative growth;

s8 pest control: regular inspection is carried out, and measures such as manually catching pests are taken in time when the generation of plant diseases and insect pests is found;

and S9 harvesting and processing: when the rhizoma bletillae grows to a certain degree and the parts or organs to be treated meet the requirement of medicine, the rhizoma bletillae is collected, dug and transported back from the field.

2. The technique for planting Yangshan bletilla striata in a full ecological way according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S1, a forest regeneration zone or a bamboo forest is preferred.

3. The technique for planting Yangshan bletilla striata in a full ecological way according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S3, a sandy loam plot which is rich in humus and has good drainage under bamboo forests or among rocks is preferred.

4. The technique for planting Yangshan bletilla striata in a full ecological way according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S9, the harvesting years are different due to different environments for planting rhizoma bletillae and differences in the climate or altitude of the planting area.

5. The technique for planting Yangshan bletilla striata in a full ecological way according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S9, harvesting the traditional Chinese medicine rhizoma bletillae 5-6 years after planting, and harvesting timely according to the planting area, environment and growth and development conditions of the rhizoma bletillae.

6. The technique for planting Yangshan bletilla striata in a full ecological way according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S9, part of stems and leaves on the ground are yellow and withered or no new leaves grow after autumn for 8-12 months, and the part below the ground grows fully, has high nutrient content, and is harvested and dug when the quality of medicinal materials is good and the yield is high.

7. The technique for planting Yangshan bletilla striata in a full ecological way according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S9, the harvesting method comprises the following steps: digging when the overground part of stems wither, selecting a fine day, and digging by using a hoe or a special tool, wherein the digging is to pay attention to the fact that the bletilla pseudobulb is kept complete, and is not broken or damaged; removing residual stems and dead leaves on the ground, using a hoe to shovel the tubers together with soil from the lower parts of the tubers, shaking off soil without picking fibrous roots, picking off the tubers with old stalks as seed stalks, cutting off the stalks, reserving parts of the tubers with the age of more than 3 years and the tubers with the age of 2 years and the tubers with the age of 1 year to be separately packed, putting the tubers into a basket, and transporting the tubers back to primary processing.

8. The technique for planting Yangshan bletilla striata in a full ecological way according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S9, the processing method: sorting the transported pseudobulb of bletilla striata, splitting into single pseudobulb, removing the tuber of plant diseases and insect pests, removing fibrous roots, soaking in clean domestic water, cleaning coarse skin and soil, adopting an artificial heating drying method, putting the bletilla striata into a dryer, dehumidifying for 48 hours at low temperature, taking out, putting into a collision cage, colliding the coarse skin and the fibrous roots, then putting into the dryer, drying for 144 hours at low temperature, and bagging and warehousing after the moisture detection is below 7%.