CN111084286A - Enriched ration and method for producing pork rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6/n-3 PUFA - Google Patents
Enriched ration and method for producing pork rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6/n-3 PUFA Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses an oiled daily ration and a method for producing pork which is rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6/n-3 PUFA. The oil-added daily ration is obtained by adding 0.70-2.85 wt% of linseed oil and 0.15-2.30 wt% of soybean oil into common daily ration; in the oil-added daily ration, the content of crude fiber is 11.5-12.9%, the content of crude protein is 10.86-12.58%, PUFA accounts for 51.77-52.71% of the total fatty acid, and n-3PUFA accounts for 6.15-13.58% of the total fatty acid by mass; the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 2.87-7.56. Aiming at the characteristic of maladjustment of the proportion of fatty acid in pork, the invention designs the daily ration of linseed oil and soybean oil with high crude fiber content, low crude protein content and different proportions to produce the high-quality pork of the black-capped pig which is rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA by fully utilizing the coarse feeding resistance characteristic of the black-capped pig in Shandong Zaozhuang according to the principles and technologies of animal nutrition and animal physiology, and has important significance for improving the industrial value of the black-capped pig and improving the human diet health.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oiled daily ration and a method for producing pork rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6/n-3 PUFA, belonging to the field of animal nutrition and feed science.
Background
The intake amount of PUFA and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA are closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, tumors and diabetes, and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA is less than 4: 1 is beneficial to human health, but at present, the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in human diets is high, even up to 10: 1-30: 1. pork is the most important animal protein source for consumers in China, and the quality and the safety of the pork are closely related to the health of human beings. The pork is high in Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), relatively deficient in PUFA, particularly low in n-3PUFA content, and high in n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, and generally ranges from 14 to 28. Therefore, how to regulate fatty acid composition in pork has become one of the hot spots of animal husbandry research.
Breed and nutrition are the main methods for regulating fatty acid composition in pork. In the breed, compared with foreign pigs, local breed pigs in China have the characteristic of coarse feeding resistance, have certain difference in fatty acid composition, and have certain advantages in flavor and nutritional composition. The daily ration of the live pigs is mostly corn and soybean meal type daily ration, and the feed formula and the nutritional composition directly influence the fatty acid composition in pork. The method utilizes the local variety advantages of the excellent local variety of the pig jujube village black-capped pig in China, combines the advantages of coarse feeding resistance and the like, designs the ration with low protein, high fiber and reasonable PUFA proportion, regulates and controls nutrition, improves the fatty acid composition in pork, produces the black-capped pig pork rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA, and has important significance for human health.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an oiled daily ration and a method for producing pork which is rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6/n-3 PUFA.
An oil-enriched daily ration for producing black-capped pork rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA is obtained by adding 0.70-2.85 mass percent of linseed oil and 0.15-2.30 mass percent of soybean oil into a common daily ration; in the oil-added daily ration, the content of crude fiber is 11.5-12.9%, the content of crude protein is 10.86-12.58%, PUFA accounts for 51.77-52.71% of the total fatty acid, and n-3PUFA accounts for 6.15-13.58% of the total fatty acid by mass; the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 2.87-7.56.
The common daily ration comprises: 50 parts of corn, 17 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of soybean meal, 26.7 parts of grass meal, 1 part of stone powder, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of salt and 0.5 part of premix; each kilogram of the premix contains 80-160 ten thousand IU vitamin A acetate, 3.00 mg cyanocobalamine, 65-125 ten thousand IU vitamin D3、5.50×103mg nicotinamide, 9X 103mg α -Tocopherol acetate, 4.00X 103mg of calcium D-pantothenate, 350mg of menadione, 17.5mg of D-biotin, 1.50X 103Riboflavin, 0.18X 10 mg3-7.00×103mg of copper, 0.75X 104-2.00×104mg iron, 3.75X 103-7.5×103mg manganese, 1.00X 104-4.00×104Zinc 50-100 mg, selenium 15.0-30.0mg, iodine 15.0 mg and the like, and the rest is stone powder;when the common daily ration is used for adding the linseed oil and the soybean oil, the mass parts of the grass meal are correspondingly reduced.
In the oil-added daily ration, the content of crude fibers is 11.5-12.9%, the content of crude proteins is 10.86-12.58%, the adding amount of linseed oil is 0.7%, the adding amount of soybean oil is 2.3%, PUFA accounts for 52.71% of the total fatty acid mass, n-3PUFA accounts for 6.15% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 7.56; the produced pork pig has 8.47 of n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi.
In the oil-added daily ration, the content of crude fibers is 11.5-12.9%, the content of crude proteins is 10.86-12.58%, the adding amount of linseed oil is 1.50%, the adding amount of soybean oil is 1.50%, PUFA accounts for 51.77% of the total fatty acid mass, n-3PUFA accounts for 9.12% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 4.67; the produced pork pig has n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA of 5.38 in longissimus dorsi.
In the oil-added daily ration, the content of crude fibers is 11.5-12.9%, the content of crude proteins is 10.86-12.58%, the adding amount of linseed oil is 2.85%, the adding amount of soybean oil is 0.15%, PUFA accounts for 52.64% of the total fatty acid mass, n-3PUFA accounts for 13.58% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 2.87; the produced pork pig has n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA of 3.91 in the longissimus dorsi.
In the linseed oil, the PUFA accounts for 78.81% of the total fatty acid mass, the n-3PUFA accounts for 61.42% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of the n-6 PUFA to the n-3PUFA is 0.28; in the soybean oil, the PUFA accounts for 68.34% of the total fatty acid mass, the n-3PUFA accounts for 10.33% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of the n-6 PUFA to the n-3PUFA is 5.62.
A method for producing pork of black-capped pig rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA comprises feeding the black-capped pig with the oil-enriched ration 70 days after fattening period of Zaozhuang.
The black-capped pork obtained by the production method is rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA.
Aiming at the characteristic of maladjustment of the proportion of fatty acid in pork, the invention designs the daily ration of linseed oil and soybean oil with high crude fiber content, low crude protein content and different proportions to produce the high-quality pork of the black-capped pig which is rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA by fully utilizing the coarse feeding resistance characteristic of the black-capped pig in Shandong Zaozhuang according to the principles and technologies of animal nutrition and animal physiology, and has important significance for improving the industrial value of the black-capped pig and improving the human diet health.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a dorsal longest muscle color chart;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the pH of the longissimus dorsi;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the mass percentage of longisimus dorsi n-3 PUFAs based on total fatty acids;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the mass percentage of longisimus dorsi n-6 PUFAs based on total fatty acids;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
The method for producing the pork rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6/n-3 PUFA adopts the following feeding method to feed: feeding the Zaozhuang black-cover pigs 70 days after fattening by using oil-enriched daily ration which is high in crude fiber content, low in crude protein content and contains linseed oil and soybean oil in different proportions. According to the mass percentage, the high crude fiber content means that the crude fiber content in the feed is 11.5-12.9%, and is mainly provided by 23.7-26.7% of grass meal; the low crude protein content means that the crude protein content is 10.86-12.58%, and is mainly provided by soybean meal; the addition proportion of the linseed oil is 0.70-2.85%, and the addition proportion of the soybean oil is 0.15-2.30%; the PUFA accounts for 51.77-52.71% of the total fatty acid mass in the feed, and the n-3PUFA accounts for 6.15-13.58% of the total fatty acid mass; the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 2.87-7.56. The common feed for the black-cover pigs in the fattening period is a daily ration with high crude fiber content and low crude protein content, and is not added with linseed oil and soybean oil.
The pig is Shandong Zaozhuang black-cover pig. The period of 70 days after the fattening period is specifically from the Zaozhuang black-covered pigs with the weight of 68 kg-77 kg to the marketing period of 95 kg-110 kg.
The linseed oil may contain PUFA 78.81% by mass of the total fatty acids, n-3PUFA 61.42% by mass of the total fatty acids, and the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA may be 0.28. In the soybean oil, the PUFA can account for 68.34% of the total fatty acid mass, the n-3PUFA accounts for 10.33% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of the n-6 PUFA to the n-3PUFA can be 5.62.
In the embodiment of the invention, the common ration (feed) for the fattening period of the black-cover pig is prepared from the following raw materials in proportion:
45-55 parts of corn
15-20 parts of wheat bran
2-6 parts of soybean meal
22-28.5 parts of grass meal
0.5 to 1.5 parts by mass of stone powder
0.2 to 0.7 mass portion of calcium hydrophosphate
0.1-0.6 parts by mass of salt
0.2 to 0.7 mass portion of premix
Each kilogram of the premix contains 80-160 ten thousand IU vitamin A acetate, 3.00 mg cyanocobalamine, 65-125 ten thousand IU vitamin D3, 5.50 × 103mg nicotinamide, 9 × 103mg α -tocopherol acetate, 4.00 × 103mg D-calcium pantothenate, 350mg menadione, 17.5mg D-biotin, 1.50 × 103mg riboflavin, 0.18 × 103-7.00 × 103mg copper, 0.75 × 104-2.00 × 104 mg iron, 3.75 × 103-7.5 × 103mg manganese, 1.00 × 104-4.00 × 104 mg zinc, 50-100 mg selenium, 15.0-30.0mg iodine and the like, and the balance of stone powder.
The common feed for the fattening period of the live pigs does not contain linseed oil and soybean oil, and other raw materials can be the same as the common feed for the fattening period of the live pigs, such as energy feed, protein feed, coarse feed, mineral feed and vitamin feed. The common feed for the fattening period of the live pigs can also contain non-nutritive additives such as an antioxidant, a preservative, a flavoring agent, a coloring agent, a growth promoter and the like.
The energy feed may be a commonly used pig energy feed, such as at least one selected from the group consisting of: cereals, bran, starchy root tuber, dregs, etc. In one embodiment of the invention, the grains may be corn and wheat bran.
The protein feed may be a commonly used pig protein feed, such as at least one selected from the group consisting of: beans, meals, fish meal, etc. In one embodiment of the invention, the protein feed is soybean meal.
The roughage can be a commonly used pig roughage, such as at least one selected from the following: such as pasture, crop straw, vinasse, etc. In one embodiment of the invention, the roughage is grass meal.
The mineral feed is selected from stone powder, calcium bicarbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, salt, shell powder and bone powder. In one embodiment of the invention, the mineral feed is stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate and salt.
The vitamin feed can be a commonly used vitamin feed, such as at least one selected from the following: vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B1Vitamin B2Vitamin B6Biotin, etc.
The following examples are given to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, but do not limit the invention. The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The feed materials used in the following examples are all commercially available.
The total fatty acids, PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs in the following examples were determined according to the following methods: determination of fatty acids in GB 5009.168-2016 food products.
Crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber in the following examples were measured by the following methods, respectively: measuring the content of crude protein in GB/T6432-2018 feed, measuring the content of crude fat in GB/T6433-2006 feed and measuring the content of crude fiber in GB/T6434-2006 feed.
Drip loss, pH, flesh color score, and marbling score in the following examples were determined as follows: NY/T821-2004 pig muscle quality determination technical specification.
In the linseed oil described below, the PUFA may account for 78.81% by mass of the total fatty acids, the n-3PUFA may account for 61.42% by mass of the total fatty acids, the n-6 PUFA may account for 17.35% by mass of the total fatty acids, and the mass ratio of the n-6 PUFA to the n-3PUFA may be 0.28.
In the soybean oil described below, the PUFA may account for 68.34% by mass of the total fatty acids, the n-3PUFA may account for 10.33% by mass of the total fatty acids, the n-6 PUFA may account for 58.01% by mass of the total fatty acids, and the mass ratio of the n-6 PUFA to the n-3PUFA may be 5.62.
The following examples show that the purity of the common feed raw materials for fattening pigs of live pigs has the conventional purity of feed-grade raw materials.
EXAMPLE 1 production of N-3 PUFA-enriched, low n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA pork from black-topped pigs Using the enriched ration of the invention
1. Materials and methods
1.1 fattening period daily ration
The daily ration in the fattening period is divided into 4 types: the feed comprises the following components of a fattening period common daily ration (referred to as a control daily ration), 0.7% of daily ration (0.7% of linseed oil and 2.3% of soybean oil are added on the basis of the fattening period common daily ration), 1.5% of daily ration (1.5% of linseed oil and 1.5% of soybean oil are added on the basis of the fattening period common daily ration), and 2.85% of daily ration (2.85% of linseed oil and 0.15% of soybean oil are added on the basis of the fattening period common daily ration). The feed comprises, by weight, 11.5-12.9% of crude fiber, 10.86-12.58% of crude protein, 48.56% of PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) based on the mass of total fatty acids, 1.69% of n-3PUFA based on the mass of total fatty acids, and 27.71% of the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA in a common daily ration in a fattening period.
In 0.7% of daily ration, the content of crude fibers is 11.5% -12.9%, the content of crude proteins is 10.86% -12.58%, PUFA accounts for 52.71% of the total fatty acids, n-3PUFA accounts for 6.15% of the total fatty acids, and the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 7.56.
In 1.5% of daily ration, the content of crude fibers is 11.5% -12.9%, the content of crude proteins is 10.86% -12.58%, PUFA accounts for 51.77% of the total fatty acid, n-3PUFA accounts for 9.12% of the total fatty acid, and the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 4.67.
In 2.85% of daily ration, the content of crude fibers is 11.5% -12.9%, the content of crude proteins is 10.86% -12.58%, PUFA accounts for 52.64% of the total fatty acid, n-3PUFA accounts for 13.58% of the total fatty acid, and the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 2.87.
The composition of the daily ration in each group is shown in table 1:
table 1: daily ration for each group in fattening period
| Raw materials | Content (%) | |||
| Common daily ration | 0.7% of daily ration | 1.5% daily ration | 2.85% of daily ration | |
| Corn (corn) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| Bean pulp | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Bran | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 |
| Grass meal | 26.7 | 23.7 | 23.7 | 23.7 |
| |
0 | 2.30 | 1.50 | 0.15 |
| |
0 | 0.70 | 1.50 | 2.85 |
| Stone powder | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Calcium hydrogen phosphate | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Salt | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Premix compound | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Total up to | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Wherein each kilogram of the premix contains 80-160 ten thousand IU vitamin A acetate, 3.00 mg cyanocobalamine, 65-125 ten thousand IU vitamin D3, 5.50 × 103mg nicotinamide, 9 × 103mg α -tocopherol acetate, 4.00 × 103mg D-calcium pantothenate, 350mg menadione, 17.5mg D-biotin, 1.50 × 103mg riboflavin, 0.18 × 103-7.00 × 103mg copper, 0.75 × 104-2.00 × 104 mg iron, 3.75 × 103-7.5 × 103mg manganese, 1.00 × 104-4.00 × 104 mg zinc, 50-100 mg selenium, 15.0-30.0mg iodine and the like, and the balance of stone powder.
The composition and the digestion energy of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the diets of the groups are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 composition and digestibility of polyunsaturated fatty acids for each group of diets
| Composition (I) | Content (wt.) | |||
| Common daily ration | 0.7% of daily ration | 1.5% daily ration | 2.85% of daily ration | |
| PUFA/Total fatty acids | 48.56% | 52.71% | 51.77% | 52.64% |
| n-3 PUFA/total fatty acids | 1.69% | 6.15% | 9.11% | 13.58% |
| n-6 PUFA/total fatty acids | 46.78% | 46.50% | 42.59% | 39.00% |
| n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA | 27.71 | 7.56 | 4.67 | 2.87 |
| Digestion energy (MJ/kg) | 11.317 | 12.2296 | 12.2299 | 12.2347 |
1.2 test animals
1.3 test methods
The pre-feeding period is 5 days, the formal test period is 70 days, and the black cap pigs of the 4 groups are respectively fed with corresponding daily ration from 68kg to 77kg until 95kg to 110kg are slaughtered. After formal feeding for 70 days, 7 black-cap pigs are randomly selected from each group to be slaughtered, and the fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi and related indexes of meat quality are determined. Wherein, the common daily ration group is fed by the common daily ration, 0.7 percent of the group is fed by the 0.7 percent daily ration, 1.5 percent of the group is fed by the 1.5 percent daily ration, and 2.85 percent of the group is fed by the 2.85 percent daily ration. The other feeding conditions were the same.
In the whole feeding process, a conventional immunization program is executed, and the pigs have no stress reaction caused by diseases, adverse environments and the like.
1.4 statistics of data
The test data adopts SPSS 20.0 statistical software and Graphpad to carry out relevant data statistics and mapping.
2. Test results
2.1 Effect on pork flesh color, marbling and drip loss
As shown in table 3, the difference in the flesh color score, marbling score, and drip loss was not significant between the 0.7%, 1.5%, and 2.85% ration groups compared to the normal ration group. It is shown that 0.7 percent of the daily ration, 1.5 percent of the daily ration and 2.85 percent of the daily ration have no adverse effect on the conventional meat quality index of pork.
TABLE 3 indexes relating to the quality of longissimus dorsi
| Item | Common daily ration | 0.7% of daily ration | 1.5% daily ration | 2.85% of daily ration |
| Drip loss (%) | 1.76±0.29 | 1.83±0.47 | 1.93±0.20 | 1.76±0.31 |
| Meat color scoring | 4.00±0.31 | 4.29±0.29 | 3.71±0.18 | 3.43±0.30 |
| Marbling score | 2.87±0.21 | 2.94±0.18 | 3.13±0.22 | 2.99±0.20 |
Note: n = 7.
2.2 Effect on pork color
As shown in fig. 1, the difference in flesh color was not significant 45min after slaughter for the 0.7% ration group, 1.5% ration group, and 2.85% ration group, as compared to the general ration group. However, the meat color value 24h after slaughtering of the 2.85% daily ration group is obviously higher than that of the daily ration group and the 0.7% daily ration group, and the other groups are not obvious. The result shows that the 2.85 percent of daily ration can regulate and control the meat color for 24 hours.
2.3 Effect on pork pH
As shown in fig. 2, the pH difference between longissimus dorsi 45min and 24h after slaughter was not significant in the 0.7% ration group, 1.5% ration group and 2.85% ration group compared to the normal ration group; the pH value of the 2.85 percent daily ration group after slaughtering 24 hours is very different from that of the 0.7 percent daily ration group (P < 0.01), and the pH value of the 1.5 percent daily ration group after slaughtering 24 hours is different from that of the 0.7 percent daily ration group (P < 0.05).
2.4 Effect on the proportion of n-3PUFA in pork
As shown in fig. 3, compared with the common diet group, the proportion of n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi of the 0.7% diet group, the 1.5% diet group and the 2.85% diet group to the total PUFA was significantly increased, and the difference between the groups was significantly (P < 0.01); with 2.85% of the daily groups being the highest. The results show that the content of n3PUFA in pork is remarkably improved by 0.7% of daily ration, 1.5% of daily ration and 2.85% of daily ration.
2.5 Effect on the proportion of n-6 PUFA in pork
As shown in fig. 4, the ratio of n-6 PUFA content to total PUFA in the longissimus dorsi of the 0.7% and 2.85% diets was not significantly different compared to the normal diet group; the ratio of 6 PUFA content in 1.5% daily ration group is significantly lower than that in the common daily ration group and 2.85% daily ration group (P < 0.05).
2.5 Effect on the ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA in pork
As shown in fig. 5, the ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi of the 0.7%, 1.5%, and 2.85% diets was significantly reduced compared to the normal diet; wherein the n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi of the 0.7% group, 1.5% group and 2.85% group are 8.47, 5.38 and 3.91, respectively, compared to the normal group (16.11 for n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi of pigs). The results show that the ratio of n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA in pork is obviously reduced, and the ratio of 2.85 percent of the daily ration is further reduced to be below the optimal ratio of 4.
The tests of this example demonstrate the characteristics of the pork produced according to the invention:
1) has the characteristics of A1 and A2, and the A1 is the content of n-3PUFA in the functional pork in the total fatty acid
Higher than the content of n-3PUFA in common pork in total fatty acid; the A2 means that the ratio of n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA in the functional pork is lower than that of n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA in common pork.
2) Has the characteristics of A1 and A2 and also has B characteristics; and B is the meat quality related index of the functional pork without adverse performance.
Claims (8)
1. An oil-fortified ration for the production of black-topped pork rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA, characterized in that:
the oiled daily ration is obtained by adding 0.70-2.85 mass percent of linseed oil and 0.15-2.30 mass percent of soybean oil into common daily ration;
in the oil-added daily ration, according to the quality,
the content of the crude fiber is 11.5% -12.9%,
the content of crude protein is 10.86-12.58%,
the PUFA accounts for 51.77-52.71 percent of the total fatty acid mass,
the n-3PUFA accounts for 6.15-13.58% of the total fatty acid mass;
the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 2.87-7.56.
2. The oiled daily ration according to claim 1, wherein: the common daily ration comprises: 50 parts by mass of corn,
17 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of soybean meal, 26.7 parts of grass meal, 1 part of stone powder and 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate,
0.3 part of salt and 0.5 part of premix; each kilogram of the premix contains 80-160 ten thousand IU vitamin A acetate,
3.00 mg of cyanocobalamin and 65-125 ten thousand IU of vitamin D3、5.50×103mg nicotinamide, 9X 103mg α -TocopherolAcetate, 4.00X 103mg of calcium D-pantothenate, 350mg of menadione, 17.5mg of D-biotin, 1.50X 103Riboflavin, 0.18X 10 mg3-7.00×103mg of copper, 0.75X 104-2.00×104mg iron, 3.75X 103-7.5×103mg manganese, 1.00X 104-4.00×104Zinc 50-100 mg, selenium 15.0-30.0mg, iodine 15.0 mg and the like, and the rest is stone powder; when the common daily ration is used for adding the linseed oil and the soybean oil, the mass parts of the grass meal are correspondingly reduced.
3. The oiled daily ration according to claim 1, wherein: the content of the crude fiber is 11.5% -12.9%, the content of the crude protein is 10.86% -12.58%, the adding amount of the linseed oil is 0.7%, the adding amount of the soybean oil is 2.3%, PUFA accounts for 52.71% of the total fatty acid mass, n-3PUFA accounts for 6.15% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of n-6 PUFA to n-3PUFA is 7.56; the produced pork pig has 8.47 of n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi.
4. The oiled daily ration according to claim 1, wherein: the content of the crude fiber is 11.5% -12.9%, the content of the crude protein is 10.86% -12.58%, the adding amount of the linseed oil is 1.50%, the adding amount of the soybean oil is 1.50%, the PUFA accounts for 51.77% of the total fatty acid mass, the n-3PUFA accounts for 9.12% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of the n-6 PUFA to the n-3PUFA is 4.67; the produced pork pig has n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA of 5.38 in longissimus dorsi.
5. The oiled daily ration according to claim 1, wherein: the content of the crude fiber is 11.5% -12.9%, the content of the crude protein is 10.86% -12.58%, the addition amount of the linseed oil is 2.85%, the addition amount of the soybean oil is 0.15%, the PUFA accounts for 52.64% of the total fatty acid mass, the n-3PUFA accounts for 13.58% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of the n-6 PUFA to the n-3PUFA is 2.87; the produced pork pig has n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA of 3.91 in the longissimus dorsi.
6. The oiled daily ration according to claim 1, wherein: in the linseed oil, the PUFA accounts for 78.81% of the total fatty acid mass, the n-3PUFA accounts for 61.42% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of the n-6 PUFA to the n-3PUFA is 0.28; in the soybean oil, the PUFA accounts for 68.34% of the total fatty acid mass, the n-3PUFA accounts for 10.33% of the total fatty acid mass, and the mass ratio of the n-6 PUFA to the n-3PUFA is 5.62.
7. A method for producing black-capped pork which is rich in n-3PUFA and low in n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: feeding the jujube-village black-cover pigs 70 days after fattening, by using the oil-added ration according to any one of claims 1-6.
8. Black-cover pork with rich n-3PUFA and low n-6 PUFA/n-3PUFA obtained by the production method according to claim 7.
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Application publication date: 20200501 |