CN111077054B - Soil water permeability pore measuring device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Soil water permeability pore measuring device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111077054B CN111077054B CN201911355815.0A CN201911355815A CN111077054B CN 111077054 B CN111077054 B CN 111077054B CN 201911355815 A CN201911355815 A CN 201911355815A CN 111077054 B CN111077054 B CN 111077054B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 197
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
- G01N15/0893—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry by measuring weight or volume of sorbed fluid, e.g. B.E.T. method
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for automatically measuring soil water permeability pore and a using method thereof. The water feeder is a cylindrical container, is placed on the automatic weighing device and can automatically measure the water supply amount and the water supply speed of the water feeder; the soil bearing device is a square container without a top surface and a bottom surface, the soil bearing device is placed on a mesh plate, the mesh plate is fixed on the leveler, water flowing out of an overflow port of the soil bearing device is contained in the water collector, the water collector is placed on the automatic weighing device, and the water quantity and the overflow speed contained in the water collector can be automatically measured. The water quantity flowing out of the water supply device and the water quantity received by the water receiving device are automatically measured, the water quantity flowing through the soil water permeability holes is determined by applying a water quantity balance principle, and the water permeability holes in the soil are automatically calculated. Can be used for measuring the water permeability holes in undisturbed soil and filling soil. Simple and practical, low cost and automatic measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil physical property determination, in particular to a soil water permeability pore determination device and a using method thereof.
Background
The soil porosity is a key index for reflecting the physical properties of soil, particularly the water storage capacity and water conductivity of the soil. The pores in the soil are divided into capillary pores and non-capillary pores. The pores of the non-capillary tubes are thick and large, and only water can permeate but cannot retain water. Some holes in the capillary pores can retain water and permeate water, and some capillary pores can only retain water and cannot permeate water. The water permeable pores are the sum of the non-capillary pores and part of the capillary pores. Thus, measuring only capillary and non-capillary porosity, while yielding total porosity, does not allow determination of water-permeable porosity.
The current commonly used method for measuring the pore is a cutting ring method, which only can measure the total pore, but the water permeability pore needs to be grasped in scientific research and production practices such as water conservation, water permeability, forest soil improvement benefit and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil water permeability pore measuring device capable of automatically measuring and evaluating soil water permeability pores and a using method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a soil water permeability pore measuring device and a using method thereof, comprising a water feeder, a soil bearing device with a water inlet and an overflow port, a mesh plate, a leveler, a water collector, an automatic weighing device and a controller;
the water feeder is a cylindrical container, a water outlet pipe of the water feeder is connected with a water inlet of the soil bearing device, and the water feeder is placed on the automatic weighing device;
the soil bearing device is a square cylinder, the bottom of the soil bearing device is placed on the mesh plate, a water inlet and an overflow port are formed in one side of the top of the soil bearing device, and a mark line is arranged on the inner wall of the soil bearing device close to the upper opening;
the mesh plate is fixed on the leveler, the whole mesh plate is in a horizontal state by adjusting a nut of the leveler, and a uniform water layer with the thickness of 2mm is arranged on the surface of the soil to be detected in the soil bearing device;
the water collector is placed on an automatic weighing device, and the automatic weighing device is connected with the controller through a signal line.
The use method of the soil water permeability pore measuring device comprises the following steps:
(1) taking an undisturbed soil sample: placing the soil bearing device on a sample plot to be measured, slightly pressing the soil bearing device to enable soil to enter the soil bearing device, then excavating the periphery of the soil bearing device by using a shovel, cutting off the plant root system which prevents the soil bearing device from entering the soil by using scissors, then continuously slightly pressing the soil bearing device until the soil surface reaches a mark line in the soil bearing device, then excavating the soil bearing device by using the shovel, cutting off redundant soil at the bottom of the soil bearing device by using a sharp blade to enable the soil filled into the soil bearing device to be level with the bottom of the soil bearing device, and not causing disturbance to the soil in the soil bearing device in the sampling process;
(2) water injection of the water feeder: closing the valve of the water feeder, opening the plug of the water feeder, and filling the water feeder with water;
(3) leveling the mesh plate: adjusting a nut of the leveler to enable the mesh plate to be in a horizontal state;
(4) weighing a soil bearing device: laying a piece of filter paper with the diameter of 10cm on an electronic balance with the sensing quantity of 0.01g, and placing the soil bearing device filled with undisturbed soil on the filter paper for weighing to obtain the sum of the weights of the soil bearing device and the filter paper before the experiment;
(5) and (3) experimental determination: placing the soil bearing device filled with the original soil after weighing and the filter paper on a mesh plate, opening a valve of the water supply device, starting timing, measuring the weight of the water supply device and the water receiving device respectively according to the measuring frequency of the automatic weighing device measured once per minute under the regulation and control of the controller, storing the weighed data in the controller, and displaying the calculated total water supply amount, total overflow amount and overflow speed (overflow amount per minute) on a display screen of the controller. When the overflow speeds of three consecutive times are equal, the experiment is ended, and the controller automatically calculates the total water supply amount W of the water supply device1Total water volume W received by water receiver2；
(6) Re-weighing the soil bearing device: immediately placing the soil bearing device filled with undisturbed soil and the filter paper on an electronic balance with a sensing quantity of 0.01g for weighing again after the experiment is finished to obtain the sum of the weights of the soil bearing device and the filter paper after the experiment;
(7) calculating the weight variation delta W between the soil bearing device and the filter paper before and after the experiment;
(8) calculating the porosity of water permeability: water permeability pore ═ W1-W2-⊿W)/W1×100％。
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the soil water permeability pore measuring device and the using method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for monitoring a large number of water permeability pores in soil under different field vegetation coverage conditions, and can be used for monitoring and evaluating vegetation improved soil; the invention can also determine the water permeability pores of different soils, and is used for monitoring and evaluating soil resources; the invention can also measure the water permeability holes of undisturbed soil and filling soil indoors, and can be used for researching and evaluating the water permeability of soil; the instrument is simple to use and convenient to install and carry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an assembled view of a soil permeability and porosity measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an earth bearing device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a water supplier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a leveler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a mesh plate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a water collector according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an automatic scale and controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
the soil-bearing device comprises 1-soil-bearing device, 2-water inlet of the soil-bearing device, 3-overflow port of the soil-bearing device, 4-marking line of the soil-bearing device, 5-water supply device, 6-exhaust pipe of the water supply device, 7-plug of the water supply device, 8-valve of the water supply device, 9-leveler, 10-nut of the leveler, 11-mesh plate, 12-water collector, 13-automatic weighing device, 14-controller.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
The invention relates to a soil water permeability pore measuring device and a using method thereof, wherein the preferable specific implementation modes are as follows:
the soil water permeability pore measuring device comprises a water feeder, a soil bearing device with a water inlet and an overflow port, a mesh plate, a leveler, a water collector, an automatic weighing device and a controller;
the water feeder is a cylindrical container, a water outlet pipe of the water feeder is connected with a water inlet of the soil bearing device, and the water feeder is placed on the automatic weighing device;
the soil bearing device is a square cylinder, the bottom of the soil bearing device is placed on the mesh plate, a water inlet and an overflow port are formed in one side of the top of the soil bearing device, and a mark line is arranged on the inner wall of the soil bearing device close to the upper opening;
the mesh plate is fixed on the leveler, the whole mesh plate is in a horizontal state by adjusting a nut of the leveler, and a uniform water layer with the thickness of 2mm is arranged on the surface of the soil to be detected in the soil bearing device;
the water collector is placed on an automatic weighing device, and the automatic weighing device is connected with the controller through a signal line.
The diameter of the water feeder is 10cm, the height of the water feeder is 30cm, the weight of the water feeder is weighed according to the measuring frequency measured once per minute under the regulation and control of the controller, the total water supply amount is determined, and the water supply speed is calculated;
the soil bearing device is 50mm long, 50mm wide and 60mm high, the diameters of the water inlet and the overflow port are 6mm, and the installation position of the overflow port is 2mm higher than the water inlet and is used for ensuring that the water head on the soil to be measured in the soil bearing device is constant at 2 mm;
the water collector weighs the weight of the water collector under the regulation and control of the controller according to the measuring frequency measured once per minute, determines the total water volume received by the water collector, and calculates the overflow speed.
The use method of the soil water permeability pore measuring device comprises the following steps:
(1) taking an undisturbed soil sample: placing the soil bearing device on a sample plot to be measured, slightly pressing the soil bearing device to enable soil to enter the soil bearing device, then excavating the periphery of the soil bearing device by using a shovel, cutting off the plant root system which prevents the soil bearing device from entering the soil by using scissors, then continuously slightly pressing the soil bearing device until the soil surface reaches a mark line in the soil bearing device, then excavating the soil bearing device by using the shovel, cutting off redundant soil at the bottom of the soil bearing device by using a sharp blade to enable the soil filled into the soil bearing device to be level with the bottom of the soil bearing device, and not causing disturbance to the soil in the soil bearing device in the sampling process;
(2) water injection of the water feeder: closing the valve of the water feeder, opening the plug of the water feeder, and filling the water feeder with water;
(3) leveling the mesh plate: adjusting a nut of the leveler to enable the mesh plate to be in a horizontal state;
(4) weighing a soil bearing device: laying a piece of filter paper with the diameter of 10cm on an electronic balance with the sensing quantity of 0.01g, and placing the soil bearing device filled with undisturbed soil on the filter paper for weighing to obtain the sum of the weights of the soil bearing device and the filter paper before the experiment;
(5) and (3) experimental determination: placing the soil bearing device filled with the original soil after weighing and the filter paper on a mesh plate, opening a valve of the water supply device, starting timing, measuring the weight of the water supply device and the water receiving device respectively according to the measuring frequency of the automatic weighing device measured once per minute under the regulation and control of the controller, storing the weighed data in the controller, and displaying the calculated total water supply amount, total overflow amount and overflow speed (overflow amount per minute) on a display screen of the controller. When the overflow speeds of three consecutive times are equal, the experiment is ended, and the controller automatically calculates the total water supply amount W of the water feeder1Total water volume W received by the water receiver2；
(6) Re-weighing the soil bearing device: immediately placing the soil bearing device filled with undisturbed soil and the filter paper on an electronic balance with a sensing quantity of 0.01g for weighing again after the experiment is finished to obtain the sum of the weights of the soil bearing device and the filter paper after the experiment;
(7) calculating the weight variation delta W between the soil bearing device and the filter paper before and after the experiment;
(8) calculating the porosity of water permeability: water permeability pore ═ W1-W2-⊿W)/W1×100％。
The specific embodiment is as follows:
an apparatus and method for automatically determining the porosity of a soil, as shown in fig. 1-7, is characterized in that: comprises a water feeder, a soil bearing device with a water inlet and an overflow port, a mesh plate, a leveler, a water collector, an automatic weighing device and a controller.
The water feeder is a cylindrical container with the diameter of 10cm and the height of 30cm, and can stably supply water to the soil bearing device. The water feeder is placed on the automatic weighing device, the measuring frequency of the weight of the water feeder is measured once per minute under the regulation and control of the controller, the total water supply amount is determined, and the water supply speed is calculated.
The soil bearing device is square, the specification is that the length is 50mm, the width is 50mm, the height is 60mm, the soil bearing device is placed on the mesh plate, and a water inlet and an overflow port are formed in one side of the top of the soil bearing device.
The diameter of water inlet and overflow mouth is 6mm, and the mounted position of overflow mouth exceeds the water inlet by 2mm to guarantee that the flood peak on the soil surface that awaits measuring in the soil supporting device is invariable to be 2 mm.
The mesh plate is fixed on the leveler, and the whole mesh plate is in a horizontal state by adjusting the nut of the leveler, so that a uniform water layer with the thickness of 2mm is ensured on the surface of the soil to be detected in the soil bearing device.
The water collector is placed on an automatic weighing device, the measuring frequency of the weight of the water collector is measured once per minute under the regulation and control of a controller, the total water volume received by the water collector is determined, and the overflow speed (overflow volume per minute) is calculated.
The use method of the soil water permeability pore determinator is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) taking an undisturbed soil sample: the soil bearing device is placed in a sample plot needing to be measured, the soil bearing device is slightly pressed to enable the soil to enter the soil bearing device, then the periphery of the soil bearing device is dug by a shovel, the plant root system which prevents the soil bearing device from entering the soil is cut by scissors, and then the soil bearing device is continuously slightly pressed until the surface of the soil reaches a mark line in the soil bearing device (the thickness of the soil entering the soil bearing device is 50 mm). Then, the soil bearing device is dug out by a shovel, and redundant soil at the bottom of the soil bearing device is cut off by a sharp blade, so that the soil filled into the soil bearing device is flush with the bottom of the soil bearing device. The soil in the soil bearing device cannot be disturbed in the sampling process.
(2) Water injection of the water feeder: the water feeder valve is closed, the stopper of the water feeder is opened, and the water feeder is filled with water.
(3) Leveling the mesh plate: and adjusting a nut on the leveler to enable the mesh plate to be in a horizontal state.
(4) Weighing a soil bearing device: and (3) paving a piece of filter paper with the diameter of 10cm on an electronic balance with the sensing quantity of 0.01g, and placing the soil bearing device filled with undisturbed soil on the filter paper for weighing to obtain the sum of the weights of the soil bearing device and the filter paper before the experiment.
(5) And (3) experimental determination: the soil bearing device filled with the original soil after weighing is placed on the mesh plate together with the filter paper, a water supply device valve is opened, timing is started, the automatic weighing device measures the measuring frequency of the weight of the water supply device and the water collecting device once per minute under the regulation and control of the controller, the water supply device and the water collecting device are respectively weighed, the weighing data are stored in the controller, and the calculated total water supply amount, total overflow amount and overflow speed (overflow amount per minute) are displayed on a display screen of the controller. When the overflow rates were equal three consecutive times, the experiment was ended. The controller automatically calculates the total water supply W of the water feeder1Total water volume W received by water receiver2。
(6) Re-weighing the soil bearing device: immediately after the experiment is finished, the soil bearing device filled with undisturbed soil and the filter paper are placed on an electronic balance with the sensing quantity of 0.01g for weighing again, and the sum of the weights of the soil bearing device and the filter paper after the experiment is obtained.
(7) And calculating the weight variation delta W between the soil bearing device and the filter paper before and after the experiment.
(8) Calculating the porosity of water permeability: water permeability pore ═ W1-W2-⊿W)/W1×100％。
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A use method of a soil water permeability pore measuring device is characterized in that:
the soil water permeability pore measuring device comprises a water feeder, a soil bearing device with a water inlet and an overflow port, a mesh plate, a leveler, a water collector, an automatic weighing device and a controller;
the water feeder is a cylindrical container, a water outlet pipe of the water feeder is connected with a water inlet of the soil bearing device, and the water feeder is placed on the automatic weighing device;
the soil bearing device is a square cylinder, the bottom of the soil bearing device is placed on the mesh plate, a water inlet and an overflow port are formed in one side of the top of the soil bearing device, and a mark line is arranged on the inner wall of the soil bearing device close to the upper opening;
the mesh plate is fixed on the leveler, the whole mesh plate is in a horizontal state by adjusting a nut of the leveler, and a uniform water layer with the thickness of 2mm is arranged on the surface of the soil to be detected in the soil bearing device;
the water collector is placed on an automatic weighing device, and the automatic weighing device is connected with the controller through a signal line;
the use method of the soil water permeability pore measuring device comprises the following steps:
(1) taking an undisturbed soil sample: placing the soil bearing device on a sample plot to be measured, slightly pressing the soil bearing device to enable soil to enter the soil bearing device, then excavating the periphery of the soil bearing device by using a shovel, cutting off the plant root system which prevents the soil bearing device from entering the soil by using scissors, then continuously slightly pressing the soil bearing device until the soil surface reaches a mark line in the soil bearing device, then excavating the soil bearing device by using the shovel, cutting off redundant soil at the bottom of the soil bearing device by using a sharp blade to enable the soil filled into the soil bearing device to be level with the bottom of the soil bearing device, and not causing disturbance to the soil in the soil bearing device in the sampling process;
(2) water injection of the water feeder: closing the valve of the water feeder, opening the plug of the water feeder, and filling the water feeder with water;
(3) leveling the mesh plate: adjusting a nut of the leveler to enable the mesh plate to be in a horizontal state;
(4) weighing a soil bearing device: laying a piece of filter paper with the diameter of 10cm on an electronic balance with the sensing quantity of 0.01g, and placing the soil bearing device filled with undisturbed soil on the filter paper for weighing to obtain the sum of the weights of the soil bearing device and the filter paper before the experiment;
(5) and (3) experimental determination: placing the soil bearing device filled with the original soil after weighing and filter paper on a mesh plate, opening a valve of a water supply device, starting timing, measuring the measuring frequency of the automatic weighing device once per minute under the regulation and control of a controller, respectively measuring the weight of the water supply device and the weight of a water collector, storing the weighing data in the controller, and displaying the calculated total water supply amount, total overflow amount and overflow speed on a display screen of the controller according to the overflow amount per minute;
when the overflow speeds of three consecutive times are equal, the experiment is ended, and the controller automatically calculates the total water supply amount W of the water feeder1Total water volume W received by water receiver2；
(6) Re-weighing the soil bearing device: immediately placing the soil bearing device filled with undisturbed soil and the filter paper on an electronic balance with a sensing quantity of 0.01g for weighing again after the experiment is finished to obtain the sum of the weights of the soil bearing device and the filter paper after the experiment;
(7) calculating the weight variation delta W between the soil bearing device and the filter paper before and after the experiment;
(8) calculating the water permeability porosity: water permeability pore ═ W1-W2-⊿W)/W1×100％。
2. The method of using a soil permeability pore measurement device of claim 1, wherein:
the diameter of the water feeder is 10cm, the height of the water feeder is 30cm, the weight of the water feeder is weighed according to the measuring frequency measured once per minute under the regulation and control of the controller, the total water supply amount is determined, and the water supply speed is calculated;
the soil bearing device is 50mm long, 50mm wide and 60mm high, the diameters of the water inlet and the overflow port are 6mm, and the installation position of the overflow port is 2mm higher than the water inlet and is used for ensuring that the water head on the soil to be measured in the soil bearing device is constant at 2 mm;
the water collector weighs the weight of the water collector under the regulation and control of the controller according to the measuring frequency measured once per minute, determines the total water volume received by the water collector, and calculates the overflow speed.
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