CN111077027B - Method for determining shear strength of calcareous sand under high stress - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
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- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the shear strength of calcareous sand under high stress, which comprises the following steps: taking calcareous sand and quartz sand with the same grain composition, and preparing samples with different relative compactness; adopting layered filling to respectively carry out 1500KPa, 3000KPa and 5000KPa normal stress single shear testTesting; when the shearing force tends to a stable value, the soil sample is considered to be sheared, otherwise, the test is stopped when the shearing displacement reaches 20 percent; drawing a stress-strain relation curve, and calculating the maximum internal friction angle of the sandy soil by a coulomb formula; calculating the shear expansion angle to obtain the maximum shear expansion angles of different densities and different sandy soils; calculating a critical internal friction angle; obtaining sample breaking rate Br by Hardin method or Marsal methodHOr BrM(ii) a Fitting the quartz sand which is not crushed to obtain a shear strength formula; and introducing a crushing component into the calcareous sand strength formula, calculating the crushing component according to the coefficient determined by the quartz sand, and fitting with the crushing rate to obtain the calcareous sand shear strength formula.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shear strength determination method, in particular to a shear strength determination method of calcareous sand under high stress.
Background
The calcareous sand is a special marine soil with high porosity and easy breaking property, and has certain influence on the strength of the special marine soil. A large amount of calcareous sand is distributed in the south China sea area, along with the exploration and exploitation of offshore oil and natural gas resources and the development of reef island tourism industry in the last decade, the number of reef islands and offshore modernization projects is increasing, and the scale is larger, so that the research on the shear strength characteristic of the calcareous sand serving as a foundation is very important, and the analysis on the relation between the shear strength and shear swelling of the calcareous sand is important.
The expression of the relation between shear strength and shear swell of sand commonly used at present is proposed by Bolton in 1986:
wherein,
the angle of maximum internal friction is indicated,
representing the critical internal friction angle, #maxIndicating maximum shear angle psimax. Wherein
Is an essential attribute of the soil body, psimaxDepending on the relative compaction and overburden pressure of the sand sample.
However, since the calcareous sands grains are brittle, their shearing process will cause a considerable amount of the grains to break under the effect of high vertical stresses. Previous research results show that particle breakage affects the shear strength of soil. However, at present, there is no clear explanation of this relationship. Therefore, establishing a new expression capable of comprehensively considering the relationship among the strength, shear swelling and particle crushing of the calcareous sand is important for determining the shear strength of the calcareous sand and designing a foundation on the basis of the shear strength.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a method for determining the shear strength of calcareous sand under high stress, provides an idea for determining the strength of the calcareous sand, and simultaneously ensures that the shear strength relationship determined by the method is more consistent with the actual situation.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The method for determining the shear strength of the calcareous sand under high stress comprises the following steps:
1) respectively carrying out normal stress single shear tests under 1500KPa, 3000KPa and 5000KPa on quartz sand with different relative compactness; wherein, a layered filling method is adopted during sample filling, 3 layers are divided, and the height and the quality of each layer are the same;
2) in the test process, when the shearing force tends to a stable value, the tested quartz sand sample is considered to be damaged, if the condition does not occur, the test is stopped when the shearing displacement reaches 20 percent;
3) according to the shear stress-shear strain relation curve in the test process, the corresponding relative compactness of the quartz sand is calculated by a coulomb formulaDegree and maximum internal friction angle under normal stress
4) Then according to the vertical displacement variable d in the test processvAnd the amount of change d in horizontal displacementuIs represented by the formula psi ═ arctan- (d)v/du) Calculating the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the quartz sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,q；
5) Taking the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the quartz sand under corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,qAs abscissa, maximum internal friction angle
Drawing a series of data scattering points for the ordinate, performing linear fitting on the scattering points, and obtaining a straight line intercept which is the critical internal friction angle of the quartz sand
6) Determining the maximum internal friction angle of the quartz sand according to Bolton method
Critical internal friction angle
And maximum shear expansion angle psimax,qIs a relational expression of
The value of parameter b in (1);
7) taking the calcareous sand with the same grain composition as the quartz sand, and respectively carrying out normal stress single shear tests under 1500KPa, 3000KPa and 5000KPa on the calcareous sand with different relative compactness; wherein, a layered filling method is adopted during sample filling, 3 layers are divided, and the height and the quality of each layer are the same;
8) when the shearing force tends to a stable value in the test process, the tested calcareous sandy soil sample is considered to be damaged, if the condition does not exist, the tested calcareous sandy soil sample is considered to be damagedIf the condition occurs, stopping the test when the shear displacement reaches 20 percent; screening calcareous sandy soil samples after each group of tests, and quantifying the breaking rate of the samples by using a Hardin method according to the change of particle grading curves before and after shearing to obtain the breaking rate BrHOr quantifying the breakage rate of the sample by using a Marsal method to obtain the breakage rate BrM；
9) According to the shear stress-shear strain relation curve in the test process, the maximum internal friction angle of the calcareous sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stress is calculated by a coulomb formula
10) Then according to the vertical displacement variable d in the test processvAnd the amount of change d in horizontal displacementuIs represented by the formula psi ═ arctan- (d)v/du) Calculating the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the calcareous sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,c；
11) Taking the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the calcareous sand under corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,cIs a horizontal coordinate, maximum internal friction angle
Drawing a series of data scatter points for the ordinate, performing linear fitting on the scatter points, and obtaining a straight line intercept which is the critical internal friction angle of the calcareous sand
12) According to the maximum internal friction angle of the calcareous sand
Maximum shear expansion angle psimax,cCritical internal friction angle
Introducing a crushing component f (Br) on the basis of the relation determined in step 6)H) I.e. by
Or introducing the fragmentation component f (Br) on the basis of the relation determined in step 6)M) I.e. by
Based on the results obtained in steps 8) to 11)
ψmax,c、
BrHBased on the values obtained in steps 8) to 11)
ψmax,c、
BrMThe numerical value of (A) is obtained:
or
The formulas (2) and (3) can be used for the shear strength analysis of the calcareous sand.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method is simple and clear, is easy to operate, and related parameters are easy to determine and reliable, so that the result is more accurate and reasonable.
(2) The method quantifies the crushing components before and after shearing and in the shearing strength, is more fit with the actual engineering, can effectively provide theoretical basis for the actual engineering calculation, better accords with the shearing characteristic of the calcareous sand, and is more suitable for ocean engineering with complicated and changeable engineering construction environment.
(3) In view of the important role of the shearing strength characteristic of the calcareous sand in engineering design, the method is reasonable and reliable, and provides safer parameters for ocean engineering design and construction, so that the risk of related engineering accidents is reduced, and manpower and material resources are saved.
(4) The invention provides valuable reference significance for reasonably acquiring other parameters.
In summary, the invention provides a new method for determining the shear strength characteristic of calcareous sand under high stress, namely, firstly performing single shear test on quartz sand under normal stress condition, determining the shear strength formula of quartz sand, adding the shear component to the calcareous sand on the basis of the formula, fitting the relationship between the shear component and the fracture rate, and further determining the shear strength formula of calcareous sand, aiming at the shear strength characteristic of calcareous sand under high stress, quantifying the fracture before and after shearing and the fracture component in the shear strength to take the fracture component into consideration in the complex and changeable ocean engineering environment, thereby providing a new shear strength characteristic analysis method. Compared with the conventional prediction method, the method is more novel in thought, and the crushing component is quantized, so that the method is more suitable for actual engineering. Therefore, the method is more suitable for the requirements of ocean engineering construction and design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of shear stress/initial normal stress-shear strain relationship;
(a) overlying stress 1500KPa, (b) overlying stress 3000KPa, (c) overlying stress 5000 KPa;
FIG. 2 is a graph of shear expansion angle versus shear strain;
(a)Dr＝0.4，(b)Dr＝0.7；
FIG. 3 is a graph of the relationship between the maximum shear expansion angle- (maximum friction angle-critical friction angle) of quartz sand;
FIG. 4 is a graph of calcareous sand fracture- (maximum friction angle-critical friction angle-0.83 × maximum shear expansion angle); (a) the Hardin method, (b) the Marsal method.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for determining the shear strength of the calcareous sand under high stress comprises the following steps:
1) normal stress single shear tests under 1500KPa, 3000KPa and 5000KPa are respectively carried out on the quartz sand with different relative compactness. Wherein, a layered filling method is adopted during sample filling, 3 layers are divided, and the height and the quality of each layer are the same.
2) And in the test process, when the shearing force tends to a stable value, the tested quartz sand sample is considered to be damaged, and if the condition does not occur, the test is stopped when the shearing displacement reaches 20 percent.
3) According to the shear stress-shear strain relation curve in the test process, the maximum internal friction angle of the quartz sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stress is calculated by a coulomb formula
4) Then according to the vertical displacement variable d in the test processvAnd the amount of change d in horizontal displacementuIs represented by the formula psi ═ arctan- (d)v/du) Calculating the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the quartz sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,q。
5) Taking the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the quartz sand under corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,qAs abscissa, maximum internal friction angle
Drawing a series of data scattering points for the ordinate, performing linear fitting on the scattering points, and obtaining a straight line intercept which is the critical internal friction angle of the quartz sand
6) Determining the maximum internal friction angle of the quartz sand according to Bolton method
Critical inner frictionCorner wiper
And maximum shear expansion angle psimax,qIs a relational expression of
The value of parameter b in (1).
7) And taking the calcareous sand with the same grain composition as the quartz sand, and respectively carrying out normal stress single shear tests under 1500KPa, 3000KPa and 5000KPa on the calcareous sand with different relative compactness. Wherein, a layered filling method is adopted during sample filling, 3 layers are divided, and the height and the quality of each layer are the same.
8) In the test process, when the shearing force tends to a stable value, the tested calcareous sandy soil sample is considered to be damaged, if the condition does not occur, the test is stopped when the shearing displacement reaches 20 percent; screening calcareous sandy soil samples after each group of tests, and quantifying the breaking rate of the samples by using a Hardin method according to the change of particle grading curves before and after shearing to obtain the breaking rate BrHOr quantifying the breakage rate of the sample by using a Marsal method to obtain the breakage rate BrM；
9) According to the shear stress-shear strain relation curve in the test process, the maximum internal friction angle of the calcareous sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stress is calculated by a coulomb formula
10) Then according to the vertical displacement variable d in the test processvAnd the amount of change d in horizontal displacementuIs represented by the formula psi ═ arctan- (d)v/du) Calculating the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the calcareous sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,c。
11) Taking the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the calcareous sand under corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,cIs a horizontal coordinate, maximum internal friction angle
For the ordinate, a series of plots are drawnScattering points according to the data, performing linear fitting on the scattered points, and obtaining a linear intercept which is the critical internal friction angle of the calcareous sand
12) According to the maximum internal friction angle of the calcareous sand
Maximum shear expansion angle psimax,cCritical internal friction angle
Introducing a crushing component f (Br) on the basis of the relation determined in step 6)H) I.e. by
Or introducing the fragmentation component f (Br) on the basis of the relation determined in step 6)M) I.e. by
Based on the results obtained in steps 8) to 11)
ψmax,c、
BrHBased on the values obtained in steps 8) to 11)
ψmax,c、
BrMThe numerical value of (A) can be obtained:
or
The formulas (2) and (3) can be used for the shear strength analysis of the calcareous sand.
Example (b):
the invention discloses a method for determining the shear strength of calcareous sand under high stress, which comprises the following steps:
1) respectively carrying out normal stress single shear tests under 1500KPa, 3000KPa and 5000KPa on quartz sand with different relative compactness. Wherein, a layered filling method is adopted during sample filling, 3 layers are divided, and the height and the quality of each layer are the same;
2) in the test process, when the shearing force tends to a stable value, the tested quartz sand sample is considered to be damaged, if the condition does not occur, the test is stopped when the shearing displacement reaches 20 percent;
3) according to the shear stress-shear strain relation curve in the test process, as shown in fig. 1, the maximum internal friction angle of the quartz sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stress is calculated by the coulomb formula
4) Then according to the vertical displacement variable d in the test processvAnd the amount of change d in horizontal displacementuAs shown in fig. 2, the equation ψ is arctan- (d)v/du) Calculating the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the quartz sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,q；
5) Taking the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the quartz sand under corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,qAs abscissa, maximum internal friction angle
Drawing a series of data scattering points for the ordinate, performing linear fitting on the scattering points, and obtaining a straight line intercept which is the critical internal friction angle of the quartz sand
6) According to Bolton's method, the maximum internal friction angle of the sand is defined
Critical internal friction angle
And maximum shear expansion angle psimax,qSatisfy the relation
As shown in fig. 3;
7) and taking the calcareous sand with the same grain composition as the quartz sand, and respectively carrying out normal stress single shear tests under 1500KPa, 3000KPa and 5000KPa on the calcareous sand with different relative compactness. Wherein, a layered filling method is adopted during sample filling, 3 layers are divided, and the height and the quality of each layer are the same;
8) and in the test process, when the shearing force tends to a stable value, the tested calcareous sandy soil sample is considered to be damaged, and if the condition does not occur, the test is stopped when the shearing displacement reaches 20 percent. Screening calcareous sandy soil samples after each group of tests, and quantifying the breaking rate of the samples by using a Hardin method according to the change of particle grading curves before and after shearing to obtain the breaking rate BrHOr quantifying the breakage rate of the sample by using a Marsal method to obtain the breakage rate BrM；
9) According to the shear stress-shear strain relation curve in the test process, as shown in fig. 1, the maximum internal friction angle of the calcareous sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stress is calculated by the coulomb formula
10) Then according to the vertical displacement variable d in the test processvAnd the amount of change d in horizontal displacementuAs shown in fig. 2, the formula ψ is arctan- (d)v/du) Calculating the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the calcareous sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,c；
11) Taking the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the calcareous sand under corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,cIs a horizontal coordinate, maximum internal friction angle
Drawing a series of data scatter points for the ordinate, performing linear fitting on the scatter points, and obtaining a straight line intercept which is the critical internal friction angle of the calcareous sand
12) According to the maximum internal friction angle of the calcareous sand
Maximum shear expansion angle psimax,cCritical internal friction angle
Introducing a crushing component f (Br) on the basis of the relation determined in step 6)H) I.e. by
Or introducing the fragmentation component f (Br) on the basis of the relation determined in step 6)M) I.e. by
Based on that obtained in steps (8) to (11)
ψmax,c、
And BrHWith BrMThe values of (a) can be obtained as shown in FIG. 4:
the invention provides a novel method for determining the shear strength of calcareous soil under high stress aiming at the shear strength analysis of calcareous sand under high stress and considering the complex and changeable ocean engineering environment, namely, firstly performing a single shear test on quartz sand under the normal stress condition to determine a shear strength formula of the quartz sand, adding a crushing component to the calcareous sand on the basis of the formula, fitting the relation between the crushing component and the crushing rate, and further determining the shear strength formula of the calcareous sand, thereby providing a novel shear strength analysis method. Compared with the conventional prediction method, the method is more novel in thought, and the crushing component is quantized, so that the method is more suitable for actual engineering. Therefore, the method is more suitable for the requirements of ocean engineering construction and design.
Although the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining the shear strength of calcareous sand under high stress is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) respectively carrying out normal stress single shear tests under 1500KPa, 3000KPa and 5000KPa on quartz sand with different relative compactness; wherein, a layered filling method is adopted during sample filling, 3 layers are divided, and the height and the quality of each layer are the same;
2) in the test process, when the shearing force tends to a stable value, the tested quartz sand sample is considered to be damaged, if the condition does not occur, the test is stopped when the shearing displacement reaches 20 percent;
3) according to the shear stress-shear strain relation curve in the test process, the maximum internal friction angle of the quartz sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stress is calculated by a coulomb formula
4) Then according to the vertical displacement variable d in the test processvAnd the amount of change d in horizontal displacementuIs represented by the formula psi ═ arctan- (d)v/du) Calculating the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the quartz sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,q；
5) Taking the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the quartz sand under corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,qAs abscissa, maximum internal friction angle
Drawing a series of data scattering points for the ordinate, performing linear fitting on the scattering points, and obtaining a straight line intercept which is the critical internal friction angle of the quartz sand
6) Determining the maximum internal friction angle of the quartz sand according to Bolton method
Critical internal friction angle
And maximum shear expansion angle psimax,qIs a relational expression of
The value of parameter b in (1);
7) taking the calcareous sand with the same grain composition as the quartz sand, and respectively carrying out normal stress single shear tests under 1500KPa, 3000KPa and 5000KPa on the calcareous sand with different relative compactness; wherein, a layered filling method is adopted during sample filling, 3 layers are divided, and the height and the quality of each layer are the same;
8) in the test process, when the shearing force tends to a stable value, the tested calcareous sandy soil sample is considered to be damaged, if the condition does not occur, the test is stopped when the shearing displacement reaches 20 percent; after each group of tests, the calcareous sandy soil sample is screened according to the shearThe change of the grain grading curve before and after cutting is carried out, the breakage rate of the sample is quantified by using a Hardin method, and the breakage rate Br is obtainedHOr quantifying the breakage rate of the sample by using a Marsal method to obtain the breakage rate BrM；
9) According to the shear stress-shear strain relation curve in the test process, the maximum internal friction angle of the calcareous sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stress is calculated by a coulomb formula
10) Then according to the vertical displacement variable d in the test processvAnd the amount of change d in horizontal displacementuIs represented by the formula psi ═ arctan- (d)v/du) Calculating the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the calcareous sand under the corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,c；
11) Taking the maximum shear expansion angle psi of the calcareous sand under corresponding relative compactness and normal stressmax,cAs abscissa, maximum internal friction angle
Drawing a series of data scatter points for the ordinate, performing linear fitting on the scatter points, and obtaining a straight line intercept which is the critical internal friction angle of the calcareous sand
12) According to the maximum internal friction angle of the calcareous sand
Maximum shear expansion angle psimax,cCritical internal friction angle
Introducing a crushing component f (Br) on the basis of the relation determined in step 6)H) I.e. by
Or introducing the fragmentation component f (Br) on the basis of the relation determined in step 6)M) I.e. by
Based on the results obtained in steps 8) to 11)
ψmax,c、
BrHBased on the values obtained in steps 8) to 11)
ψmax,c、
BrMThe numerical value of (A) is obtained:
or
The formulas (2) and (3) can be used for the shear strength analysis of the calcareous sand.
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