CN111055561B - Radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material - Google Patents

Radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material Download PDF

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CN111055561B
CN111055561B CN201911409216.2A CN201911409216A CN111055561B CN 111055561 B CN111055561 B CN 111055561B CN 201911409216 A CN201911409216 A CN 201911409216A CN 111055561 B CN111055561 B CN 111055561B
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explosion
layer
strength
composite material
radiation shielding
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CN111055561A (en
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翟向伟
林峰
刘超
金鸣
吴宜灿
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS
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    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
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    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
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Abstract

The invention discloses a radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material which is formed by laminating and compounding a high-strength anti-explosion and anti-elastic panel (made of titanium alloy), a high-strength anti-penetration ceramic layer (made of high-hardness boron carbide ceramic material), a buffering and energy-absorbing composite layer (composed of a first ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer, a closed-cell foam buffer layer and a second ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer) and a high-strength anti-explosion and anti-elastic back plate (made of titanium alloy). The composite material has the characteristics of light weight, explosion resistance, bulletproof property and radiation shielding by the design of lightweight, impact resistance and shielding integrated materials and the design of an energy absorption structure of the materials, and meanwhile, on the basis of not increasing the weight, the selected materials are adjusted10B abundance, and the adaptability to various shielding application requirements.

Description

Radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anti-explosion protection, in particular to a radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material. The invention realizes that the protective material has light weight, explosion-proof and bullet-proof and nuclear radiation shielding functions, and regulates and controls the radiation shielding capability under the condition of not increasing the weight.
Background
With the deep understanding of explosion hazards of people and the continuous and severe anti-terrorism situation in China and China, the application of explosion-proof materials is widely concerned at home and abroad.
The traditional explosion-proof material adopts reinforced concrete and steel plates for explosion-proof protection, but the attenuation of explosion impact is very limited, and the latest explosion-proof mechanism is to utilize the self characteristics of the material to absorb and dissipate the explosion impact wave. At present, the protective materials for explosion prevention mainly comprise bulletproof metal, ceramic matrix composite, fiber composite, graphite composite, bulletproof glass and the like, the commonly used composite structure is a sandwich composite structure, the energy absorption and buffering capacity of the composite structure is high, the composite structure is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, ships and the like, but with the continuous appearance of complex application scenes, the explosion-proof material with single function cannot meet the requirements of users, for example, the explosion-proof and bullet-proof material for transporting radioactive substances, and the original protective material cannot meet the radiation shielding requirements in radiation scenes. Meanwhile, in the integrated design of radiation shielding and explosion-proof and bullet-proof of explosion-proof materials, the radiation shielding capability needs to be adjusted according to the requirements of different application scenes.
The invention is based on a light-weight, anti-impact and radiation shielding coupling design method, the explosion-proof and anti-elastic composite material is optimally designed from the material design and structure design angles, and meanwhile, the composite material is matched with various shielding requirements under the condition of not increasing the weight by combining the action mechanism of the shielding material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material is provided, the radiation shielding capability of the anti-explosion material is improved, the light requirement of the material is ensured, the adjustment requirement of the shielding capability is met, and the adaptability of multi-scene radiation shielding of the anti-explosion material is realized. The composite material is widely applied to vehicle skins in spent fuel transportation and radiation environments, and is particularly suitable for a shelter of a containing body of a future movable reactor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:
the utility model provides a radiation shielding and light-duty combined material of antiknock integration which characterized in that: the high-strength bulletproof energy-saving composite material comprises a high-strength bulletproof panel (1), a high-strength bulletproof penetration-resistant ceramic layer (2), a buffering energy-absorbing composite layer (3) and a high-strength bulletproof back plate (4), wherein all the layers are stacked.
The high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof panel (1) is made of lightweight titanium alloy bullet-proof materials. The high-strength bulletproof penetration-resistant ceramic layer (2) is made of a lightweight high-hardness boron carbide ceramic material, and the boron carbide material is fine-grained boron carbide single-phase ceramic or layered B4The C-SiC complex phase ceramic or fiber toughened boron carbide ceramic material is mainly used as elastomer penetration resisting material in composite material, and in addition, the boron carbide10The B abundance is adjusted according to neutron shielding requirements.
The buffering and energy-absorbing composite layer (3) is composed of a first ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer, a closed-cell foam buffer layer and a second ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer, and the three materials are selected through light weight. The high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof back plate (4) is made of the same lightweight titanium alloy bullet-proof material as the high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof back plate (1), and all layers of materials are bonded in a laminating adhesive mode.
Further, the radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material is characterized in that: the composite materials are designed to resist radiation through radionuclide activity and material shielding calculation.
On the basis of the traditional anti-explosion material, the content of easily-activated elements in the composite material is strictly controlled, wherein the content of Co element in the composite material is less than or equal to 0.01 wt.%, and the content of Co element in the titanium alloy of the high-strength anti-explosion and anti-explosion panel (1) and the high-strength anti-explosion and anti-explosion back plate (4) is less than or equal to 0.03 wt.%.
The light composite material bulletproof penetration-resistant ceramic layer is designed to be a neutron absorbing material boron carbide, and can meet various radiation shielding application requirements under the condition that the thickness and the quality of the composite material are not changed. The mechanism of boron carbide radiation shielding is:
10B+1n→7Li+4He；
in the boron carbide, B has11B and10b two isotopes of which11B absorbs almost no neutrons, only10B absorbs neutrons to produce lithium and helium. Thus, by modifying the boron carbide material10B abundance, regulating the shielding ability of the material.
In addition, other laminate materials have excellent radiation shielding capabilities and low activation performance. The high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof panel (1) is made of a light-weight and low-activation titanium alloy material. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) adopted by the buffering and energy-absorbing composite layer (3) has excellent shielding performance of hydrogen atoms. The closed-cell foamed aluminum of the buffering and energy-absorbing composite layer (3) belongs to a low-activation material.
Further, the radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material is characterized in that: the light composite material is designed to be explosion-proof and bullet-proof while considering radiation shielding and light weight. The high-strength bulletproof penetration-resistant ceramic layer (2) is made of boron carbide materials, and is additionally provided with a traditional natural boron carbide material10B isotopic abundance to improve neutron absorption properties,10b abundance is determined according to actual radiation dose and a neutron calculation result, and is adjusted between 19.5% and 92% to meet different radiation resistance requirements; in addition, the titanium alloy adopted by the high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof panel (1) has the characteristics of high hardness and high strength, and the high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer, the closed-cell foam buffer layer and the second ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) adopted by the buffering and energy-absorbing composite layer (3) have the buffering characteristic.
In structural design, the composite material is optimally distributed on the basis of a laminated structure, and warheads are broken through the high-strength anti-explosion and anti-ballistic panel (1) and the high-strength bulletproof penetration-resistant ceramic layer (2), so that penetration of a projectile body is reduced; the buffering energy-absorbing composite layer (3) integrally absorbs and dissipates residual impact energy through energy absorption, stress wave transmission and strain hysteresis; the high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof panel (1) and the first high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer of the buffering energy absorption composite layer (3) have a coating effect, so that the integrity of the middle ceramic layer is maintained, and the ceramic is prevented from being cracked too early; the closed-cell foam buffer layer of the buffer energy-absorbing composite layer (3) is large in plastic strain range and design thickness, can effectively receive deformation of the composite layer at the outer side, and maintains structural integrity at the rear side.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the composite material has the characteristics of light weight, explosion resistance, bulletproof property and radiation shielding through the design of lightweight, impact resistance and shielding integrated materials and the design of an energy absorption structure of the materials. Compared with the traditional scheme, the radiation shielding capability of the anti-explosion material is improved, and meanwhile, the multi-scene application adaptability of the radiation shielding is improved through the shielding adjustment design of the neutron absorption material. The invention is beneficial to realizing the light weight and high shielding performance of the explosion-proof material.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a radiation shielding and anti-knock integrated lightweight composite material of the present invention.
The high-strength anti-explosion and anti-bullet composite material comprises (1) a high-strength anti-explosion and anti-bullet panel, (2) a high-strength anti-bullet penetration ceramic layer, (3) a buffering energy-absorbing composite layer and (4) a high-strength anti-explosion and anti-bullet back plate.
Fig. 2 is an exemplary embodiment of the radiation shielding and blast resistant integrated lightweight composite material of the present invention.
Wherein (1-1) is titanium alloy, (2-1) is fine-grained boron carbide single-phase ceramic, (3-1) is ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), (3-2) is closed-cell foamed aluminum, (3-3) is ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), and (4-1) is titanium alloy.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following examples.
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the features of the present invention are detailed as follows:
the radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material comprises a high-strength anti-explosion and anti-ballistic panel (1), a high-strength bulletproof penetration ceramic layer (2), a buffering and energy-absorbing composite layer (3) and a high-strength anti-explosion and anti-ballistic backboard (4), wherein all the layers are laminated.
The high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof panel (1) is made of lightweight titanium alloy bullet-proof materials (1-1).
The buffering and energy-absorbing composite layer (3) is composed of a first ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer (3-1), a closed-cell foamed aluminum buffer layer (3-2) and a second ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer (3-3), and all the three materials are selected through light weight. The high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof back plate (4) is made of the same lightweight titanium alloy bullet-proof material (4-1) as the high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof back plate (1). The materials of each layer are bonded by adopting a laminating adhesive mode.
The radiation-resistant design is carried out on the composite material through radionuclide activity and material shielding calculation, on the basis of the traditional anti-explosion material, easily-activated elements in the composite material are strictly controlled, wherein the content of Co in the composite material is less than or equal to 0.01 wt.%, the content of Co in titanium alloys of the high-strength anti-explosion and anti-bullet panel (1) and the high-strength anti-explosion and anti-bullet back plate (4) is less than or equal to 0.03 wt.%, and other element components of the titanium alloys are the same as those in the prior art, so that the activation capability of the material is reduced, and the radiation resistance of the material is improved.
The light composite material is designed to be explosion-proof and bullet-proof while considering radiation shielding and light weight, the high-strength bulletproof penetration-proof ceramic layer (2) is designed to be fine-grain boron carbide single-phase ceramic (2-1), and a boron carbide material is adopted, so that the light composite material is additionally provided with a traditional natural boron carbide material10B isotopic abundance to improve neutron absorption properties,10b abundance is determined according to actual radiation dose and a neutron calculation result, and is adjusted between 19.5% and 92% to meet different radiation resistance requirements; the structural high-strength bulletproof penetration-resistant ceramic layer (2) is coated by the high-strength explosion-proof and bulletproof panel (1) and the ductile material of the first high-molecular-weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer of the buffering energy-absorbing composite layer (3), the integrity of the ceramic layer is maintained, the ceramic is prevented from being cracked too early, and the comprehensive capacity of explosion resistance and radiation shielding is improved.
For example, in the intense radiation field of a reactor, of boron carbide material10The abundance ratio of B is controlled to be 90-92%, and the total B amount is 76.02-77.92 wt%; of boron carbide materials in the context of weak radiation in aerospace10The abundance ratio of B is controlled to be 19.5-20.1%, and the total B content is 76.02-79.08 wt.%. To be provided with10Abundance of B92% boron carbide material is taken as an example, boric acid and graphite obtained by enrichment by a chemical exchange rectification method are smelted and micronized to obtain powder, then the powder is prepared into blocks by a hot isostatic pressing machine, and the hot isostatic pressing preparation method has the following process parameters: high temperature 1500-1600 deg.c, high pressure 180-200 MPa and heat preservation for 40 min. The fracture toughness of the obtained boron carbide material is more than or equal to 7.42MPa/m22.65 times of the traditional boron carbide.
According to an optional embodiment of the radiation shielding and anti-explosion integrated light composite material, the high-strength anti-explosion panel (1) is 1.9-2.1 mm thick, the high-strength bulletproof penetration-resistant ceramic layer (2) is 6.0-6.4 mm thick, the first ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer (3-1) is 1.9-2.1 mm thick, the closed-cell foamed aluminum buffer layer (3-2) is 18-22 mm thick, the second ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer is 1.9-2.1 mm thick, and the high-strength anti-explosion backboard (4) is 1.9-2.1 mm thick, and all the layers are stacked. The energy absorption effect can be ensured to be maximum under the action of explosive load and penetration of the projectile body, and the anti-explosion and anti-ballistic capabilities can reach 3 times of that of steel with equal thickness. In addition, the composite material has radiation shielding capacity10B abundance regulating radiation shielding ability, boron carbide in composite material10The B abundance is 92%, and the neutron radiation resistance is 3.5 times of that of steel with equal thickness.
The invention has not been described in detail and is within the skill of the art.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the description is made in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such descriptions are merely for clarity and so persons skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described in the various embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a radiation shielding and light-duty combined material of antiknock integration which characterized in that: the composite material is formed by laminating and compounding a high-strength anti-explosion and anti-ballistic panel (1), a high-strength bulletproof penetration ceramic layer (2), a buffering and energy-absorbing composite layer (3) and a high-strength anti-explosion and anti-ballistic backboard (4);
the high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof panel (1) and the high-strength explosion-proof and bullet-proof back plate (4) are made of lightweight titanium alloy bulletproof materials;
the energy-absorbing composite layer (3) is composed of a first ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer, a closed cell foam buffer layer and a second ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer, the closed cell foam buffer layer is made of foamed aluminum or foamed titanium, and the three layers of materials of the energy-absorbing composite layer (3) are selected through light weight.
2. The radiation shielding and anti-knock integrated lightweight composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-strength bulletproof penetration-resistant ceramic layer (2) is made of a lightweight high-hardness boron carbide ceramic material, and the boron carbide material is fine-grained boron carbide single-phase ceramic or layered B4C-SiC complex phase ceramics or fiber toughened boron carbide ceramics.
3. The radiation shielding and anti-knock integrated lightweight composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the layers of the composite material are bonded by adopting a laminating adhesive mode.
4. The radiation shielding and antiknock integrated lightweight composite material of claim 1, further comprising: the content of Co in the integrated light composite material is less than or equal to 0.01 wt%, wherein the content of Co in the titanium alloy material adopted by the high-strength anti-explosion and anti-ballistic panel (1) and the high-strength anti-explosion and anti-ballistic backboard (4) is less than or equal to 0.03 wt%.
5. The radiation shielding and antiknock integrated lightweight composite material of claim 1, further comprising: in component, the high-strength bulletproof penetration-resistant ceramic layer (2) adopts enrichment10B, wherein the boron carbide10The abundance of B is adjustable between 19.5 and 92 percent; structurally, the high-strength bulletproof penetration-resistant ceramic layer (2) is coated by the high-strength bulletproof panel (1) and the first high-molecular-weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) layer ductile material of the buffering energy-absorbing composite layer (3).
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CN111678383B (en) * 2020-06-18 2022-07-08 远科秦皇岛节能环保科技开发有限公司 Preparation method and application of fullerene-based composite bulletproof armor
CN112174672B (en) * 2020-09-03 2022-09-23 香河星通科技有限公司 Preparation method of boron carbide composite ceramic plate and bulletproof flashboard
CN113639604B (en) * 2021-06-29 2022-04-08 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Composite core sandwich cylinder explosion-proof structure
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