CN111045269A

CN111045269A - Photonic crystal color changing device, color changing method, shell and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN111045269A
Application number: CN201911403362.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨鑫
Original assignee: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-31
Filing date: 2019-12-31
Publication date: 2020-04-21

Abstract

The application discloses a photonic crystal color changing device, a color changing method, a shell and electronic equipment. Specifically, the present application provides a photonic crystal color-changing device, including: the photonic crystal color changing layer comprises a photonic crystal sublayer and an electrolyte sublayer which are arranged in a stacked mode, the photonic crystal sublayer comprises a photonic crystal medium and a plurality of photonic crystal particles which are distributed in the photonic crystal medium at intervals, and the color of the photonic crystal sublayer can be changed along with the change of voltage between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer. Therefore, the photonic crystal color changing device has rich appearance effect.

Description

Photonic crystal color changing device, color changing method, shell and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of electronic equipment manufacturing, in particular to a photonic crystal color changing device, a color changing method, a shell and electronic equipment.

Background

With the continuous development of information technology, electronic devices are applied more and more widely in daily life. Consumers are pursuing diversification of functions of electronic products and also have increasingly high demands on appearance, texture, and the like of electronic products. The appearance shell of the current electronic device is generally composed of a supporting substrate (such as a glass substrate) and some decorative films, and a color layer and a transfer texture layer can be printed on the decorative films, or a coating layer and the like can be formed through film system design, so as to present specific color and texture effects. Once the appearance shell is prepared, the appearance color is fixed and invariable, so that the appearance shell is difficult to meet various requirements of users.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application is based on the discovery and recognition by the inventors of the following facts and problems:

the photonic crystal is an artificial microstructure formed by periodically arranging media with different refractive indexes. Because light is diffracted and refracted in the periodic structure of the photonic crystal material, light with certain wavelengths cannot pass through, and the photonic crystal reflects light with certain wavelengths, a certain color is generated. At present, the synthesized nano-microspheres are coated on a base material by a special film forming method, and the nano-microspheres are closely arranged on the base material, so that the photonic crystals with specific colors can be formed. The nano microspheres in the photonic crystal are photonic crystal particles, gaps among the nano microspheres are photonic crystal media, and the photonic crystal media can be air or can be formed by materials with different refractive indexes from those of the photonic crystal particles. Under the action of an electric field, a photonic crystal medium formed by some materials can undergo a chemical reaction, such as an oxidation-reduction reaction, and the like, and the physical properties of the photonic crystal medium can change accordingly, such as the volume of the photonic crystal medium shrinks or expands, the refractive index of the photonic crystal medium changes, and the like, so that the distance between photonic crystal particles is increased or decreased, the reflectivity of the photonic crystal particles to light rays with different wavelengths changes, and the color changes.

The inventor finds that the appearance shell of the current electronic equipment can not meet the requirements of users. For example, once the appearance shell manufactured by the method of arranging the appearance membrane is prepared, the appearance color is fixed and invariable, the dynamic effect cannot be realized, and the interaction with a user is lacked; although some methods may realize color change of the appearance shell by using electrochromic materials, photochromic materials, dye liquid crystals, or the like, the materials all present different colors by using chemical absorption characteristics of the photochromic materials or the dichroic dyes, the color effect that can be presented is relatively limited, the color change effect that can be realized is also relatively limited, generally, two colors are changed (for example, from colorless and transparent to red, and the like), and the materials have poor recycling performance and poor color change stability. The inventor finds that if the photonic crystal discoloring device is formed by applying the photonic crystal to the appearance shell for manufacturing the electronic equipment, the appearance effect of the appearance shell can be greatly enriched, the discoloring stability of the appearance shell can be improved, and the problems can be solved to a great extent.

The present application is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.

In one aspect of the present application, a photonic crystal color changing apparatus is presented. According to some examples of the present application, the photonic crystal color changing apparatus includes: the photonic crystal color changing layer comprises a photonic crystal sub-layer and an electrolyte sub-layer which are arranged in a stacked mode, the photonic crystal sub-layer comprises a photonic crystal medium and a plurality of photonic crystal particles distributed in the photonic crystal medium at intervals, and the color of the photonic crystal sub-layer can be changed along with the change of voltage between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer. Therefore, the photonic crystal sublayer can simply and conveniently realize rich and stable color change effects, and the photonic crystal color changing device has rich appearance effects.

In another aspect of the present application, the present application provides a method for controlling the photonic crystal color changing apparatus described above to change color. According to some examples of the application, the method comprises: applying a voltage to the photonic crystal discoloration layer through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer; and the photonic crystal medium in the photonic crystal sub-layer is subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of the voltage, the volume of the photonic crystal medium is changed, the intervals among a plurality of photonic crystal particles in the photonic crystal sub-layer are changed, and the color of the photonic crystal sub-layer is changed. Therefore, the photonic crystal color changing layer can be simply and conveniently controlled to change color by controlling the voltage between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer.

In another aspect of the present application, a housing is presented. According to some examples of the present application, the housing includes the photonic crystal color changing apparatus described above. Therefore, the shell has all the characteristics and beneficial effects of the photonic crystal color-changing device, and the description is omitted. Generally speaking, the shell has rich and stable color change effect and good appearance effect.

In yet another aspect of the present application, an electronic device is presented. According to some examples of the present application, the electronic device includes: the photonic crystal color changing device described above; the control circuit is used for controlling the photonic crystal color changing device to change color according to the running state of the electronic equipment; a screen for displaying information. Therefore, the electronic equipment has all the characteristics and advantages of the photonic crystal color-changing device, and the description is omitted. In general, the electronic equipment has good appearance effect and use effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a photonic crystal color changing apparatus according to some examples of the present application;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a photonic crystal color changing apparatus according to further examples of the present application;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a photonic crystal color-changing apparatus according to further examples of the present application;

FIG. 4 illustrates a method flow diagram of a color changing method according to some examples of the present application;

FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic structural view of a housing according to some examples of the present application;

FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic structural view of a housing according to further examples of the present application; and

FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to further examples of the present application.

Description of reference numerals:

100: a first substrate; 200: a second substrate; 300: a first conductive layer; 400: a second conductive layer; 500: sealing glue; 600: a photonic crystal color changing layer; 610: a photonic crystal sublayer; 611: photonic crystal particles; 612: a photonic crystal medium; 620: an electrolyte sublayer; 630: a spacer; 1000: a photonic crystal color changing device; 1100: an optical texture layer; 1200: covering the bottom layer; 2000: a housing; 3000: an electronic device.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

In one aspect of the present application, a photonic crystal color changing apparatus is presented. According to some examples of the present application, referring to fig. 1, the photonic crystal color changing apparatus 1000 includes: the photonic crystal color-changing layer 600 comprises a photonic crystal sublayer 610 and an electrolyte sublayer 620 which are arranged in a stacked manner, the photonic crystal sublayer 610 comprises a photonic crystal medium 612 and a plurality of photonic crystal particles 611 which are distributed in the photonic crystal medium 612 at intervals, wherein the color of the photonic crystal sublayer 610 can be changed along with the change of the voltage between the first conducting layer 300 and the second conducting layer 400. Therefore, the photonic crystal sublayer 610 can simply realize rich and stable color change effect, and the photonic crystal color-changing device 1000 has rich appearance effect.

For convenience of understanding, the following description is provided for the principle of the photonic crystal color-changing device of the present application to achieve the above technical effects:

as mentioned above, the appearance effect of the appearance housing of the current electronic device cannot meet the requirement of the user. The photonic crystal color changing device can be used for preparing an appearance shell of electronic equipment, and can simply and conveniently realize continuous and stable color changing effect. Specifically, the photonic crystal color changing layer of the photonic crystal color changing device comprises a photonic crystal sublayer and an electrolyte sublayer, wherein the photonic crystal sublayer comprises a solid photonic crystal medium film layer and a plurality of photonic crystal particles dispersed in the photonic crystal medium film layer, the electrolyte sublayer comprises an electrolyte, and the electrolyte sublayer can be in a gel state or a liquid state. Specifically, when a voltage is applied to the photonic crystal discoloring layer through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, under the action of an electric field, ions or electrons in the electrolyte layer may enter the photonic crystal sub-layer, so that a chemical reaction, such as an oxidation-reduction reaction, occurs in the photonic crystal medium in the photonic crystal sub-layer, and a physical property of the photonic crystal medium changes accordingly, such as a volume of the photonic crystal medium contracts or expands, a refractive index of the photonic crystal medium changes, and the like, thereby increasing or decreasing a distance between photonic crystal particles, and changing a reflectance of the photonic crystal particles to light with different wavelengths, thereby changing a color. For example, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, in fig. 1, the arrangement of the photonic crystal particles 611 in the photonic crystal medium 612 in the initial state is shown, when a voltage is applied to the photonic crystal discoloring layer 600 through the first conductive layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400, under the action of an electric field, ions or electrons in the electrolyte layer 620 may enter the photonic crystal sub-layer 610, so that the photonic crystal medium 612 in the photonic crystal sub-layer 610 undergoes a chemical reaction, such as an oxidation-reduction reaction, and the like, and the physical properties of the photonic crystal medium 612 change accordingly, such as the volume of the photonic crystal medium 612 shrinks or expands, the refractive index of the photonic crystal medium 612 changes, and the like, so that the distance between the photonic crystal particles 611 becomes larger or smaller (refer to fig. 2), and the reflectivity of the photonic crystal particles 611 to light rays with different wavelengths changes, thereby producing a color change. That is, the color and color change produced by the photonic crystal color changing device in the present application is the structural color produced by the reflection of light by the arrangement of photonic crystal particles. Therefore, the photonic crystal color-changing device of the application can control the voltage between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer, the color of the photonic crystal color changing layer can be simply controlled to change, and the color change of the photonic crystal color changing layer is continuous and reversible, for example, by controlling the voltage between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer, the color of the photonic crystal discoloring layer can be in a certain wavelength range, e.g., 380-750nm, and thus, the color effect and the color change effect of the photonic crystal color changing layer are very rich, for example, when positive pressure is applied to one side of the photonic crystal color changing layer, the photonic crystal color changing layer changes color, and when negative pressure is applied, the color returns to the initial state, for example, if the initial state 0V is red, in the process of increasing voltage, the color can gradually change from red → orange → green → blue. Also, when a negative voltage is applied, the color may gradually return from blue to the original red. Therefore, the color change of the photonic crystal color changing device is reversible, and the color changing stability is good.

The following describes the structure of the photonic crystal color-changing apparatus 1000 in detail according to an example of the present application:

according to some examples of the present application, referring to fig. 1, specific materials of the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 are not particularly limited as long as one of the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 is formed of a transparent material, and thus, a color of the photonic crystal discoloration layer 600 may be represented through the first conductive layer 300 and the transparent first substrate 100, or a color of the photonic crystal discoloration layer 600 may be represented through the second conductive layer 400 and the transparent second substrate 200. Specifically, the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 may be hard substrates or flexible substrates, and when the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 are hard substrates, the photonic crystal color-changing device 1000 may be directly used as an appearance shell of an electronic device, and has not only a good appearance effect, but also a good supporting effect; when the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 are flexible substrates, the photonic crystal color changing device 1000 is a flexible appearance membrane, and the photonic crystal color changing device 1000 can be attached to one side of the hard base facing the inside of the electronic device, so as to form a housing with a good appearance effect. Specifically, the material forming the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 may include at least one of glass, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, and polycarbonate. Therefore, the service performance of the photonic crystal color-changing device 1000 is further improved.

According to some examples of the present application, a specific material forming the first and second

conductive layers

300 and 400 is not particularly limited as long as one of the first and second

conductive layers

300 and 400 is formed of a transparent material, and thus, the color of the photonic crystal discoloration layer 600 may be presented through the transparent first conductive layer 300 and the transparent first or

second substrate

100 or 200, or may be presented through the transparent second conductive layer 400 and the transparent second or

second substrate

200 or 200. Specifically, the material forming the first conductive layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400 may include at least one of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide. Thus, the first conductive layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400 may have good conductivity and high transparency.

According to some examples of the present application, the sealant 500 is disposed between the first conductive layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400, and the sealant 500 defines a sealed receiving space (not shown) between the first conductive layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400. Thus, the accommodating space can be used to accommodate the photonic crystal particles 611, the photonic crystal medium 612, the electrolyte layer 620, and the like. Specifically, the specific material of the sealant 500 is not particularly limited as long as it has a good sealing effect.

According to some examples of the present application, the receiving space has a photonic crystal discoloration layer 600 therein, and the photonic crystal discoloration layer 600 includes a photonic crystal sub-layer 610 and an electrolyte sub-layer 620 which are stacked. Specifically, the plurality of photonic crystal particles 611 have a uniform particle size and are distributed in the photonic crystal medium 612 more regularly, thereby forming the photonic crystal sub-layer 610 having a three-dimensional photonic crystal structure. According to some examples of the present application, the photonic crystal coloration layer 600 may have a thickness of 10-200 μm, for example, 20 μm, 50 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 120 μm, 150 μm, 180 μm, and the like. Therefore, when the thickness of the photonic crystal color changing layer 600 is within the above range, the color changing effect is good, and the use performance of the photonic crystal color changing device 1000 is further improved.

According to some examples of the present application, photonic crystal sub-layer 610 may have a thickness of 1-30 μm, such as 5-15 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, and the like. Thus, when the thickness of photonic crystal sub-layer 610 is within the above range, photonic crystal sub-layer 610 has a better color change effect. When the thickness of the photonic crystal sub-layer 610 is too small (for example, less than 1 μm), the number of stacked photonic crystal particles 611 is small, and it is difficult to form a good photonic crystal effect; when the thickness of photonic crystal sub-layer 610 is too large (e.g., greater than 30 μm), since photonic crystal medium 612 is an electrochemically responsive medium (i.e., oxidation reaction occurs under voltage), the electrochemical response process requires ions to inject photonic crystal medium 612 from electrolyte layer 620, and the excessively thick photonic crystal sub-layer 610 may result in a slow response speed of photonic crystal medium 612 and inconsistent response of the photonic crystal medium at different positions along the thickness of photonic crystal sub-layer 610, thereby causing inconsistent color change of photonic crystal sub-layer 610.

Specifically, the material forming the photonic crystal particle 611 is not particularly limited, and for example, the photonic crystal particle 611 may include: at least one of silicon dioxide nano-microspheres, polystyrene nano-microspheres, silicon dioxide coated zinc sulfide nano-microspheres and silicon dioxide coated ferroferric oxide nano-microspheres. Therefore, the photonic crystal particles 611 are rich in variety and simple to prepare. Specifically, the particle size of the photonic crystal particle 611 may be 50 to 500nm, for example, 80nm, 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, and the like, and the particle sizes of the plurality of photonic crystal particles 611 are uniform, so that when the particle size of the photonic crystal particle 611 is within the above range, the formed photonic crystal sub-layer 610 may better reflect light, exhibit a certain color, and may change color.

Specifically, the material forming the photonic crystal medium 612 is not particularly limited, for example, the material forming the photonic crystal medium 612 may include Polyferrocenesilane (PFS) and the like, the photonic crystal medium 612 formed by the material has a good electrochemical response characteristic, when a voltage is applied to the photonic crystal discoloring layer 600, the photonic crystal medium 612 is easily oxidized and undergoes a swelling reaction, the volume of the photonic crystal medium 612 is shrunk, and thus the distance between the photonic crystal particles 611 is increased, the refractive index of the photonic crystal medium 612 is also changed, and the reflection peak of the photonic crystal particles 611 is shifted, so that the color is changed.

According to some examples of the present application, electrolyte layer 620 may provide ions or electrons to photonic crystal medium 612 such that photonic crystal medium 612 undergoes a chemical reaction, such as a redox reaction or the like, upon application of a voltage. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 620 may be in a liquid or gel state; specifically, the electrolyte layer 620 may include a substrate and an electrolyte salt, and the electrolyte salt may include at least one of a lithium salt, a sodium salt, and a quaternary ammonium salt; more specifically, the material forming the lithium salt may include: at least one of lithium perchlorate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate; the sodium salt forming material may include at least one of sodium chloride, sodium perchlorate; the material forming the quaternary ammonium salt may include at least one of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate and tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate. Thus, electrolyte layer 620 formed of the above-described material can preferably supply ions or electrons to photonic crystal medium 612, and promote chemical reaction of photonic crystal medium 612 when a voltage is applied.

According to some examples of the present application, referring to fig. 3, the photonic crystal discoloration layer 600 may further include spacers (spacers) 630, the spacers 630 being disposed in the receiving space, a height of the spacers 630 being equal to a distance between the first conductive layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400. Therefore, the spacer 630 has a better supporting effect, can maintain the structural stability of the photonic crystal discoloring layer 600, and forms a loose and porous structure between the photonic crystal sub-layer 610 and the electrolyte layer 620, thereby being beneficial to the injection and extraction of ions in the electrochemical reaction and relieving the stress generated in the volume change process. Specifically, the material forming the spacer 630 is not particularly limited, and for example, the material forming the spacer 630 may include: at least one of silica microspheres and transparent photoresist material. Therefore, the spacer 630 formed by the above materials not only can better support the photonic crystal discoloring layer 600, but also does not affect the color of the photonic crystal discoloring layer 600.

According to some examples of the present application, the photonic crystal color-changing device 1000 may further include a flexible circuit board (not shown), one end of the flexible circuit board may be electrically connected to the first conductive layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400, and the other end of the flexible circuit board is electrically connected to the control circuit. Therefore, the first conductive layer 300 and the second conductive layer 400 can be easily connected to a control circuit of an electronic device or the like through the flexible circuit board, and the electronic device can easily control the photonic crystal color-changing device 1000 to change color.

In another aspect of the present application, the present application provides a method for controlling the photonic crystal color changing apparatus described above to change color. According to some examples of the present application, referring to fig. 4, the method includes:

s100: applying a voltage to the photonic crystal discoloration layer through the first and second conductive layers

In this step, a voltage is applied to the photonic crystal coloration layer through the first and second electrically conductive layers. Specifically, as described above, the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the control circuit in the electronic device can be electrically connected by the flexible circuit board in the photonic crystal color changing apparatus, whereby the electronic device can easily apply a voltage to the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. Specifically, the applied voltage may include a direct current voltage of 0-10V. Therefore, the voltage range is favorable for the photonic crystal color changing layer to change color well, the voltage is low, the electrochromic device is favorable for being integrated in electronic equipment such as a mobile phone for use, and the operation is simple and convenient.

S200: color change of photonic crystal sub-layer

In the step, the photonic crystal medium in the photonic crystal sub-layer is subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of voltage, the volume of the photonic crystal medium is changed, the distance among a plurality of photonic crystal particles in the photonic crystal sub-layer is changed, and the color of the photonic crystal sub-layer is changed. Therefore, the photonic crystal color changing layer can be simply and conveniently controlled to change color by controlling the voltage between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer.

According to some examples of the present application, referring to fig. 5, the case 2000 may further include an optical texture layer 1100 and a cover substrate 1200, the optical texture layer 1100 may be disposed on a side of the first substrate 100 of the photonic crystal color changing device 1000 away from the first conductive layer 200, and the cover substrate 1200 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 200 of the photonic crystal color changing device 1000 away from the second conductive layer 400. The optical texture layer 1100 may further enhance the appearance of the housing 2000, and specifically, the optical texture layer 1100 may be formed by nanoimprinting or the like. Specifically, black or white cover bottom ink may be silk-screened or sprayed on the side of the second substrate 200 away from the second conductive layer 400 to form the cover bottom layer 1200, and the cover bottom layer 1200 may improve the overall reflectivity of the second substrate 200 and may enhance the effect of presenting the reflected color of the photonic crystal color changing layer 600. It should be noted that, when the cover substrate 1200 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 200 away from the second conductive layer 400, the color and the color change effect of the photonic crystal color changing apparatus 1000 can be shown through the transparent first conductive layer 200, the first substrate 100 and the optical texture layer 1100.

According to some examples of the present application, referring to fig. 6, the first substrate and the second substrate (not shown in the figures) of the photonic crystal color changing apparatus 1000 may both be flexible substrates, and the housing 2000 may further include: the shell base 1300 and the photonic crystal color-changing device 1000 are attached to at least a part of the surface of the shell base 1300. This can easily realize a color change effect on a part or the entire surface of the case 2000.

In yet another aspect of the present application, an electronic device is presented. According to some examples of the present application, referring to fig. 7, the electronic device 3000 includes: the photonic crystal color changing device, the control circuit and the screen (not shown in the figures) are arranged in the electronic equipment, the control circuit is used for controlling the photonic crystal color changing device to change color according to the running state of the electronic equipment, and the screen is used for displaying information. Therefore, the electronic equipment has all the characteristics and advantages of the photonic crystal color-changing device, and the description is omitted. In general, the electronic equipment has good appearance effect and use effect.

For example, the electronic device may be any of various types of computer system devices that are mobile or portable and that perform wireless communications. In particular, the electronic device may be a mobile or smart phone (e.g., iPhone-based, Android-based phone), a portable gaming device (e.g., Nintendo DS, playstatio portable, Gameboy Advance, iPhone), a laptop, a PDA, a portable internet device, a music player, and a data storage device, other handheld devices, and a headset such as a watch, an in-ear headphone, a pendant, a headset, etc., and other wearable devices (e.g., a Head Mounted Device (HMD) such as electronic necklace, electronic garment, electronic bracelet, electronic necklace, electronic tattoo, electronic device, or smart watch).

In some cases, the electronic device may perform a variety of functions (e.g., playing music, displaying videos, storing pictures, and receiving and sending telephone calls). If desired, the electronic device may be a portable device such as a cellular telephone, media player, other handheld device, wristwatch device, pendant device, earpiece device, or other compact portable device.

In the description herein, references to the description of the terms "some examples" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least some examples or examples of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photonic crystal color changing apparatus, comprising:

the photonic crystal color changing layer comprises a photonic crystal sub-layer and an electrolyte sub-layer which are arranged in a stacked mode, the photonic crystal sub-layer comprises a photonic crystal medium and a plurality of photonic crystal particles distributed in the photonic crystal medium at intervals, and the color of the photonic crystal sub-layer can be changed along with the change of voltage between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer.

2. The photonic crystal color changing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are rigid substrates or flexible substrates, and a material forming the first substrate and the second substrate includes at least one of glass, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, and polycarbonate.

3. The photonic crystal color changing apparatus of claim 1, wherein a material forming the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer comprises: at least one of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide.

4. The photonic crystal color-changing device according to claim 1, wherein the photonic crystal particles have a particle size of 50 to 500 nm.

5. The photonic crystal color-changing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the photonic crystal particles comprise: at least one of silicon dioxide nano-microspheres, polystyrene nano-microspheres, silicon dioxide coated zinc sulfide nano-microspheres and silicon dioxide coated ferroferric oxide nano-microspheres.

6. The photonic crystal color-changing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the material forming the photonic crystal medium comprises: poly-ferrocenylsilane.

7. The photonic crystal color changing device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the photonic crystal color changing layer is 10 to 200 μm.

8. The photonic crystal color changing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the photonic crystal sub-layer has a thickness of 1 to 30 μm.

9. The photonic crystal color changing device according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer comprises a substrate and an electrolyte salt, the electrolyte salt comprising at least one of a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a quaternary ammonium salt;

optionally, the material forming the lithium salt comprises: at least one of lithium perchlorate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate; the material for forming the sodium salt comprises at least one of sodium chloride and sodium perchlorate; the material for forming the quaternary ammonium salt comprises at least one of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate and tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate;

optionally, the electrolyte layer is in a liquid or gel state.

10. The photonic crystal color changing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the photonic crystal color changing layer further comprises:

the spacer is arranged in the accommodating space, and the height of the spacer is equal to the distance between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer;

optionally, the spacer is formed from a material comprising: at least one of silica microspheres and transparent photoresist material.

11. The photonic crystal color changing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:

one end of the flexible circuit board is electrically connected with the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer, and the other end of the flexible circuit board is electrically connected with a control circuit.

12. A method for controlling the photonic crystal color-changing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11 to change color, comprising:

applying a voltage to the photonic crystal discoloration layer through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer;

and the photonic crystal medium in the photonic crystal sub-layer is subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of the voltage, the volume of the photonic crystal medium is changed, the intervals among a plurality of photonic crystal particles in the photonic crystal sub-layer are changed, and the color of the photonic crystal sub-layer is changed.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the voltage comprises a dc voltage of 0-10V.

14. A housing comprising the photonic crystal color changing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 11.

15. The housing of claim 14, further comprising:

the optical texture layer is arranged on one side, far away from the first conducting layer, of the first substrate of the photonic crystal color changing device;

and the bottom covering ink layer is arranged on one side, far away from the second conducting layer, of the second substrate of the photonic crystal color changing device.

16. The housing of claim 14, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate of the photonic crystal color changing device are both flexible substrates, the housing further comprising:

the photonic crystal color changing device is attached to at least one part of the surface of the shell substrate.

17. An electronic device, comprising:

the photonic crystal color changing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 11;

the control circuit is used for controlling the photonic crystal color changing device to change color according to the running state of the electronic equipment;

a screen for displaying information.