CN111034406A

CN111034406A - Soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang

Info

Publication number: CN111034406A
Application number: CN201911265737.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王惠; 刘林; 张霞; 孟兆良; 裴凡龙
Original assignee: Qingdao Jiudian Intelligent Agriculture Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Jiudian Intelligent Agriculture Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-11
Filing date: 2019-12-11
Publication date: 2020-04-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil conditioning. According to the soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, three conditioners are adopted to be matched with each other and mutually promoted, so that the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil can be achieved, the content of organic matters in the saline-alkali soil can be increased, the activity of rice root systems can be stimulated, the growth of rice can be promoted, the stress resistance can be increased, and the yield can be improved.

Description

Soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil conditioning, and particularly relates to a soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang.

Background

The root cause of the formation of saline-alkali soil: under natural conditions, the soluble salts are redistributed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the soil, so that the salts are slowly accumulated on the surface layer of the soil until the salt exceeds a normal level value. The factors influencing the soil salt accumulation in Xinjiang are various, and are not only related to the salt content contained in the soil matrix, but also have great relation with the external natural geography and ecological environment.

The European continental land plate in Xinjiang is an area which is the most arid in China, has the widest soil salinization distribution area, the most salinization types and the heaviest soil salt accumulation, and is rare in rainfall and strong in evaporation, so the European continental land plate is called a world museum of saline and alkaline land. According to statistics in 2001, the area of saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang is 2184.4 ten thousand hectares, which accounts for 22.01% of the total area of saline-alkali soil in China, in the farmland of 407 ten thousand hectares in Xinjiang, the farmland damaged by salinization of different degrees accounts for 122.88 ten thousand hectares, 30.12% of the total farmland area and 63.20% of the low-yield farmland area, wherein the low-yield farmland threatened by moderate and severe salinization accounts for 22.06% of the total farmland; in 1031 ten thousand hectares of suitable agricultural wasteland, the area limited by salt and alkali is 515.11 thousand hectares, which occupies 49.93 percent of the total area.

Except that the soil in parts of Ili river valley, Aleptai area and Tacheng area has less salt, other areas have salinization with different degrees, and the salinization and desertification coexist, the salt accumulation and surface aggregation are stronger, the soil salt component is complex, and the like.

The rice is a acidophilic plant, and researches show that part of rice varieties have certain saline-alkali resistance and can grow in saline-alkali soil, but the growth vigor is weak. Research shows that after the soil conditioner is added, soil activity can be effectively increased, and soil salinity can be reduced, but research areas aim at weak saline-alkali areas, saline-alkali treatment in Xinjiang areas is serious, and the current mode of rotary tillage applying of the single rice planting soil conditioner to soil cannot meet production requirements, so that the research on the method for conditioning the soil of rice planted in the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang is particularly important.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) scraping off a 0-5cm salt layer on the ground by using a bulldozer about 20 days before planting to expose a planting soil layer;

(2) after 35-40cm of planting soil is dug, spreading the soil with an isolating agent, wherein the using amount of the isolating agent per mu of soil is 3-4 tons; the laying of the release agent is uniform, and the thickness of the release agent is about 2 cm;

(3) after the isolating agent is laid, the excavated soil and the conditioner are fully and uniformly stirred, and then the soil is backfilled to the isolating layer and compacted, wherein the dosage per mu is 400 kg and 600 kg;

(4) leveling the land in the field to +/-3 cm, and then soaking the field in large water;

(5) after the field soaking is finished, uniformly spreading the nutrient in the field with the dosage of 90-100kg per mu, pulping, leveling and waiting for transplanting rice seedlings.

(6) And after transplanting, performing the rice transplanting according to a conventional rice management mode.

① separant containing 5% of nutrients (calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium sulfate, etc.), 60% of organic matter (livestock and straw fermented product, fish product waste, etc.), and water (pH 7);

② conditioner contains nutrient (silicon oxide, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, etc.) 8%, organic matter (livestock and straw fermented product, humic acid, organic acid, vitamins, etc.) 70%, and water in balance, and has pH of 3.5;

③ nutrient contains nutrient (phosphorus pentoxide, calcium sulfate, potassium oxide, etc.) 8%, organic matter (fermented product of domestic animals and straws, humic acid, organic acid, etc.) 75%, and water (pH 5.5).

The release agent can adopt the following products: Dongdan-No. 1, Dongdan Dibao, Dongdan-Fudi, etc.;

the conditioning agent can adopt the following products: yuanyongmei, Yuanyong No. 2, Yuanyong fertilizer, etc.;

the nutrient can adopt the following products: funong No. 1, Hexi agent.

The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:

the method is used for conditioning the soil for planting the rice in the saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang, the salt content in the soil is obviously reduced, and the rice yield is obviously improved; therefore, the method for conditioning the saline-alkali soil can effectively reduce the saline-alkali content of the soil, reduce the pH value of the soil and is beneficial to increasing the yield of crops.

According to the conditioning method disclosed by the invention, the separant, the conditioner and the nutritional agent interact and promote each other, so that the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil can be achieved, the content of organic matters in the saline-alkali soil can be increased, the activity of the root system of the rice can be stimulated, the growth of the rice can be promoted, the stress resistance can be increased, and the yield can be increased.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

The specific case is as follows:

experimental group field one: the experiment field is carried out by selecting Xinjiang saline-alkali soil, the salt content of the surface layer of the soil is 5.6 per mill, and the pH value is 8.83. Raising seedlings at the beginning of 4 months, scraping a 0-5cm salt layer on the ground by using a bulldozer about 20 days before planting to expose a planting soil layer; after 35-40cm of planting soil is dug, spreading the soil with an isolating agent, wherein the using amount of the isolating agent per mu of soil is 3-4 tons; the laying of the release agent is uniform, and the thickness of the release agent is about 2 cm; after the isolating agent is laid, the excavated soil and the conditioner are fully and uniformly stirred, and then the soil is backfilled to the isolating layer and compacted, wherein the dosage per mu is 400 kg and 600 kg; leveling the land in the field to +/-3 cm, and then soaking the field in large water; after the field soaking is finished, uniformly spreading the nutrient in the field with the dosage of 90-100kg per mu, pulping, leveling and waiting for transplanting rice seedlings. Planting management is carried out according to a conventional rice management mode, harvesting is carried out at the beginning of 10 months, the yield of the rice is measured to be 560.23kg per mu, the salt and alkali content of the soil is detected to be 2.6 per thousand, and the pH value is 7.93.

Experimental group field two: and the site selection of the experimental plot II is carried out on a plot similar to the plot I, the soil index is the same as that of the experimental group plot I, and the operation mode is the same as that of the plot I. The yield of the rice is 548.47kg per mu, the soil salt content is detected to be 2.9 per thousand, and the pH value is 7.88.

Control group: selecting a plot similar to the experimental plot for the control plot, wherein the soil index is the same as that of the experimental plot; raising seedlings at the beginning of 4 months, scraping a 0-5cm salt layer on the ground by a bulldozer about 20 days before planting, and leaking a planting soil layer; leveling the land in the field to +/-3 cm, and then soaking the field in large water; after the field soaking is finished, pulping is carried out, and after leveling, transplanting is waited. Planting management is carried out according to a conventional rice management mode, harvesting is carried out at the beginning of 10 months, and the rice yield is measured and is 271.58kg per mu; and detecting the salt and alkali content of the soil, wherein the salt content of the soil is detected to be 4.3 per mill, and the pH value is 8.27.

Compared with a control group, the experimental group has the advantages that the rice yield is obviously improved, the saline-alkali content of the soil is obviously reduced, and the saline-alkali content of the soil can be effectively reduced, the pH value of the soil is reduced, and the yield of crops is increased.

The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) scraping off a salt layer of 0-5cm on the ground 20 days before planting to expose a planting soil layer;

(2) after 35-40cm of planting soil layer is dug, spreading the soil layer with an isolating agent uniformly;

(3) after the release agent is paved, the excavated soil and the conditioner are fully and uniformly stirred, backfilled to the release agent layer and compacted;

(5) after the field soaking is finished, uniformly spreading the nutrient in the field, pulping, leveling and waiting for transplanting rice seedlings;

2. The soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang according to claim 1,

the nutrient content of the separant is 5%, the organic matter content is 60%, the balance of water is, and the pH value is 7; the nutrients in the separant comprise calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and potassium sulfate, and the organic matters comprise livestock manure, straw fermentation products and fish product waste.

3. The soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang according to claim 1,

the conditioner contains 8% of nutrient, 70% of organic matter and the balance of water, wherein the pH value is 3.5; the nutrients in the conditioner comprise silicon oxide, potassium sulfate and calcium sulfate; the organic matter comprises livestock manure, straw fermentation products, humic acid, organic acid and vitamins.

4. The soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang according to claim 1,

the nutrient contains 8% of nutrient, 75% of organic matter and the balance of water, and the pH value is 5.5; the nutrient in the nutrient comprises phosphorus pentoxide, calcium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium oxide; the organic matter comprises livestock manure, straw fermentation products, humic acid and organic acid.

5. The soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang according to any one of claims 1 to 4,

the dosage of the separant in the step (2) is 3-4 tons/mu, and the thickness of the separant is 2 cm.

6. The soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang according to any one of claims 1 to 4,

the dosage of the conditioner in the step (3) is 400-600 kg/mu.

7. The soil conditioning method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang according to any one of claims 1 to 4,

the dosage of the nutritional agent in the step (5) is 90-100 kg/mu.