CN111032812B - 双组分溶剂类粘合剂组合物和其制造方法 - Google Patents

双组分溶剂类粘合剂组合物和其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111032812B
CN111032812B CN201780094258.4A CN201780094258A CN111032812B CN 111032812 B CN111032812 B CN 111032812B CN 201780094258 A CN201780094258 A CN 201780094258A CN 111032812 B CN111032812 B CN 111032812B
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component
polyol
adhesive composition
aromatic polyisocyanate
polyurethane adhesive
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CN111032812A (zh
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陈高兵
白晨艳
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
Rohm and Haas Co
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
Rohm and Haas Co
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

本公开提供一种双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物，其包括芳香族多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分，所述多元醇组分包括至少一种聚酯多元醇以及具有两个或更多个OH基团和一个氢桥基的多元醇。

Description

双组分溶剂类粘合剂组合物和其制造方法
技术领域
本公开涉及双组分粘合剂组合物。更确切地说，本公开涉及用于层压膜中的双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物，以及制造所述组合物的方法。所述组合物具有改进的粘结强度、热封强度和耐热性。
背景技术
粘合剂组合物适用于多种目的。举例来说，粘合剂组合物用于将基材，例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、金属、纸或塞璐芬(cellophane)粘结在一起以形成复合膜，即，层压材料。粘合剂在不同层压最终使用应用中的用途是通常已知的。举例来说，粘合剂可以用于制造用于包装工业，尤其用于食品包装的膜/膜和膜/箔层压材料。
常规的双组分聚氨酯类层压粘合剂包含包括多异氰酸酯的第一组分和包括一种或多种多元醇的第二组分。第一组分通过使二异氰酸酯单体与多元醇反应来获得。第二组分是聚酯多元醇或聚醚多元醇或其混合物。每一组分可以任选地包含一种或多种添加剂。在施用于膜/箔基材上之前，将两种组分以预定比例组合，并且接着将所述组合层压到另一个膜/箔基材上。
双组分聚氨酯类层压粘合剂通常含有溶剂以使黏度降低到应用目的所需的水平，并且提供较高初始粘结和较高最终粘结强度。然而，热处理之后粘合剂的粘结强度和热封强度有时不如预期的好。
期望开发即使在热处理之后仍具有改进的粘结强度和热封强度的粘合剂。
发明内容
本公开提供一种双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物，其包括芳香族多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分，所述多元醇组分包括至少一种聚酯多元醇以及具有两个或更多个OH基团和一个氢桥基的多元醇。
具体实施方式
根据本公开的双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物包括多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分。
多异氰酸酯组分
多异氰酸酯组分是芳香族多异氰酸酯加合物或三聚物。
芳香族多异氰酸酯加合物通过使过量芳香族二异氰酸酯与分子量小于400的低分子量二醇和多元醇反应来制备，所述二醇和多元醇例如三羟甲基丙烷、丙三醇、1,2-二羟基丙烷以及其混合物。可商购的芳香族多异氰酸酯是来自科思创公司(Covestro)的DesmodurL75。
芳香族多异氰酸酯三聚物通过在催化剂存在下使芳香族二异氰酸酯三聚化来制备。可商购的芳香族多异氰酸酯是来自科思创公司的Desmodur L1470。
如本文所用，“二异氰酸酯单体”是每分子含有两个异氰酸酯基的任何化合物。“芳香族二异氰酸酯单体”是含有一个或多个芳香族环的二异氰酸酯单体。
芳香族二异氰酸酯单体的合适的实例包含但不限于亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(“MDI”)的异构体，例如4,4-MDI和2,4-MDI；甲苯二异氰酸(“TDI”)的异构体，例如2,4-TDI、2,6-TDI，萘二异氰酸酯(“NDI”)的异构体，例如1,5-NDI；以及其组合。
分子量小于400的二醇和多元醇的合适的实例包含但不限于二甘醇、乙二醇、三甘醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和新戊二醇、三甲基丙烷(TMP)、甘油和季戊四醇。
多异氰酸酯组分由参数“％NCO”表征，其为以多异氰酸酯组分的重量计的按重量计的NCO基团量。参数％NCO根据ASTM D 2572-97(2010)来测量。本公开的多异氰酸酯组分的％NCO为至少7重量％、或至少9重量％、或至少11重量％。在一些实施方案中，异氰酸酯组分的％NCO不超过19重量％、或17重量％、或15重量％。
多异氰酸酯组分的平均NCO官能度为至少2.8并且不超过5(即，2.8≤f≤5)。
多异氰酸酯组分的固体含量为至少50％，并且使用乙酸乙酯或酮作为溶剂。
多异氰酸酯组分可以任选地包括一种或多种催化剂。催化剂的合适的实例包含但不限于二月桂酸二丁基锡、乙酸锌、2,2-二吗啉基二乙基醚以及其组合。
多元醇组分
双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物进一步包括多元醇组分，其包括至少一种聚酯多元醇以及具有两个或更多个OH基团和一个氢桥基的多元醇。
以多元醇组分的重量计，多元醇组分中聚酯多元醇的量是按重量计至少78重量％、或至少80重量％、或至少82重量％。以多元醇组分的重量计，多元醇组分中聚酯多元醇的量是按重量计不超过99重量％、或97重量％、或95重量％。
适合用于多元醇组分的聚酯多元醇的分子量为至少4,000g/mol。另外，合适的聚酯多元醇的OH官能度为至少1.8并且不超过3(即，1.8≤f≤3)，并且其OH数在2-45mg KOH/g之间。“OH数”由相当于一公克多元醇中羟基含量的氢氧化钾毫克数表征。
适合用于本公开中的聚酯多元醇是已知的二醇以及任选的多元醇(例如三醇、四醇)与二羧酸的缩聚物。聚酯多元醇还可衍生自二羧酸、其相对应的酸酐或相对应的低级醇酯。
合适的二醇包含但不限于乙二醇、丁二醇、二乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、聚烷二醇(例如聚乙二醇)，以及1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和新戊二醇。为了得到OH官能度大于2的聚酯多元醇，OH官能度为3的多元醇可以任选地包含于粘合剂组合物中(例如三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、赤藻糖醇、季戊四醇、三羟甲基苯(trimethylolbenzene)或异氰脲酸三羟乙酯)。
合适的二羧酸包含但不限于脂肪族酸、芳香族酸以及其组合。合适的芳香族酸的实例包含邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸和四氢邻苯二甲酸。合适的脂肪族酸的实例包含六氢邻苯二甲酸、环己二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、戊二酸、四氯邻苯二甲酸、顺丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、衣康酸、丙二酸、辛二酸、2-甲基丁二酸、3,3-二乙基戊二酸、2,2-二甲基丁二酸和偏苯三甲酸。也可以使用此类酸的酸酐。此外，应使所公开组合物中的单羧酸，例如苯甲酸和己烷甲酸减到最少或得到排除。饱和脂肪族或芳香族酸，例如己二酸或间苯二甲酸是优选的。
多元醇组分进一步包括在多元醇分子链末端处具有两个或更多个OH基团并且在侧分子链中具有至少一个氢桥基的多元醇。氢桥基的合适的实例包含但不限于O＝C-Oˉ、O＝C-C-Oˉ和O＝C-C＝C-Oˉ，以及其质子化形式。具有两个或更多个OH基团和一个氢桥基的多元醇的酸值为至少50mg KOH/g并且不超过200mg KOH/g。另外，这种多元醇的分子量为至少600g/mol并且不超过3,000g/mol。更进一步地，这种多元醇的OH官能度为至少1.8并且不超过3(即，1.8≤f≤3)。
以多元醇组分的重量计，多元醇组分中的具有两个或更多个OH基团和一个氢桥基的多元醇的量是按重量计至少1重量％、或至少3重量％、或至少5重量％。以多元醇组分的重量计，多元醇组分中的具有两个或更多个OH基团和一个氢桥基的多元醇的量是按重量计不超过22重量％、或20重量％、或18重量％。
多元醇组分与多异氰酸酯组分的重量比是100:15到100:40。
预期所公开的双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物的多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分可以单独制造，并且必要时可以单独储存，直到期望使用粘合剂组合物为止。在一些实施方案中，多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分在25℃下皆各自为液体。当期望使用粘合剂组合物时，使多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分彼此接触并且混合在一起。预期当使这两种组分接触时，开始固化反应，其中异氰酸酯基与羟基反应以形成俺基甲酸酯键。通过使两种组分接触而形成的粘合剂组合物可以称作“可固化混合物”。
还公开一种使用粘合剂组合物形成层压材料的方法。在一些实施方案中，粘合剂组合物，例如上文所论述的粘合剂组合物，处于液态。在一些实施方案中，组合物在25℃下是液体。即使组合物在25℃下是固体，仍可接受的是视需要加热组合物以使其处于液态。将一层组合物施用于膜的表面。“膜”是在一个维度中为0.5mm或更小并且在其它两个维度中均为1cm或更大的任何结构。聚合物膜是由聚合物或聚合物的混合物制成的膜。在一些实施方案中，可固化混合物的层的厚度为1到5μm。
在一些实施方案中，使另一个膜的表面与可固化混合物的层接触以形成未固化的层压材料。
接着将可固化混合物固化或使其固化。未固化的层压材料可以经受压力，例如通过穿过夹辊，所述轧辊可经过或可不经加热。可以加热未固化的层压材料以加速固化反应。
合适的膜包含纸、织造和非织造织物、金属箔、聚合物和经过金属涂布的聚合物。膜任选地具有在其上用墨水印刷图像的表面；所述墨水可以与粘合剂组合物接触。在一些实施方案中，膜是聚合物膜和经过金属涂布之聚合物膜，更优选地是聚合物膜。
实施例
本公开现将通过说明性实施例和比较例(统称为“实施例”)进一步详细加以解释。然而，本公开的范围当然不限于实施例中所阐述的调配物。而是，实施例仅说明本公开。
组合物制备
用于制备实施例的原料描述于下文。
多异氰酸酯组分：
DESMODURTM L75是NCO官能度为3(f＝3)的芳香族多异氰酸酯；其具有75％固体含量并以EA为溶剂；并且其可商购自科思创公司。
ADCOTETM CR750是NCO官能度为2(f＝2)的芳香族多异氰酸酯；其具有75％固体含量并以EA为溶剂；并且其可商购自陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemical company)。
DESMODURTM N3300是NCO官能度为2.8至5(2.8≤f≤5)的脂肪族多异氰酸酯；其具有100％固体含量；并且其可商购自科思创公司。
多元醇组分：
ADCOTETM 563EA是OH＝26mg KOH/g的聚酯多元醇，并且具有82％固体含量并以EA为溶剂；其可商购自陶氏化学公司，
DMPATM HA-0135是具有两个或更多个OH基团和一个氢桥基的多元醇；其OH数为115mg KOH/g；其具有100％固体含量；并且其可商购自GEO Speciality Chemicals。
为了制备说明性实施例和比较例，根据表1中说明的配对混合异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分，以形成实施例的粘合剂组合物。
接着使用实施例的粘合剂组合物形成包括聚乙烯和预层压铝箔(PET//箔)的层压材料。将粘合剂组合物以3.0gsm干涂层重量施用于铝面上，使其与聚乙烯膜结合在一起，并且接着在50℃下固化48小时以形成层压材料。一旦形成层压材料，则进行测试以分析粘结强度、热封强度和耐用水袋内蒸煮性。
表1：IE和CE的粘合剂组合物
Figure GDA0003669088800000061
*以多元醇组分的总重量计的重量百分比。
备注：所有实施例在施用前皆由EA稀释达到30％固体含量。
层压材料性能测试
对由实施例的粘合剂组合物制备的层压材料进行粘结强度测试(BS)。将层压材料切割成15mm宽条带，以使用购自英斯特朗公司(Instron Corporation)的5940系列单柱桌面***(5940Series Single Column Table Top System)以250mm/min十字头速度进行T型剥离测试。在测试期间，用手轻轻拉动每一条带的尾部，以确保尾部与剥离方向保持90°角度。对每一样品测试三个条带，并且计算平均值。结果以N/15mm为单位。相对较高值指示较好的粘结强度。
对由实施例的粘合剂组合物制备的层压材料进行热封强度测试(HS)。将层压材料在可购自Brugger Feinmechanik GmbH的HSG-C热封机中在140℃密封温度和300N压力下热封1秒。接着使层压材料冷却并且将其切割成15mm宽条带，以使用购自英斯特朗公司的5940系列单柱桌面***以250mm/min十字头速度进行热封强度测试。对每一样品测试三个条带，并且计算平均值。结果以N/15mm为单位。相对较高值指示较好的热封强度。
对由实施例的粘合剂组合物制备的层压材料进行耐袋内蒸煮性测试(BiB)。将层压材料切割成8cm×12cm的片，并且经由在袋内有水的情况下热封来制成袋。接着将袋放入沸水中持续30分钟，确保在整个煮沸过程期间袋始终浸没于水中。在完成煮沸过程后记录袋的隧穿，分层和/或泄漏的程度。对于通过耐袋内蒸煮性测试的样品，其必须未展示出隧穿、分层或泄漏的迹象。接着将袋打开，倒空并且切割成15mm宽条带，以在5分钟内通过英斯特朗公司5943机器测试T型剥离粘结强度。测试三个条带以取得平均值。
表2：性能测试结果
Figure GDA0003669088800000071
IE1-5是使用官能度为3的芳香族多异氰酸酯并且含有具有氢桥基的多元醇的本发明实施例，并且IE1-5展示出改进的粘结强度，尤其在热处理(袋内蒸煮)之后的热封强度。而比较例5展示出热处理之后的粘结强度和热封强度较差，其使用官能度为3的芳香族多异氰酸酯而无具有氢桥基的多元醇。CE1和CE2是使用官能度为2的芳香族多异氰酸酯的实施例，其展示出更差的性能。CE3和CE4是使用官能度超过3的脂肪族多异氰酸酯的实施例，其也展示出较差的性能。

Claims (8)

1.一种双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物，其包括芳香族多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分，所述多元醇组分包括至少一种聚酯多元醇以及在多元醇分子链末端处具有两个或更多个OH基团和在侧分子链中具有一个氢桥基的多元醇；
其中所述芳香族多异氰酸酯组分的平均NCO官能度为至少2.8并且不超过5，其中所述芳香族多异氰酸酯组分是芳香族多异氰酸酯加合物或芳香族多异氰酸酯三聚物，其由选自亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯MDI的异构体、甲苯二异氰酸TDI的异构体、萘二异氰酸酯NDI的异构体及其组合的芳香族二异氰酸酯单体制备；
所述聚酯多元醇的OH官能度为至少1.8并且不超过3，并且OH数在2至45 mg KOH/g之间；并且所述在多元醇分子链末端处具有两个或更多个OH基团和在侧分子链中具有一个氢桥基的多元醇的酸值为至少50 mg KOH/g并且不超过200 mg KOH/g，并且OH官能度为至少1.8并且不超过3，
其中所述多元醇组分与所述芳香族多异氰酸酯组分的重量比为100:15至100:40。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物，其中所述芳香族二异氰酸酯单体为甲苯二异氰酸TDI的异构体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物，其中所述芳香族多异氰酸酯组分的%NCO为至少7重量%并且不超过19重量%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物，其中以所述多元醇组分的重量计，所述聚酯多元醇的量是至少78重量%到小于99重量%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物，其中所述氢桥基选自O=C-Oˉ、O=C-C-Oˉ和O=C-C=C-Oˉ，以及其质子化形式。
6.根据权利要求1所述的双组分聚氨酯粘合剂组合物，其中以所述多元醇组分的重量计，所述在多元醇分子链末端处具有两个或更多个OH基团和在侧分子链中具有一个氢桥基的多元醇的量是至少1重量%到小于22重量%。
7.一种可固化混合物，其包括根据权利要求1所述的芳香族多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分。
8.一种层压材料，其包括根据权利要求7所述的可固化混合物。
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CN111032812A (zh) 2020-04-17
EP3679106A4 (en) 2021-04-14
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EP3679106B1 (en) 2024-06-26
AR112988A1 (es) 2020-01-15
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