CN111030402B

CN111030402B - Directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor

Info

Publication number: CN111030402B
Application number: CN201811172425.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄思伦
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-10-09
Filing date: 2018-10-09
Publication date: 2022-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-09
Also published as: WO2020073804A1; CN111030402A

Abstract

The invention discloses a directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, at least comprising: a rotating shaft; the stator element comprises two bases and a plurality of electromagnetic elements, the plurality of electromagnetic elements are arranged on the inner sides of the two bases, and each electromagnetic element consists of an iron core and a winding group; the two rotor elements are arranged on the outer side of the stator element base, each rotor element is composed of a magnetic conduction disc and a plurality of permanent magnets embedded in the magnetic conduction disc at intervals, each permanent magnet is fan-shaped, one side of each fan-shaped permanent magnet in the circumferential direction is an N pole, the other side of each fan-shaped permanent magnet in the circumferential direction is an S pole, every two permanent magnets are arranged in the same polarity mode, and the permanent magnets on the magnetic conduction discs in the rotor elements are arranged in the circumferential direction in a mode that different magnetic poles are opposite to each other; therefore, when the iron core winding group is electrified, the iron core, the magnetic yoke bases of the disc-shaped directional silicon steel sheets at the two ends of the iron core and the permanent magnets at the two sides of the iron core can form a complete magnetic loop, the magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit is reduced, the eddy current reducing effect is achieved, the size of the iron core is reduced, and the whole weight is reduced.

Description

Directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electromechanical transmission, in particular to an axial magnetic field motor with directional silicon steel sheets.

Background

The technical key points of the motor technology used for electric automobiles and electric airplanes at present are high specific power and large output power. The existing traditional motor has low power density under the condition of high power due to structural limitation, cannot meet the requirement of electric automobiles, electric airplanes and the like on high power density, and has the highest efficiency in all motors because permanent magnets are adopted for excitation, so that no power consumption exists; the magnetic flux density is high, and high torque is obtained, so that the motor can be small in size and light in weight.

Permanent magnet machines can be generally axial or radial. Advantages of axial permanent magnet (AFPM) machines over conventional radial permanent magnet machines include: high torque to weight ratio, high efficiency, adjustable air gap, balanced rotor to stator attraction, and better heat removal rate. They can be simply and compactly mounted on a wheel, are well suited for hubs, and are suitable for direct drive applications.

Axial field motors, also known as "disk motors", are motors in which the main magnetic field is oriented along the axis of rotation. The axial magnetic field motor is different from the common motor in that the magnetic flux direction is axial, the current-carrying conductors are placed in the radial direction, and the stator and the rotor iron core are in a disc structure. Axial flux machines have a specific positioning of the magnets, which lie in a plane parallel to the coils.

Existing axial permanent magnet motors may be single or double sided, with or without armature slots, with or without armature cores, with built-in or external permanent magnet rotors, surface mounted or internal permanent magnets, and single or multiple stage.

The double-sided salient poles have an outer stator or an outer rotor. The outer stator means fewer permanent magnets but the use of windings is poor, while the outer rotor is considered to be particularly advantageous for machine topologies. The topology of the double-sided Axial permanent magnet motor is one stator, two rotors (torus) and two stators, one Rotor, that is, an Axial Flux Inner Rotor (AFIR).

Fig. 7 (a) to 7 (d) are schematic diagrams showing the existing axial flux path and distribution, and the two-sided topology includes 4 types:

fig. 7 (a), axial Flux Inner Rotor (AFIR).

FIG. 7 (b), ring-shaped Wound inner Stator (Torul).

Fig. 7 (c), axial Flux inner Stator (Axial Flux Internal Stator, AFIS).

Fig. 7 (d), yokeless And Segmented Armature (YASA). Schematic views of their respective flux paths and their distribution of the main part can be seen in fig. 7 (a) to 7 (d). It can be seen from fig. 7 (a) to 7 (d) that the yoke of the rotor permanent magnet needs to have directivity, and the stator core needs to have directivity.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a stator element which is formed by a long strip iron core formed by a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and a disk-shaped base formed by laminating the directional silicon steel sheets at two ends of the long strip iron core, and a design structure which takes the directional silicon steel sheets embedded in a magnetic conduction disk as a rotor element, thereby reducing the magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit, achieving the effect of reducing eddy current, reducing the volume of the iron core and lightening the whole weight.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor comprises a rotating shaft; a stator component is connected on the rotating shaft and comprises two bases and a plurality of electromagnetic components, wherein each base is formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets into a disc shape, a plurality of through holes are formed in the bases at annular intervals, the plurality of electromagnetic components are formed by a strip-shaped iron core formed by a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and a winding group wound on the outer peripheral surface of the iron core, and fixing parts corresponding to the sizes of the through holes of the bases are arranged at two ends of each iron core and can be sleeved in the through holes of the bases; and two rotor elements which are arranged on two sides of the base of the stator element after passing through the rotating shaft, each rotor element is composed of two magnetic conductive discs and a plurality of permanent magnets, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the annular peripheral surface of each magnetic conductive disc at the same interval, the permanent magnets are embedded in the through holes, each permanent magnet is fan-shaped, one side of each fan-shaped in the circumferential direction is an N pole, the other side of each fan-shaped in the circumferential direction is an S pole, the adjacent two permanent magnets are N, N or S, S, the same polarity is arranged in the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnets on the magnetic conductive discs on two sides of the stator element are arranged in a mode that different magnetic poles (one side N, S and the other side S, N) are opposite to each other; therefore, when the iron core winding group is electrified, the iron core and the disc-shaped directional silicon steel sheet bases at the two ends of the iron core and the permanent magnets at the two sides of the iron core form a complete magnetic loop, the magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit is reduced, the eddy current reducing effect is achieved, the size of the iron core is reduced, and the whole weight is reduced.

In the above-described grain-oriented silicon steel sheet axial field motor, the permanent magnet width L, the gap Δ L between two adjacent permanent magnets, and the core width L1 are equal to half the permanent magnet width (L/2) + the gap Δ L between two adjacent permanent magnets, L1= (L/2) + Δ L.

In the above-described directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, the iron core, the two disk-shaped bases, and the two disk-shaped magnetic conductive disks in the stator element are made of directional silicon steel sheets (also referred to as single-oriented silicon steel sheets or oriented silicon steel sheets) having grain orientations along the rolling direction.

In the above-mentioned directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, each iron core in the stator element is parallel to the center of the rotating shaft and is uniformly distributed on the inner circumference of the disk-shaped base formed by stacking two directional silicon steel sheets at intervals along the axial direction of the rotating shaft.

In the above-described directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor, the elongated iron core may be one of a rectangular type and a circular type.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) The invention uses the iron core formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets, when the iron core winding group is electrified, the iron core, the disk-shaped directional silicon steel sheet bases at the two ends of the iron core and the permanent magnets at the two sides of the iron core can form a complete magnetic loop, the magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit is reduced, the effect of reducing eddy current is achieved, and meanwhile, the volume of the iron core is reduced, and the whole weight is lightened.

(2) The invention uses disc-shaped bases formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets at two ends of an iron core as magnetic Yoke (Yoke) bases, and has the function of reducing magnetic path loss.

(3) The rotor element of the invention is two circular magnetic conductive discs which are oppositely arranged, the magnetic conductive discs are formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and are used as magnetic conduction of permanent magnets, wherein a plurality of permanent magnets are embedded in the magnetic conductive discs, each permanent magnet is fan-shaped, one side of each fan-shaped permanent magnet in the circumferential direction is an N pole, the other side of each fan-shaped permanent magnet in the circumferential direction is an S pole, the adjacent two permanent magnets are N, N or S, S, the same polarity is arranged in the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnets on the magnetic conductive discs on two sides of the stator element are arranged in a mode that different magnetic poles (one side N, S and the other side S, N) are opposite to each other; therefore, no matter the permanent magnet rotates to any position, the permanent magnet can just correspond to the iron core, and the iron core is respectively close to the N pole and the S pole of the iron core, so that the permanent magnets corresponding to the two magnetic conduction disk rotor elements which are oppositely arranged just repel each other, and the magnetic flux passing through the iron core forms a complete magnetic loop through the inner base of the iron core. I.e. the N-pole and S-pole of the magnetic pole can form a complete magnetic circuit through the base in the rotor element.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a partially assembled cross-sectional view of a directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partially exploded perspective view of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a stator element and a rotor element assembly according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an exploded view of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are schematic views showing the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets in the rotor element of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the current passing through the winding set according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 (a) to 7 (d) are schematic views of various axial magnetic flux paths and distributions in the prior art.

Description of the symbols:

1-stator element

11 a-base

11 b-base

12-electromagnetic element

121-iron core

122-winding group

12 a-fixed part

12 b-fixed part

13 a-through hole

13 b-through hole

2 a-rotor element

21 a-magnetic conductive disc

22 a-permanent magnet

23 a-through hole

2 b-rotor element

21 b-magnetic conductive disc

22 b-permanent magnet

23 b-through hole

3-a rotating shaft.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Soft magnetic materials commonly used in industry are mainly electromagnetic steel sheets, generally called silicon steel sheets, which are classified into grain-oriented (grain-oriented) and non-oriented (grain non-oriented) types according to the crystal grain direction. The directional silicon steel is abbreviated as (CRGO), the silicon content of the directional silicon steel is about 3.2%, the arrangement direction of crystals is controlled by using a special rolling method, the optimal soft magnetic property is obtained along the rolling direction, the magnetic flux density of the directional silicon steel can be increased by 30% in the rolling direction, and the directional silicon steel is mainly applied to products such as high-efficiency transformers, electric motors and the like. Non-directional silicon steel is generally abbreviated as (CRNGO) and contains 2 to 3.5% of silicon, and has similar magnetic properties in all directions (isotropic), and is cheaper than directional silicon steel, and is applied to motors, generators, and the like in which the direction of magnetic flux is changed, and the efficiency is less important.

First, it is explained that the grain-oriented silicon steel sheet described in the following description of the present invention is a "crystal texture with crystal grain orientation along the rolling direction" silicon steel sheet, and is also referred to as a single-oriented silicon steel sheet, a grain-oriented silicon steel sheet, or an oriented silicon steel sheet.

The term "grain-oriented silicon steel sheet" in the present specification refers to a silicon steel sheet having a crystal texture in which crystal grains are oriented in the rolling direction.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an axial magnetic field motor of directional silicon steel sheet according to the present invention includes a stator element 1, two

rotor elements

2a and 2b disposed outside the stator element 1, a rotating shaft 3 assembled at the center of the two

rotor elements

2a and 2b, a base 4 assembled outside the stator element 1, and an upper cover 5 assembled at an opening of the base 4.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4 again, the stator element 1 includes two disk-shaped

bases

11a and 11b and a plurality of electromagnetic elements 12. The

bases

11a and 11b are formed by stacking a plurality of grain-oriented silicon steel sheets as yokes, and a plurality of through

holes

13a and 13b are formed in the

bases

11a and 11b at annular intervals. The electromagnetic element 12 includes a long iron core 121 made of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and a winding group 122 wound on the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 121, wherein square fixing

portions

12a and 12b corresponding to the sizes of the through

holes

13a and 13b of the

bases

11a and 11b are disposed at two ends of the iron core 121, and the fixing

portions

12a and 12b can be sleeved in the through

holes

13a and 13b of the

bases

11a and 11 b. In the embodiment, the iron core 121 is illustrated as a circular shape, but in the implementation of the present invention, the iron core may be a rectangular shape, a circular shape, or other shapes that can easily wind coils, and is not limited to a circular long strip shape.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the two

rotor elements

2a and 2b are disposed outside the

bases

11a and 11b of the stator element 1 after passing through the rotating shaft 3. Each

rotor element

2a, 2b includes a magnetic

conductive disk

21a, 21b and a plurality of

permanent magnets

22a, 22b, the magnetic

conductive disk

21a, 21b is formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets into a circular shape, a plurality of through

holes

23a, 23b are provided on the annular circumferential surface of each magnetic

conductive disk

21a, 21b at the same intervals, the permanent magnets 22a are embedded in the through

holes

23a, 23b of the magnetic

conductive disk

21a, 21b, as shown with reference to fig. 5 (a), 5 (b) and 6, wherein each

permanent magnet

22a, 22b is fan-shaped, one side of the fan-shaped is N-pole, the other side is S-pole, each two adjacent permanent magnets are N, N or S, S with the same polarity arranged in the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnets on the magnetic conductive disks of the two

rotor elements

2a, 2b are arranged in a manner of opposite magnetic poles (one side N, S, the other side is S, N).

As shown in fig. 3 and 6, in the present invention, through the structural design of the iron core 121 having the directional silicon steel sheets, the

yoke bases

11a and 11b of the directional silicon steel sheets with disc shapes at two ends thereof, and the magnetic

conductive discs

21a and 21b of the directional silicon steel sheets with embedded

permanent magnets

22a and 22b, when the winding group 122 of the iron core 121 is energized, each two iron cores 121, the

yoke bases

11a and 11b of the directional silicon steel sheets with disc shapes at two ends thereof, and the

permanent magnets

22a and 22b at two sides thereof form a complete magnetic loop, as shown in fig. 6, an eddy current reducing effect can be achieved, and meanwhile, the volume of the iron core is reduced, and the overall weight is reduced.

The invention relates to an axial magnetic field motor of a directional silicon steel sheet, which is a directional silicon steel sheet with a Gaussian texture (namely a structure with grain orientation of a crystal face of [110] and a crystal direction of [100 ]) produced by controlling a rolling direction and adopting a recrystallization technology. The directional silicon steel sheet is specially processed, so that when magnetic lines of force pass through along the rolling direction, the magnetic resistance is small, the magnetic permeability is good, and the volume of the iron core can be reduced by using the directional silicon steel sheet, so that the weight is reduced.

As shown in fig. 6, for the present invention, the two poles N, S of each permanent magnet provided in the

flux guiding disks

21a, 21b are both provided in such a manner that two phases of N, N poles are close or two phases of S, S poles are close to each other, and the permanent magnets of the

flux guiding disks

21a, 21b of the rotor elements 1 on both sides are provided in such a manner that different poles (N, S on one side and S, N on the other side) are opposed to each other.

In addition, the iron core 121 in the stator element 1 is formed of a plurality of grain-oriented silicon steel sheets, can reduce an eddy current effect, and is held by the disc-shaped

yoke bases

11a and 11b formed of one grain-oriented silicon steel sheet in common.

In the practice of the present invention, the iron core 121 may be made of, for example, iron powder die-cast having directionality or other conventional magnetic conductors having directionality, and the practice of the present invention is not hindered.

As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the plurality of iron cores 121 are uniformly distributed on the inner circumferences of the disk-shaped

bases

11a and 11b formed by stacking two directional silicon steel sheets at intervals along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 3 by parallel to the center of the rotating shaft 3, the width L of each permanent magnet in each magnetic

conductive disk

21a and 21b is equal to the gap Δ L between two adjacent permanent magnets, and the width L1 of the iron core is equal to half (L/2) of the width of the permanent magnet plus the gap Δ L between two adjacent permanent magnets, where L1= (L/2) + Δ L, as shown in fig. 6. In this embodiment, the number of the permanent magnets of the magnetic

conductive disks

21a and 21b is 6, the number of the electromagnetic elements 12 is 9, the number (b) of the electromagnetic elements 12 is divisible by 3, and the number (a) of the permanent magnets of each magnetic

conductive disk

21a and 21b divided by the number (b) of the electromagnetic elements 12 is less than or equal to 1.1 (a/b is less than or equal to 1.1), as shown in fig. 6.

Accordingly, since the iron cores 121 are uniformly arranged, the

permanent magnets

22a and 22b can be exactly corresponding to the iron cores 121 no matter where the

permanent magnets

22a and 22b rotate, and the iron cores 121 approach to the N pole and the S pole respectively, so that the permanent magnets corresponding to the magnetic

conductive discs

21a and 21b on the two sides are exactly mutually exclusive, and a complete magnetic circuit can be formed by the magnetic flux of the iron cores 121 passing through the magnetic yokes of the disc-shaped

bases

11a and 11b at the two ends of the iron cores 121. That is, the N pole and the S pole of the magnetic pole can constitute a complete magnetic circuit by the yokes of the disk-shaped

bases

11a, 11b at both ends of the iron core 121.

While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An axial magnetic field motor of directional silicon steel sheets at least comprises:

a rotating shaft;

a stator element assembled on the rotating shaft, comprising two bases and a plurality of electromagnetic elements, wherein each base is formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets to form a disc shape, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the base at annular intervals, the plurality of electromagnetic elements are formed by a strip-shaped iron core formed by a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and a winding group wound on the outer peripheral surface of the iron core, and two ends of each iron core are provided with fixing parts corresponding to the size of the through holes of the base and can be sleeved in the through holes of the base; and

two rotor elements, pass the spindle and set up outside the base of the stator element, every rotor element is formed by two magnetic conduction disks and multiple permanent magnets, have multiple through holes on the annular periphery of every magnetic conduction disk that is formed by the multiple directional silicon steel sheets are laminated, the permanent magnet is inlaid in the through hole, every permanent magnet is the fan-shaped, one side in the circumferential direction of the fan-shaped is the N pole, another side in the circumferential direction is the S pole, and every two adjacent permanent magnets are N, N or S, S the same polarity setting in the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnet on the magnetic conduction disk in the rotor element of both sides sets up in the way that the different magnetic poles are opposite to each other.

2. The grain-oriented silicon steel sheet axial field motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said permanent magnet width L, two adjacent permanent magnet gaps al, and core width L1 are equal to one half of the permanent magnet width L/2+ two adjacent permanent magnet gaps al, L1= (L/2) + al.

3. The grain-oriented silicon steel sheet axial field motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core of the stator member is made of grain-oriented silicon steel sheets having a grain orientation along a rolling direction.

4. The directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the cores of the stator member is parallel to the center of the rotation shaft and is uniformly spaced along the rotation shaft on the inner circumference of the disk-shaped base formed by stacking two directional silicon steel sheets.

5. The grain-oriented silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor according to claim 1, wherein the two disc-shaped bases in the stator member are made of grain-oriented silicon steel sheets oriented in a rolling direction.

6. The grain-oriented silicon steel sheet axial field motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein two circular magnetically permeable disks of said rotor element are made of grain-oriented silicon steel sheets having a grain orientation organized in a rolling direction.

7. The directional silicon steel sheet axial field motor according to claim 1, wherein said elongated iron core is one of rectangular or circular.