CN111019675B - Household garbage treatment system and method - Google Patents
Household garbage treatment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 293
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010849 combustible waste Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 73
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a household garbage treatment system and a household garbage treatment method. Wherein, domestic waste processing system includes: the device comprises a feeder, a bag breaker, a drum screen, a vibrating screen, a crushing and sorting machine, a drying device, a carbonization device, a shearing type shredder, a pyrolysis device, a cooling device and a combustion device. The system can efficiently separate organic garbage and combustible garbage in the household garbage, thereby achieving the purpose of dry-wet separation of the household garbage; the organic garbage is further dried and carbonized to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar; the combustible garbage is further pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon. The pyrolysis gas is combusted by the combustion system to generate hot air for heating the drying device, the carbonization device and the pyrolysis device, and no additional supplementary heat source is needed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a household garbage treatment system and method.
Background
In recent years, with the strengthening of people's environmental awareness and the successive release of increasingly strict national environmental regulations and policies, the "reduction, reclamation and harmlessness" of household garbage treatment and disposal has become the basic principle to be followed for solid waste treatment. For large and medium-sized cities, the main modes of household garbage treatment are centralized collection, centralized transportation and centralized treatment, and the adopted treatment modes mainly comprise sanitary landfill, incineration, composting, pyrolysis and the like. Although the technology of landfill is simple and mature, the construction and operation cost is low, the treatment capacity is large, but a large amount of land is occupied, site selection consideration factors are very complex, the recycling level is low, and landfill leachate and biogas treatment have certain difficulty; the garbage incineration is a process of carrying out high-temperature decomposition and deep oxidation on solid wastes, has the advantages of large volume reduction and decrement, capability of recovering heat energy and the like, but has serious secondary incineration pollution, especially the dioxin in the incineration flue gas causes harm to the environment and the human health, and some incineration treatment projects have to stop construction due to the strong opposition of people; the garbage composting treatment is mainly applied to rural garbage with higher organic matter content in China, straw waste and vast medium and small cities. Although the composting technology can effectively reduce the volume and the quantity to achieve the recycling effect, the composting has a plurality of problems due to the limitations of the composting technology, such as poor raw material adaptability, serious heavy metal pollution, poor sales of composting products and the like.
The household garbage is derived from daily life, food residues of diet, packaging bags of various devices and articles, packaging paper, a large amount of waste paper, textiles, waste metals and the like of family life, the garbage is complex in composition, most of the garbage is mixed garbage, and the yield of the household garbage is about 0.8-1 kg/person.d. At present, sanitary landfill is mainly used for household garbage treatment, and garbage incineration, composting and other modes are adopted as auxiliary materials. The waste incineration is mostly applied to the areas with developed economy in the south, and most areas in the north adopt landfill disposal. The garbage treatment method which only adopts a single treatment mode to treat garbage or combines landfill and incineration can not effectively carry out thorough harmless reduction treatment aiming at the characteristics of the garbage, or has low recycling level, or can not achieve good treatment effect even if secondary pollution is serious. Therefore, aiming at the characteristics of domestic garbage in China, a novel domestic garbage treatment method is needed to achieve the full recycling, reduction and harmless treatment of all components in the garbage.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, an object of the present invention is to propose a system and a method for the treatment of household waste. The technical scheme of the invention can efficiently separate the organic garbage and the combustible garbage in the household garbage, thereby achieving the purpose of dry-wet separation of the household garbage; the organic garbage is further dried and carbonized to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar; the combustible garbage is further pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon. The pyrolysis gas is combusted by the combustion system to generate hot air for heating the drying device, the carbonization device and the pyrolysis device, and no additional supplementary heat source is needed.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a household garbage disposal system. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the household garbage disposal system includes:
A feeder;
a bag breaker arranged above the feeder;
The rotary screen is provided with a first garbage inlet, a first combustible garbage outlet and a first separated garbage outlet, and the first garbage inlet is connected with the feeder;
The vibrating screen is provided with a second garbage inlet, a second combustible garbage outlet and a second separated garbage outlet, and the second garbage inlet is connected with the second separated garbage outlet;
The crushing separator is provided with a third garbage inlet, a third combustible garbage outlet and a third separated garbage outlet, and the third garbage inlet is connected with the third separated garbage outlet;
The drying device is provided with a garbage inlet to be dried, a first heat medium inlet, a tail gas outlet and a dried garbage outlet, and the garbage inlet to be dried is connected with the third separated garbage outlet;
The carbonization device is provided with a dry garbage inlet, a second heat medium outlet, a first pyrolysis gas outlet and a biochar outlet, wherein the dry garbage inlet is connected with the dry garbage outlet, and the second heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet;
The shearing shredder is provided with a combustible waste inlet and a shredded waste outlet, and the combustible waste inlet is connected with the first combustible waste outlet, the second combustible waste outlet and the third combustible waste outlet;
the pyrolysis device is provided with a shredded garbage inlet, a third heat medium outlet, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis charcoal outlet, wherein the shredded garbage inlet is connected with the shredded garbage outlet, and the third heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet;
the cooling device is provided with a pyrolysis oil gas inlet, a second pyrolysis gas outlet and a pyrolysis oil outlet, and the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet;
The combustion device is provided with a fourth heat medium inlet and a fourth heat medium outlet, the fourth heat medium inlet is connected with the first pyrolysis gas outlet and the second pyrolysis gas outlet, and the fourth heat medium outlet is connected with the second heat medium inlet and the third heat medium inlet.
According to the household garbage treatment system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the household garbage to be treated is firstly supplied to the drum screen by the feeder for first sorting treatment, and the bag breaking machine arranged above the feeder is used for breaking bags of the household garbage to be treated in the conveying process of the feeder. The drum screen has the function of separating and obtaining large-block combustible garbage, and the large-block combustible garbage (namely first combustible garbage) in the household garbage to be treated can be separated from the screen by utilizing the drum screen to carry out first separation treatment; further, the undersize (i.e., first separated garbage, mainly organic garbage) obtained by the drum screen separation enters a vibrating screen for second separation treatment, the vibrating screen has the function of separating combustible garbage, the combustible garbage (i.e., second combustible garbage) is separated from the screen, the undersize (i.e., second separated garbage, mainly organic garbage) enters a crushing separator for third separation treatment, the crushing separator can separate light combustible garbage (i.e., third combustible garbage) through high-speed centrifugal separation, and the rest part of garbage can be pulped in the crushing separator to obtain third separated garbage (mainly organic garbage). And drying the third sorted garbage by a drying device, and then, carbonizing the garbage in a carbonizing device to obtain a first pyrolysis gas and biochar product. On the other hand, the combustible garbage separated by the rotary screen, the vibrating screen and the crushing separator is sent to the shearing shredder together for shredding, then sent to the pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis oil gas, and the pyrolysis oil gas is cooled into second pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil products by the cooling device. Subsequently, the first pyrolysis gas and the second pyrolysis gas are combusted by the combustion device to obtain a high-temperature medium (hot air), and the high-temperature medium can be used as a heat source of the drying device, the carbonization device and the pyrolysis device. Therefore, the household garbage treatment system can effectively separate organic garbage and combustible garbage in household garbage, and achieves the aim of dry-wet separation of the household garbage; the organic garbage is further dried and carbonized to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar; the combustible garbage is further pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon. The pyrolysis gas is combusted by the combustion system to generate hot air for heating the drying device, the carbonization device and the pyrolysis device, and no additional supplementary heat source is needed.
In addition, the household garbage disposal system according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the second waste inlet is connected to the first sorted waste outlet by a first conveyor over which a first magnetic separator is disposed.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the combustible waste inlet is connected to the first combustible waste outlet, the second combustible waste outlet and the third combustible waste outlet through a second conveying device, and a second magnetic separator is arranged above the second conveying device.
In some embodiments of the invention, the drum screen is provided with a screen hole with the aperture of 90-120 mm;
in some embodiments of the invention, the vibrating screen is provided with a screen hole with a diameter of 40-70 mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the crushing classifier is a vertical centrifugal classifier and has sieve holes with a diameter of 10-20 mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, the household garbage disposal system further comprises: and the tail gas treatment device is connected with the tail gas outlet.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for treating household garbage, which is implemented by using the household garbage treatment system of the above embodiment. According to the embodiment of the invention, the household garbage treatment method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1) breaking bags of household garbage to be treated, and then feeding the household garbage to be treated into a drum screen for first sorting treatment to obtain first combustible garbage and first sorted garbage;
feeding the first separated garbage into a vibrating screen for second separation treatment to obtain second combustible garbage and second separated garbage;
feeding the second separated garbage into a crushing separator for third separation treatment to obtain third combustible garbage and third separated garbage;
feeding the third separated garbage into a drying device for drying treatment to obtain dried garbage and tail gas;
the dry garbage is fed into a carbonization device for carbonization treatment, so as to obtain biochar and first pyrolysis gas;
The first combustible garbage, the second combustible garbage and the third combustible garbage are supplied to a shearing shredder for shearing and shredding, so that shredded garbage is obtained;
the shredded garbage is supplied to a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment, and pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon are obtained;
the pyrolysis oil gas is supplied to a cooling device for cooling treatment, so that pyrolysis oil and second pyrolysis gas are obtained;
And supplying the first pyrolysis gas and the second pyrolysis gas into a combustion device for combustion to obtain a high-temperature medium, and using the high-temperature medium for carbonization treatment, pyrolysis treatment and drying treatment.
According to the household garbage treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the household garbage to be treated is firstly supplied to the rotary screen by the feeder for first sorting treatment, and the bag breaking machine arranged above the feeder is used for breaking bags of the household garbage to be treated in the conveying process of the feeder. The drum screen has the function of separating and obtaining large-block combustible garbage, and the large-block combustible garbage (namely first combustible garbage) in the household garbage to be treated can be separated from the screen by utilizing the drum screen to carry out first separation treatment; further, the undersize (i.e., first separated garbage, mainly organic garbage) obtained by the drum screen separation enters a vibrating screen for second separation treatment, the vibrating screen has the function of separating combustible garbage, the combustible garbage (i.e., second combustible garbage) is separated from the screen, the undersize (i.e., second separated garbage, mainly organic garbage) enters a crushing separator for third separation treatment, the crushing separator can separate light combustible garbage (i.e., third combustible garbage) through high-speed centrifugal separation, and the rest part of garbage can be pulped in the crushing separator to obtain third separated garbage (mainly organic garbage). And drying the third sorted garbage by a drying device, and then, carbonizing the garbage in a carbonizing device to obtain a first pyrolysis gas and biochar product. On the other hand, the combustible garbage separated by the rotary screen, the vibrating screen and the crushing separator is sent to the shearing shredder together for shredding, then sent to the pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment to obtain pyrolysis oil gas, and the pyrolysis oil gas is cooled into second pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil products by the cooling device. Subsequently, the first and second pyrolysis gases are combusted by a combustion device to obtain a high-temperature medium (hot air) which can be used as a heat source for the drying treatment, the carbonization treatment and the pyrolysis treatment. Therefore, the household garbage treatment method can effectively separate organic garbage and combustible garbage in the household garbage, and achieves the aim of dry-wet separation of the household garbage; the organic garbage is further dried and carbonized to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar; the combustible garbage is further pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon. The pyrolysis gas is combusted by the combustion system to generate hot air for heating the drying device, the carbonization device and the pyrolysis device, and no additional supplementary heat source is needed.
In addition, the household garbage disposal method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
In some embodiments of the invention, the household garbage disposal method further comprises: and in the process of feeding the second separated garbage to the crushing and sorting machine, carrying out magnetic separation on the second separated garbage.
In some embodiments of the invention, the household garbage disposal method further comprises: the first, second and third combustible waste are magnetically separated during feeding the first, second and third combustible waste to a shear shredder.
In some embodiments of the invention, the drying process is performed at a temperature of 200 to 300 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the carbonization treatment is performed at a temperature of 500-600 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pyrolysis treatment is carried out at a temperature of 450 to 500 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the household garbage disposal method further comprises: and feeding the tail gas into a tail gas treatment device for treatment.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a construction of a household garbage disposal system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a household garbage disposal system according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly attached, detachably attached, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a household garbage disposal system. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the household garbage disposal system includes: the device comprises a feeder 100, a bag breaker 200, a drum screen 300, a vibrating screen 400, a crushing and sorting machine 500, a drying device 600, a carbonization device 700, a shearing shredder 800, a pyrolysis device 900, a cooling device 1000 and a combustion device 1100. Wherein the bag breaker 200 is arranged above the feeder 100; the trommel 300 is connected to the feeder 100, the trommel 300 having a first waste inlet, a first combustible waste outlet and a first post-sorting waste outlet, the first waste inlet being connected to the feeder 100; the vibrating screen 400 is connected with the drum screen 300, and the vibrating screen 400 is provided with a second garbage inlet, a second combustible garbage outlet and a second separated garbage outlet, wherein the second garbage inlet is connected with the second separated garbage outlet; the crushing separator 500 is connected with the vibrating screen 400, the crushing separator 500 is provided with a third garbage inlet, a third combustible garbage outlet and a third separated garbage outlet, and the third garbage inlet is connected with the third separated garbage outlet; the drying device 600 is connected with the crushing separator 500, and the drying device 600 is provided with a garbage inlet to be dried, a first heat medium inlet, a tail gas outlet and a dried garbage outlet, wherein the garbage inlet to be dried is connected with a third separated garbage outlet; the carbonization device 700 is connected with the drying device 600, the carbonization device 700 is provided with a dry garbage inlet, a second heat medium outlet, a first pyrolysis gas outlet and a biochar outlet, the dry garbage inlet is connected with the dry garbage outlet, and the second heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet; the shearing shredder 800 is connected with the trommel 300, the vibrating screen 400 and the crushing and sorting 500, the shearing shredder 800 is provided with a combustible waste inlet and a shredded waste outlet, and the combustible waste inlet is connected with a first combustible waste outlet, a second combustible waste outlet and a third combustible waste outlet; the pyrolysis device 900 is connected with the shear-type shredder 800, the drying device 600 and the carbonization device 700, the pyrolysis device 900 is provided with a shredded garbage inlet, a third heat medium outlet, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis charcoal outlet, the shredded garbage inlet is connected with the shredded garbage outlet, and the third heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet; the cooling device 1000 is connected with the pyrolysis device 900, and the cooling device 1000 is provided with a pyrolysis oil gas inlet, a second pyrolysis gas outlet and a pyrolysis oil outlet, wherein the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet; the combustion device 1100 is connected to the cooling device 1000, the carbonization device 700, and the pyrolysis device 900, and the combustion device 1100 has a fourth heat medium inlet and a fourth heat medium outlet, the fourth heat medium inlet is connected to the first pyrolysis gas outlet and the second pyrolysis gas outlet, and the fourth heat medium outlet is connected to the second heat medium inlet and the third heat medium inlet.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the feeder can be a common plate feeder in the field, the processing capacity of the feeder can be 5-30 t/h, garbage to be processed can be uniformly fed, and a bag breaker (a blade type bag breaking device) is arranged above a feeding path of the feeder, so that the feeder has the effects of breaking garbage plastic bags and the like.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the trommel 300 is connected to the feeder 100, so that large combustible waste (i.e., first combustible waste) among the domestic waste to be treated can be sorted. The drum screen is provided with screen holes with the aperture of 90-120 mm, preferably 100mm; the vibrating screen is provided with a screen mesh with the aperture of 40-70 mm, preferably 60mm. Therefore, the efficiency of separating the organic garbage from the combustible garbage by the rotary screen and the vibrating screen can be further improved.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the vibrating screen 400 is connected to the trommel 300, and may further separate combustible waste (i.e., second combustible waste) from undersize (i.e., first separated waste, mainly organic waste) separated from the trommel. The second garbage inlet of the vibrating screen is connected with the first separated garbage outlet of the drum screen through a first conveying device, and a first magnetic separator is arranged above the first conveying device. Specifically, referring to fig. 2, a first conveyor 10 and a first magnetic separator 11 are disposed between the vibrating screen 400 and the trommel 300. Thus, iron products in the first separated refuse can be separated by the first magnetic separator 11 during the process of feeding the separated undersize (i.e., the first separated refuse) to the vibrating screen 400 by the trommel 300.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the crushing classifier 500 is connected to the vibrating screen 400, and may further separate light combustible waste (i.e., third combustible waste) from undersize (i.e., second classified waste, mainly organic waste) obtained by the vibrating screen separation. The crushing classifier 500 may be a vertical centrifugal classifier common in the art, and is provided with mesh holes having a diameter of 10 to 20 mm. Therefore, the efficiency of the crushing separator for separating the organic garbage from the combustible garbage can be further improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the drying apparatus 600 is connected to the crushing separator 500, and may perform a drying process on the third sorted garbage (mainly, organic garbage). According to a specific example of the present invention, the drying device 600 has a drum type structure, the drum is rotatable, and the inside has a spiral type structure. The drying device can be used for drying the third sorted garbage in a hot air direct heating mode, and the temperature in the drying device can be 200-300 ℃. The moisture content of the treated dried waste can be reduced to about 20%, such as 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, etc.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the carbonization device 700 is connected with the drying device 600, and the carbonization treatment can be performed on the dried garbage to obtain the first pyrolysis gas of the biochar. According to a specific example of the present invention, the carbonization device 700 has a drum-type structure, the drum is rotatable, and the inside has a spiral structure. The carbonization device can carry out carbonization treatment on the dry garbage in a hot air indirect heating mode, and the temperature in the carbonization device can be 500-600 ℃.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the shearing shredder 800 is connected to the trommel 300, the vibrating screen 400, and the crushing classifier 500, and can shred the combustible waste separated from the trommel, the vibrating screen, and the crushing classifier to a size of about 20 mm. According to the embodiment of the invention, the combustible waste inlet of the shearing shredder is connected with the first combustible waste outlet of the rotary screen, the second combustible waste outlet of the vibrating screen and the third combustible waste outlet of the crushing separator through the second conveying device, and the second magnetic separator is arranged above the second conveying device. Specifically, referring to fig. 2, a second conveyor 20 and a second magnetic separator 21 are provided between the shear shredder 800 and the trommel 300, the vibrating screen 400, and the crushing separator 500. Thus, the iron products in the first to third combustible waste can be separated by the second magnetic separator 21 in the process of feeding the first to third combustible waste to the shear-type shredder 800.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis device 900 is connected to the shear shredder 800, and may perform pyrolysis treatment on the shredded garbage to obtain pyrolytic carbon and pyrolytic oil gas. According to a specific example of the present invention, the pyrolysis device 900 has a drum type structure, the drum is rotatable, and the inside has a spiral type structure. The pyrolysis device can carry out pyrolysis treatment on the shredded garbage in a hot air indirect heating mode, and the temperature in the pyrolysis device can be 450-500 ℃.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling device 1000 is connected to the pyrolysis device 900, and the pyrolysis oil gas may be cooled to obtain pyrolysis oil and a second pyrolysis gas. According to a specific example of the present invention, the cooling device 1000 is an indirect water cooling device, and uses water as a cooling medium, so as to cool and collect pyrolysis oil in the pyrolysis oil gas.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the combustion apparatus 1100 is connected to the carbonization apparatus 900 and the cooling apparatus 1000, and a high temperature medium (hot wind) may be obtained by combustion of the first and second pyrolysis gases and used as a heat source for the drying apparatus, the carbonization apparatus, and the pyrolysis apparatus. The pyrolysis oil separated by the cooling device 1000 may be used as fuel for the combustion device 1000. Specifically, the combustion device can comprise a combustor, a combustion chamber and a primary air distribution fan, wherein the secondary air distribution fan and the combustor are suitable for combustion of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the household garbage disposal system of the present invention further includes: the exhaust treatment device 1200. The tail gas treatment device 1200 is connected with a tail gas outlet of the drying device 600, and can treat tail gas exhausted by the system and then discharge the tail gas after reaching standards. Specifically, the tail gas treatment device can cool, remove dust and remove pollution factors (NOx, SO 2, suspended particulate matters and the like) of the tail gas of the system, wherein the tail gas treatment device can comprise a cloth bag dust remover, a water washing tower, an alkaline washing tower, an activated carbon adsorption device at the tail end and the like.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the vibrating screen 400 may be connected to the crushing classifier 500 through the third conveyor 30, the crushing classifier 500 may be connected to the drying device 600 through the fourth conveyor 40, the drying device 600 may be connected to the carbonization device 700 through the fifth conveyor 50, and the shear crusher 800 may be connected to the pyrolysis device 900 through the sixth conveyor 60. The first conveyor 10 is preferably a screw conveyor or a belt conveyor, the second conveyor 20 is preferably a screw conveyor, the third conveyor 30 is preferably a screw conveyor or a belt conveyor, and the fourth conveyor 40, the fifth conveyor 50, and the sixth conveyor 60 are preferably screw conveyors.
As described above, the household garbage disposal system according to the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages:
(1) Organic garbage and combustible garbage of the household garbage are separated with high efficiency, and the purpose of dry-wet separation is achieved.
(2) The organic garbage after high-efficiency separation is further dried and carbonized to generate pyrolysis gas and biochar; no additional dilution water is needed, and no sewage is produced.
(3) The combustible garbage after high-efficiency separation is further pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis oil and pyrolytic carbon, so that the energy recovery efficiency is high, an additional supplementary heat source is not needed in the system, and the overall operation cost is reduced.
(4) The garbage is carbonized by pyrolysis to generate biochar for soil improvement, landscaping and the like, and the pyrolytic carbon generated after treatment is used as fuel of industrial kilns such as cement kilns, smelting furnaces and the like, and can also be used as a reducing agent for smelting. The recycling and reducing degree is high, and the aim of ecological circulation is well achieved.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for treating household garbage, which is implemented by using the household garbage treatment system of the above embodiment. According to the embodiment of the invention, the household garbage treatment method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of (1) breaking bags of household garbage to be treated, and then feeding the household garbage to be treated into a drum screen for first sorting treatment to obtain first combustible garbage and first sorted garbage;
feeding the first separated garbage into a vibrating screen for second separation treatment to obtain second combustible garbage and second separated garbage;
feeding the second separated garbage into a crushing separator for third separation treatment to obtain third combustible garbage and third separated garbage;
The third separated garbage is supplied to a drying device for drying treatment, and dry garbage and tail gas are obtained;
The method comprises the steps of (1) feeding dry garbage into a carbonization device for carbonization treatment to obtain biochar and first pyrolysis gas;
the first combustible garbage, the second combustible garbage and the third combustible garbage are supplied to a shearing shredder for shearing and shredding, so that shredded garbage is obtained;
the shredded garbage is supplied to a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment, and pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon are obtained;
the pyrolysis oil gas is supplied to a cooling device for cooling treatment, so that pyrolysis oil and second pyrolysis gas are obtained;
The first pyrolysis gas and the second pyrolysis gas are supplied to a combustion device for combustion, a high-temperature medium is obtained, and the high-temperature medium is used for carbonization treatment, pyrolysis treatment and drying treatment.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the household garbage treatment method of the present invention further includes: the tail gas discharged from the drying device is supplied to a tail gas treatment device for treatment.
The household garbage treatment method is implemented by using the household garbage treatment system, so that the household garbage treatment method has all the characteristics and advantages described in the household garbage treatment system, and are not described in detail herein.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting in any way.
Example 1
The household garbage treatment system adopting the embodiment of the invention has the following specific implementation flow:
The household garbage in certain market is taken as a raw material, and the composition of the raw material is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 composition of household garbage (wt%)
The household garbage treatment project with the scale of 100 tons/day is separated by a drum sieve to remove 29 tons/day of combustible garbage, and the sieve mesh size is 100mm; selecting 1 ton/day of iron products through a No. 1 magnetic separator; removing 15 tons/day of combustible garbage after screening by a vibrating screen, wherein the size of a screen hole is 60mm; then, utilizing a crushing separator to separate out 15 tons/day of light combustible garbage, crushing and pulping the organic garbage to a particle size of 10 mm; the organic garbage after pulping has water content of 40 tons/day and water content of 60 percent, then is conveyed to a drying device by a screw conveyor, the internal temperature is 200-300 ℃, the dried organic garbage is 20 tons/day by the drying device, the water content is 20 percent, then enters a carbonization device, the internal temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the carbonized biochar is 4 tons/day by adopting an indirect hot air heating mode.
The total amount of combustible garbage separated by a rolling screen, a vibrating screen and a crushing separator is 59 tons/day, iron products of 1 ton/day are separated by a No. 2 magnetic separator, and then enter a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis, wherein the internal temperature is 450-500 ℃, an indirect hot air heating mode is adopted, the generated pyrolysis oil amount is 12 tons/day, and the pyrolysis charcoal amount is 7 tons/day.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A household garbage disposal system, comprising;
A feeder;
a bag breaker arranged above the feeder;
The rotary screen is provided with a first garbage inlet, a first combustible garbage outlet and a first separated garbage outlet, and the first garbage inlet is connected with the feeder;
The vibrating screen is provided with a second garbage inlet, a second combustible garbage outlet and a second separated garbage outlet, and the second garbage inlet is connected with the second separated garbage outlet;
The crushing separator is provided with a third garbage inlet, a third combustible garbage outlet and a third separated garbage outlet, and the third garbage inlet is connected with the third separated garbage outlet;
The drying device is provided with a garbage inlet to be dried, a first heat medium inlet, a tail gas outlet and a dried garbage outlet, and the garbage inlet to be dried is connected with the third separated garbage outlet;
The carbonization device is provided with a dry garbage inlet, a second heat medium outlet, a first pyrolysis gas outlet and a biochar outlet, wherein the dry garbage inlet is connected with the dry garbage outlet, and the second heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet;
The shearing shredder is provided with a combustible waste inlet and a shredded waste outlet, and the combustible waste inlet is connected with the first combustible waste outlet, the second combustible waste outlet and the third combustible waste outlet;
the pyrolysis device is provided with a shredded garbage inlet, a third heat medium outlet, a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis charcoal outlet, wherein the shredded garbage inlet is connected with the shredded garbage outlet, and the third heat medium outlet is connected with the first heat medium inlet;
the cooling device is provided with a pyrolysis oil gas inlet, a second pyrolysis gas outlet and a pyrolysis oil outlet, and the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet;
the combustion device is provided with a fourth heat medium inlet and a fourth heat medium outlet, the fourth heat medium inlet is connected with the first pyrolysis gas outlet and the second pyrolysis gas outlet, and the fourth heat medium outlet is connected with the second heat medium inlet and the third heat medium inlet;
The second garbage inlet is connected with the first separated garbage outlet through a first conveying device, and the combustible garbage inlet is connected with the first combustible garbage outlet, the second combustible garbage outlet and the third combustible garbage outlet through a second conveying device.
2. The household garbage disposal system of claim 1, wherein a first magnetic separator is arranged above the first conveyor.
3. The household garbage disposal system of claim 1, wherein a second magnetic separator is arranged above the second conveyor.
4. The household garbage treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the drum screen is provided with screen holes with the aperture of 90-120 mm;
and sieve holes with the aperture of 40-70 mm are formed in the vibrating screen.
5. The household garbage disposal system according to claim 1, wherein the crushing classifier is a vertical centrifugal classifier, and wherein sieve holes with a diameter of 10-20 mm are provided.
6. The household garbage disposal system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: and the tail gas treatment device is connected with the tail gas outlet.
7. A method of treating household garbage by using the household garbage treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of (1) breaking bags of household garbage to be treated, and then feeding the household garbage to be treated into a drum screen for first sorting treatment to obtain first combustible garbage and first sorted garbage;
feeding the first separated garbage into a vibrating screen for second separation treatment to obtain second combustible garbage and second separated garbage;
feeding the second separated garbage into a crushing separator for third separation treatment to obtain third combustible garbage and third separated garbage;
feeding the third separated garbage into a drying device for drying treatment to obtain dried garbage and tail gas;
the dry garbage is fed into a carbonization device for carbonization treatment, so as to obtain biochar and first pyrolysis gas;
The first combustible garbage, the second combustible garbage and the third combustible garbage are supplied to a shearing shredder for shearing and shredding, so that shredded garbage is obtained;
the shredded garbage is supplied to a pyrolysis device for pyrolysis treatment, and pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon are obtained;
the pyrolysis oil gas is supplied to a cooling device for cooling treatment, so that pyrolysis oil and second pyrolysis gas are obtained;
And supplying the first pyrolysis gas and the second pyrolysis gas into a combustion device for combustion to obtain a high-temperature medium, and using the high-temperature medium for carbonization treatment, pyrolysis treatment and drying treatment.
8. The method for treating household garbage according to claim 7, further comprising: in the process of supplying the second separated garbage to the crushing separator, carrying out magnetic separation on the second separated garbage;
Further comprises: the first, second and third combustible waste are magnetically separated during feeding the first, second and third combustible waste to a shear shredder.
9. The method for treating household garbage according to claim 7, wherein the temperature used for the drying treatment is 200-300 ℃;
The temperature adopted by the carbonization treatment is 500-600 ℃;
the temperature adopted in the pyrolysis treatment is 450-500 ℃.
10. The method for treating household garbage according to claim 7, further comprising: and feeding the tail gas into a tail gas treatment device for treatment.
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| CN112094658A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-18 | 苏州中材非金属矿工业设计研究院有限公司 | Thermal cracking system and method for household garbage and solid waste |
| CN114308978A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-04-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Garbage treatment system and method |
| CN114321925A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-04-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Solid recovered fuel preparation system and preparation method |
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| CA2083601A1 (en) * | 1990-05-26 | 1991-11-27 | Reinhard Fischer | Process and device for utilizing organic wastes |
| CN101797578B (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2012-09-05 | 深圳市兖能环保科技有限公司 | Garbage microwave pyrolysis comprehensive treatment system and method and equipment used by same |
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