CN111018493B - Over-kiln celadon decorative mud scribing skill and decorative vessel manufactured by using the skill - Google Patents

Over-kiln celadon decorative mud scribing skill and decorative vessel manufactured by using the skill Download PDF

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CN111018493B
CN111018493B CN201911265079.XA CN201911265079A CN111018493B CN 111018493 B CN111018493 B CN 111018493B CN 201911265079 A CN201911265079 A CN 201911265079A CN 111018493 B CN111018493 B CN 111018493B
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CN111018493A (en
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嵇锡贵
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/24—Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/001—Applying decorations on shaped articles, e.g. by painting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
    • B28B11/044—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with glaze or engobe or enamel or varnish
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
    • B28B11/048—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers by spraying or projecting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
    • B44C1/225—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching by engraving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/02—Superimposing layers
    • B44C3/025—Superimposing layers to produce ornamental relief structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/04—Modelling plastic materials, e.g. clay
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
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    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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    • C04B33/34—Burning methods combined with glazing
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
    • C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering

Abstract

The invention discloses a over-kiln celadon decorative mud scribing skill and a decorative vessel manufactured by the skill, the over-kiln celadon decorative mud scribing skill comprises blank making, mud blank biscuiting, decorative mud spraying, pattern removing, glazing and firing, wherein a layer of decorative mud is sprayed on the biscuited mud blank and the pattern removing is carried out to form a three-dimensional decorative pattern, and then glaze spraying and glaze firing are carried out.

Description

Over-kiln celadon decorative mud scribing skill and decorative vessel manufactured by using the skill
Technical Field
The invention relates to a celadon manufacturing process, in particular to a carving skill of over-kiln celadon decorative mud with clear patterns and distinct layers and a decorative vessel manufactured by the skill.
Background
The kiln is mainly used for producing celadon, the main production place is ancient places (one of Ningshao plain in east of Zhejiang province), the Tang Dynasty refers to Yuzhou, the kiln is named Yuzhou, the kiln is obtained after the kiln is used from east Han to south Song, the celadon is continuously fired for more than one thousand years, the celadon undergoes the development processes of creative firing, development, tripod holding and fading, is a kiln system with the longest duration and the widest influence range in China, the celadon body of the kiln is fine and smooth, the glaze color is translucent, and the traditional decoration methods of scratching, carving, stacking, brown coloring, hollowing and the like are adopted, the common decorations are flowers, birds, float grass, figures and the like, the lines are smooth and concise, and fine, and the ceramic is a classic of ancient ceramic firing in China.
The over-kiln mud blank has higher content of purple gold soil, the fired color is deep, the over-kiln decoration method is most common in that the mud blank is directly engraved with patterns, scratched with patterns and glazed for firing, and the pattern is fuzzy in texture level, not obvious in perspective and slightly monotonous in style due to the dark bottom color.
Disclosure of Invention
The method mainly solves the technical problems of fuzzy pattern levels, unobvious distant view and monotonous style of the conventional over-kiln decoration method; provides a carving skill of over-kiln celadon decorative mud with clear grain patterns and clear layers and a decorative vessel manufactured by the skill.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention mainly adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a carving technology of over-kiln celadon decorative mud, which comprises the following steps:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
preparing a blank, namely refining the mud blank, forming, trimming and drying in the shade to form the mud blank;
Figure 707377DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
biscuit firing, namely biscuit firing the mud in a kiln, and naturally cooling the biscuit in the kiln after biscuit firing;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
spraying decorative mud, spraying decorative mud slurry on the biscuit after biscuit firing, and drying in the shade to form a blank body;
Figure 455015DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
removing the patterns, drawing the patterns on the surface of the blank, scribing a profile, removing the decorative mud outside the patterns, exposing the mud blank below the decorative mud layer and forming a three-dimensional pattern;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
glazing, namely spraying kiln-crossing glaze on the surface of the blank after removing the patterns;
Figure 621554DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
and sintering, namely sintering the glazed blank at high temperature and naturally cooling to form a finished product.
Preferably, the step (a)
Figure 43308DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The content of the purple gold soil in the mud blank is 60-70%, and the purple gold soil with a higher proportion is adopted, so that the finished product presents a darker ground color after being fired, and generates a larger contrast with the bluish white presented by the surface pattern of the decorative mud, the decorative pattern is clear and bright, the layering sense is prominent, and the artistic effect is stronger.
Preferably, the step (a)
Figure 168259DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The decorative mud material is white porcelain mud which is infiltrated into about 10 to 25 weight percent
Uniformly stirring the kiln-crossing glaze, and mixing the kiln-crossing glaze with clear water according to the weight ratio of 1: 4-6 proportion to form slurry, and a little glaze material can increase the adhesion degree of the decorative slurry material to make the surface of the blank smooth and fine.
Preferably, the white porcelain clay is filtered by a sieve of 200 meshes or above and is subjected to iron absorption treatment to remove metal impurities, the white porcelain clay is prepared by mixing feldspar, quartz and kaolin in proportion, the particles are sufficiently fine after 200-mesh screening, iron absorption can avoid the occurrence of iron points on the surface of a finished product after sintering, and the quality of the finished product is improved.
Preferably, the thickness of the decorative mud slurry layer is 0.7-0.8mm, the layering sense is insufficient when the slurry layer is too thin, and the decorative mud slurry layer is easy to collapse in the scribing process when the slurry layer is too thick, so that the shaving quality is reduced.
Preferably, the step (a)
Figure 308253DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
The thickness of the over-kiln glaze material is 1.5-2.5 mm.
Preferably, the step (a)
Figure 251719DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The biscuiting temperature is controlled at 750-800 ℃, the biscuiting time is 4-5 hours, and the surface of the biscuited mud blank is not easy to deform and lose shape when decorative mud with high water content is sprayed on the surface of the biscuited mud blank.
Preferably, the step (a)
Figure 793559DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The sintering process comprises the following steps:
a. the blank is loaded into a kiln;
b. the kiln is fired by oxidizing flame and gradually heated to 850-1000 ℃, the moisture in the green body and the kiln is removed, the temperature rise speed in the kiln is 3-5 ℃/min, the firing time is 3-5.5h, the heat preservation is carried out for 1-1.5h,
meanwhile, the temperature difference in the kiln is kept uniform and controlled within +/-10 ℃;
c. firing by adopting weak reducing flame and gradually heating, wherein the heating speed is controlled to be 2-3 ℃/min, and the firing time is about 1 h;
d. adopting strong reduction to continue firing until the firing temperature is about 1250-1300 ℃, controlling the temperature rise speed to be 2-3 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1-1.5h after firing, and extinguishing;
e. finally, naturally cooling to normal temperature in the kiln;
the firing process adopts the time-sharing firing process of an oxidizing atmosphere section and a reducing atmosphere section, and utilizes the strong and weak transformation and the temperature rise speed control in the reducing atmosphere section to ensure that the firing temperature finally reaches the design temperature, thereby not only ensuring higher firing temperature, but also overcoming the problem that mud blanks, decorative mud and glaze with different characteristics are easy to generate cracks, bubbles, pinholes and black spots when being fired simultaneously, effectively improving the yield, ensuring that the kiln-crossing celadon decorative ware is slightly yellow in the blue, and reproducing the antique characteristics of ancient kiln-crossing products.
The over-kiln celadon decorating vessel is manufactured by the over-kiln celadon decorating mud scribing manufacturing technology.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is created by the pioneer of the Guishan kiln, the master of Chinese arts and crafts, and the national-level non-material cultural heritage (over-the-kiln celadon firing skill) and typically inherits Qi tin-rich master through the long-year over-the-kiln celadon creation practice, breaks through the historically traditional over-the-kiln celadon decoration technique, overcomes the difficulty of simultaneously firing a plurality of materials of mud blank, decoration mud and over-the-kiln glaze, firstly applies the decoration mud to the modern over-the-kiln celadon creation, utilizes the bright color of the decoration mud to make the glaze appear light cyan after firing, can clearly and convexly display the decoration pattern under the background color of dark cyan, and is well-arranged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a porcelain vessel made by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): the engraving technology of the over-kiln celadon decorative mud comprises the following steps:
Figure 89411DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
the method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing a blank, filtering and refining a mud blank, removing impurities and internal air to compact and moisten the mud blank, forming, trimming and drying in the shade to form the mud blank, wherein the content of the purple gold soil in the mud blank is 60-70%, so that the mud blank presents a darker ground color after being fired and is more contrastive with a bluish white presented by decorative mud, and the artistic effects of clear and bright glaze and well-arranged layers are achieved;
Figure 716702DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
biscuiting, namely biscuiting the mud blank in a kilnThe temperature is controlled to be 750-800 ℃, the biscuit firing time is 4.5 hours, the biscuit is naturally cooled to room temperature in the kiln after biscuit firing, the mechanical strength of the biscuit after biscuit firing is higher, the surface can not be infiltrated and scattered due to the subsequent spraying of decorative mud material, and the surface of the biscuit is not easy to damage;
Figure 693885DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
spraying decorative mud, spraying a layer of decorative mud material on a biscuit after biscuit firing by using a spray gun, wherein the thickness of the decorative mud material is 0.7-0.8mm, forming a blank body after drying in the shade, uniformly mixing the decorative mud material with kiln-crossing glaze material which is infiltrated into about 20% by weight of white porcelain mud, and then mixing the decorative mud material with clear water according to the weight part of 1: 5, a small amount of over-kiln glaze is infiltrated into the slurry to increase the adhesion degree, and the slurry is not easy to crack due to the fact that the slurry is close to the shrinkage rate of the inner layer mud blank and the surface layer glaze when the slurry is fired at high temperature, wherein the white porcelain clay is filtered by a 200-mesh screen and subjected to iron absorption treatment to remove metal impurities, so that the slurry is uniform and fine, no iron point defect exists after the slurry is fired, the decorative mud slurry with proper thickness can ensure that a decorative pattern has high hierarchical feeling, and the decorative mud slurry is not easy to crack when in scribing;
Figure 886969DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
removing patterns, namely adding a proper amount of water into yellow slight ash, dipping the pattern on the surface of a blank by using a writing brush, scribing a contour by using a pointed graver, removing decorative mud outside the pattern, exposing a mud blank below a decorative mud layer and forming a three-dimensional pattern, wherein the tool tip keeps about 30-45 degrees with the tire surface when the contour is scribed, so that the decorative mud layer of the tire surface is prevented from cracking, the yellow slight ash is natural and harmless, no tracing trace is left under high-temperature firing, and the brush head is soft and does not damage the tire surface;
Figure 58450DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
glazing, namely spraying a layer of kiln-crossing glaze with the thickness of about 2mm on the surface of the blank after removing the patterns;
Figure 376298DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
sintering, namely sintering the glazed blank at high temperature and naturally cooling to form a finished product;
the above steps
Figure 953910DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The sintering process comprises the following steps:
a. putting the glazed blank into a kiln;
b. the inside of the kiln is fired by oxidizing flame and is gradually heated to 980 ℃, moisture in the green body and the inside of the kiln is removed, the heating speed in the kiln is about 5 ℃/min, the firing time is about 3.5h, the temperature is kept for 1h, meanwhile, the temperature difference in the kiln is kept uniform and is controlled within +/-10 ℃, so that each layer of the green body is uniformly heated, and moisture and impurities are fully removed;
c. firing by adopting weak reducing flame and gradually heating, wherein the heating speed is controlled to be about 1 ℃/min, and the firing time is about 1 h;
d. turning to strong reducing flame, continuously firing until the temperature is about 1280 ℃, controlling the heating rate at 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1.5h after firing, and stopping firing;
e. finally, the finished product is naturally cooled to normal temperature in a kiln;
when the temperature is about 1000 ℃ and the atmosphere is changed from weak reducing atmosphere to strong reducing atmosphere, the accurate control precision ensures the firing rate of the multilayer blank.
The over-kiln celadon decorative vessel 'Liuhe Tongchun' shown in figure 1 is manufactured by the over-kiln celadon decorative mud scribing technology.
The over-kiln celadon decorative vessel 'six cranes and all in one spring' has the characteristics of fine and smooth blank quality and green and bright glaze color, and light blue decorative patterns of the over-kiln celadon are clear and bright and well-arranged under dark blue background color, and have innovative artistic style, unique artistic effect of luxury and beauty and ancient over-kiln characteristic.
The present invention has been described in terms of exemplary embodiments and embodiments, and it is not intended to be limited to the exemplary embodiments, but rather, to the exemplary embodiments, and it is to be understood that various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions in form and detail, which may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the invention, are intended to be included therein.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a kiln-crossing celadon decorates mud ruling skill which characterized in that: the technique comprises the steps of:
Figure 93703DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
preparing a blank, namely refining the mud blank, forming, trimming and drying in the shade to form the mud blank;
Figure 804170DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
biscuit firing, namely placing the adobe into a kiln for biscuit firing, and naturally cooling the adobe in the kiln after biscuit firing;
Figure 548135DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
spraying decorative mud, spraying decorative mud slurry on the biscuit after biscuit firing, and drying in the shade to form a blank body;
Figure 182420DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
removing the patterns, drawing the patterns on the surface of the blank, carving out the outline, removing the decorative mud outside the patterns, exposing the mud blank under the decorative mud layer and forming the three-dimensional patterns;
Figure 986428DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
glazing, namely spraying kiln-crossing glaze on the surface of the blank after removing the patterns;
Figure 184191DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
sintering, namely sintering the glazed blank at high temperature and naturally cooling to form a finished product;
wherein the above stepsMethod for preparing a Chinese medicinal composition
Figure 528585DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The content of the purple gold soil in the mud blank is 60 to 70 percent, and the steps are as follows
Figure 495404DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The decorative mud slurry is prepared by uniformly mixing 10-25 wt% of over-kiln glaze material infiltrated into white porcelain clay, and then mixing the mixture with clear water according to the weight ratio of 1: 4-6, mixing and stirring to form slurry.
2. The over-the-kiln celadon decorative mud scribing skill of claim 1, wherein: the white porcelain clay is filtered by a sieve with more than 200 meshes and is subjected to iron absorption treatment to remove metal impurities.
3. The over-the-kiln celadon decorative mud scribing skill of claim 1, wherein: said step (c) is
Figure 735892DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
The spraying thickness of the over-kiln glaze in (1) is 1.5-2.5 mm.
4. The over-the-kiln celadon decorative mud scoring technology according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the thickness of the decorative slurry layer is 0.7-0.8 mm.
5. The over-the-kiln celadon decorative mud scribing skill of claim 1, wherein: said step (c) is
Figure 155372DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The bisque firing temperature is controlled between 750 ℃ and 800 ℃, and the bisque firing time is 4-5 hours.
6. The over-the-kiln celadon decorative mud scoring technique of claim 1, wherein the step of scoring is performed by a laser
Figure 506719DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The sintering process comprises the following steps:
a. putting the glazed blank into a kiln;
b. the kiln is fired by oxidizing flame and gradually heated to 850-1000 ℃, the moisture in the green body and the kiln is removed, the temperature rise speed in the kiln is 3-5 ℃/min, the firing time is 3-5.5h, the heat preservation is carried out for 1-1.5h,
meanwhile, the temperature difference in the kiln is kept uniform and controlled within +/-10 ℃;
c. firing by adopting weak reducing flame and gradually heating, wherein the heating speed is controlled to be 2-3 ℃/min, and the firing time is 1 h;
d. adopting strong reduction to continue firing till the firing is carried out at 1250-1300 ℃, controlling the temperature rise speed to be 2-3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1-1.5h after firing, and extinguishing;
e. and finally, naturally cooling to normal temperature in the kiln.
7. The utility model provides a ware is decorated to porcelain over kiln which characterized in that: made by the over-the-kiln celadon decorative mud scribing technique of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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