CN111014886A - Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy box body type part based on electric arc additive - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy box body type part based on electric arc additive Download PDFInfo
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- CN111014886A CN111014886A CN201911387206.3A CN201911387206A CN111014886A CN 111014886 A CN111014886 A CN 111014886A CN 201911387206 A CN201911387206 A CN 201911387206A CN 111014886 A CN111014886 A CN 111014886A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention provides a manufacturing method of an aluminum alloy box part based on electric arc additive, which is characterized in that an aluminum alloy substrate is polished, cleaned, degreased and fixed on a workbench, technological parameters required by electric arc additive forming are selected according to the size and distribution of the side wall of the box part to be formed, the side wall of the box part is formed on the substrate in an electric arc mode according to the technological parameters, and the formed part is subjected to heat treatment to carry out mechanical processing on the whole part, so that a final finished product is obtained. Compared with the traditional method, the method has the advantages of high material utilization rate, short processing period and good forming appearance, and is particularly suitable for quickly and efficiently preparing box parts of aerospace electronic products with multiple varieties and small batches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method of an aluminum alloy box part.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, good heat conductivity and the like, and in the field of aviation and aerospace electronic communication equipment, the aluminum alloy box body has very wide application as a bearing body of an electronic functional component, and the structure of the aluminum alloy box body is usually a thin-wall cavity part due to the requirements of functions and weight reduction design, and the material is generally 5A06 antirust aluminum.
The existing manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy box body part mainly comprises three methods of precise numerical control machining, precise casting and precise plastic forming. The precision casting and precision plastic forming are suitable for continuous production of single parts in large batches, but have certain requirements on the part forming manufacturability, and need to design and manufacture casting molds and hot-press forming molds, the forming precision is relatively low, and as most aerospace electronic products have the characteristics of multiple varieties and small batches, the precision casting and precision plastic forming methods have higher cost and less application. The precise numerical control machining uses a whole aluminum alloy plate for mechanical machining, the theoretical forming precision is high, but the material utilization rate is low (generally lower than 20%), the machining period is long, and the large residual stress caused by large cutting removal amount easily causes thin-wall deformation.
The electric arc additive manufacturing technology (WAAM) is a near-net forming manufacturing technology based on a discrete accumulation principle, adopts electric arc heat generated by a welding machine to melt wire materials, gradually forms metal parts by overlaying from a line to a surface to a body according to a three-dimensional model, has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, high material utilization rate, high deposition efficiency and the like, can avoid the defect problem caused by overhigh reflection rate in the process of manufacturing aluminum alloy by adopting laser additive, at present, the method has an application case successfully applied to the preparation of large aluminum alloy components, but because the electric arc heat input is large and the distribution of a thermal field and stress in the overlaying process is very complex, the reasonable setting of electric arc additive process parameters is relatively complex, optimized process parameters are summarized on the basis of a large number of experiments aiming at specific parts with different sizes and different structures, so as to form a stable forming process flow, the existing electric arc additive process is more concerned with the preparation of aerospace large components, but no results are published at present for the aluminum alloy combination parts widely applied in the electronic field.
Therefore, with the increasingly stringent requirements on the equipment development and production cycle in the fields of aviation and aerospace electronic communication, it is necessary to develop a method for quickly and efficiently manufacturing aluminum alloy box parts based on electric arc additive manufacturing aiming at the forming process of the aluminum alloy box parts.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a manufacturing method of an aluminum alloy box body part based on electric arc additive. The invention can greatly improve the utilization rate of materials (the utilization rate exceeds 90%), reduce machining removal amount, shorten the processing period, and is particularly suitable for the rapid and efficient preparation of box parts of aerospace electronic products with multiple varieties and small batches.
The side wall of the box-type part is prepared on the aluminum alloy substrate by adopting an electric arc additive technology, the formed part is subjected to heat treatment to remove the residual stress in the electric arc manufacturing process, the purposes of stabilizing the size of the part, improving the plasticity of the part and improving the processing performance of the part are achieved, and then the allowance is removed by adopting a mechanical processing mode to process the part to the required size.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: polishing an aluminum alloy substrate, cleaning and removing oil, and fixing on a workbench;
step two: selecting process parameters required by electric arc additive forming according to the size and distribution of the side wall of a box part to be formed, wherein the process parameters comprise welding Speed (TS), Wire Feed Speed (WFS) and protective gas flow;
step three: arc forming the side wall of the box type part on the substrate according to the process parameters; in the arc forming process, according to the polygonal projection shape of the side wall of the box body type part on the substrate, the arc starting and arc stopping points of each layer of path are respectively borne by different polygonal vertexes;
step four: carrying out heat treatment on the formed part; performing low-temperature stress relief annealing on the formed part, wherein the annealing temperature is 240 ℃ and 270 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h;
step five: and (5) machining the whole part to obtain a final finished product.
Preferably, in the first step, the substrate is polished by 400-mesh sand paper, and the surface roughness beneficial to the back welding can be obtained while removing the oxide film.
Preferably, in the step one, the polished substrate is cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol, so that harmful pollution to operators and the environment can be avoided while oil is removed.
Preferably, in the second step, the arc additive forming selective pulse cold metal transition process (CMT + P) can significantly reduce heat input and welding slag splashing in the additive process, and improve the forming quality.
Preferably, in the second step, the welding speed (TS) is 5-8mm/s, the Wire Feeding Speed (WFS) is 3-5m/min, the shielding gas is argon with the purity of not less than 99.99%, and the flow of the shielding gas is more than or equal to 25L/min, so that the generation of pores can be reduced and a better forming appearance can be obtained.
Preferably, in the third step, the gas is fed in advance for 1s before the arc of each layer of path is started, and the gas is closed for 1.5s after the arc is closed, so that the oxidation of the material is reduced.
Preferably, in the third step, after the material addition of each layer of the path is completed, the next path is started after cooling for 10-15s, so that the heat accumulation between layers is reduced, and the part obtains better forming appearance and internal structure.
Compared with the traditional method, the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy box parts based on the electric arc additive technology has the advantages of high material utilization rate, short processing period and good forming appearance, and is particularly suitable for quickly and efficiently manufacturing the box parts of the aerospace electronic products with multiple varieties and small batches.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the aluminum alloy case parts of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the aluminum alloy case parts of example 2.
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of the manufacturing method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples, as shown in fig. 3, the steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: polishing an aluminum alloy substrate, cleaning and removing oil, and fixing on a workbench;
step two: selecting process parameters required by electric arc additive forming according to the size and distribution of the side wall of a box part to be formed, wherein the process parameters comprise welding Speed (TS), Wire Feed Speed (WFS) and protective gas flow;
step three: arc forming the side wall of the box type part on the substrate according to the process parameters; preferably, in the third step, in the arc forming process, according to the polygonal projection shape of the side wall of the box-type part on the substrate, the arc starting and arc stopping points of each layer of path are respectively borne by different polygonal vertexes, so that heat accumulation can be effectively avoided, and a better forming appearance can be obtained.
Step four: carrying out heat treatment on the formed part; performing low-temperature stress relief annealing on the formed part, wherein the annealing temperature is 240 ℃ and 270 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h;
step five: and (5) machining the whole part to obtain a final finished product.
Preferably, in the first step, the substrate is polished by 400-mesh sand paper, and the surface roughness beneficial to the back welding can be obtained while removing the oxide film.
Preferably, in the step one, the polished substrate is cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol, so that harmful pollution to operators and the environment can be avoided while oil is removed.
Preferably, in the second step, the arc additive forming selective pulse cold metal transition process (CMT + P) can significantly reduce heat input and welding slag splashing in the additive process, and improve the forming quality.
Preferably, in the second step, the welding speed (TS) is 5-8mm/s, the Wire Feeding Speed (WFS) is 3-5m/min, the shielding gas is argon with the purity of not less than 99.99%, and the flow of the shielding gas is more than or equal to 25L/min, so that the generation of pores can be reduced and a better forming appearance can be obtained.
Preferably, in the third step, the gas is fed in advance for 1s before the arc of each layer of path is started, and the gas is closed for 1.5s after the arc is closed, so that the oxidation of the material is reduced.
Preferably, in the third step, after the material addition of each layer of the path is completed, the next path is started after cooling for 10-15s, so that the heat accumulation between layers is reduced, and the part obtains better forming appearance and internal structure.
Example 1:
the aluminum alloy box body part to be prepared is shown in FIG. 1, the length, width and height are 255X 200X 65mm respectively, and the wall thickness is 3 mm. Selecting a 5A06 aluminum plate with the size of 350 multiplied by 300 multiplied by 6mm as a substrate, polishing the substrate by 400-mesh sand paper to remove an oxidation film, wiping the substrate clean by absolute ethyl alcohol and horizontally fixing the substrate on a workbench by adopting
5B06 aluminum alloy welding wire, forming the side wall of a part by using electric arc additive on a substrate, selecting a pulse cold metal transition process (CMT + P) for the forming process, wherein the welding speed (TS) is 5-8mm/s, the Wire Feed Speed (WFS) is 3-5m/min, the flow of protective gas is not less than 25L/min, feeding air in advance for 1s before the arc start of each layer of path, delaying to close the air for 1.5s after the arc is closed, pausing for 10-15s between layers, performing low-temperature stress relief annealing on the part after forming, keeping the annealing temperature at 240 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-3h, then performing mechanical processing on the whole part, removing the allowance, and finally achieving the drawing requirement to obtain a finished product.
Example 2:
the aluminum alloy box body part to be prepared is shown in FIG. 2, the length, width and height are 194 mm multiplied by 150 mm multiplied by 50mm respectively, and the wall thickness is 3 mm. Selecting a 5A06 aluminum plate with the size of 300X 250X 6mm as a substrate, polishing the substrate by 400-mesh sand paper to remove an oxidation film, wiping the substrate clean by absolute ethyl alcohol, horizontally fixing the substrate on a workbench, and adopting
5B06 aluminum alloy welding wire, wherein the side wall of the part is formed by adding materials in an electric arc on a substrate, the forming process selects a pulse cold metal transition process (CMT + P), the welding speed (TS) is 5-8mm/s, the Wire Feed Speed (WFS) is 3-5m/min, the flow of protective gas is not less than 25L/min, the air is fed in advance for 1s before the arc start of each layer of path, the air is closed for 1.5s after the arc is closed, and the interlayer pause is 10And (5) 15s, performing low-temperature stress relief annealing on the part after forming, keeping the annealing temperature at 240 +/-10 ℃ for 2-3h, then performing mechanical processing on the whole part, removing the allowance, and finally achieving the drawing requirement to obtain a finished product.
The two embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy box body type part based on the electric arc additive is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: polishing an aluminum alloy substrate, cleaning and removing oil, and fixing on a workbench;
step two: selecting process parameters required by electric arc additive forming according to the size and distribution of the side wall of a box part to be formed, wherein the process parameters comprise welding Speed (TS), Wire Feed Speed (WFS) and protective gas flow;
step three: arc forming the side wall of the box type part on the substrate according to the process parameters; in the arc forming process, according to the polygonal projection shape of the side wall of the box body type part on the substrate, the arc starting and arc stopping points of each layer of path are respectively borne by different polygonal vertexes;
step four: carrying out heat treatment on the formed part; performing low-temperature stress relief annealing on the formed part, wherein the annealing temperature is 240 ℃ and 270 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h;
step five: and (5) machining the whole part to obtain a final finished product.
2. The manufacturing method of the arc-based additive aluminum alloy box part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
in the first step, the substrate is polished by 400-mesh sand paper.
3. The manufacturing method of the arc-based additive aluminum alloy box part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
in the first step, the polished substrate is cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol.
4. The manufacturing method of the arc-based additive aluminum alloy box part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
in the second step, the electric arc additive forming selects a pulse cold metal transition process (CMT + P).
5. The manufacturing method of the arc-based additive aluminum alloy box part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
in the second step, the welding speed (TS) is 5-8mm/s, the Wire Feeding Speed (WFS) is 3-5m/min, the protective gas is argon with the purity not lower than 99.99 percent, and the flow of the protective gas is not less than 25L/min.
6. The manufacturing method of the arc-based additive aluminum alloy box part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
in the third step, the gas is supplied for 1s in advance before the arc of each layer of path is started, and the gas is closed for 1.5s after the arc is closed.
7. The manufacturing method of the arc-based additive aluminum alloy box part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
in the third step, after the material adding of each layer of path is completed, cooling for 10-15s, and then starting the next path.
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| CN201911387206.3A CN111014886A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy box body type part based on electric arc additive |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112427883A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-03-02 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing aluminum cell shell |
| CN115041700A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-09-13 | 中钛国创(青岛)科技有限公司 | Increase-decrease mixed preparation method of titanium alloy brake pad holder |
| CN115319420A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Manufacturing method of titanium alloy disc type part based on electric arc additive |
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Application publication date: 20200417 |