CN111011684A - 一种昆仑雪菊水提物饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种昆仑雪菊水提物饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种昆仑雪菊水提物饮料以质量份数计，包括如下组分：饮用水100份、昆仑雪菊水提物3‑8份、红景天提取物2‑8份、积雪草提取物1‑5份、赤藓糖醇2‑15、维生素C 0.1‑2份、柠檬酸钠0.1‑1份、食用香精0.08‑0.1份。本发明以昆仑雪菊水提物作为主要原料，并组合维生素C、赤藓糖醇，能促进昆仑雪菊水提物在人体内的吸收，增强产品的抗氧化，可以降低昆仑雪菊化合物在饮料的生产制备过程中黄酮化合物的损失率，增强功能性饮料的降压效果，还增加了所述饮料的美容功效；还消除了昆仑雪菊水提物的酸味，改善产品口感。本发明的饮料中还加入了赤藓糖醇和柠檬酸钠，上述成分之间相互协调融合，进一步提升了饮料的口感。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品精加工技术领域，具体涉及一种昆仑雪菊水提物饮料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会经济发展的日新月异和人们生活水平的提高，消费者对饮料的要求越来越高，更希望其具有特定的功效。因此，由于市场的需求功能性饮料的出现满足了现代人的需求。另外，由于消费者对生活品质的较高要求，期望能在一款饮料中能同时获得多种功效。
昆仑雪菊，又名血菊，广泛分布于我国新疆和田地区，海拔3000m以上的昆仑山北麓一带。昆仑雪菊在降血压、降血脂方面具有显著功效而被广泛应用于民间，然而因技术手段限制无法充分开发雪菊的价值，昆仑雪菊产品线单一，市场上的主要以冲泡茶为主，原料受资本市场影响大，导致其价格不稳定，而且由于工艺技术的限制，高附加值产品少，致使雪菊资源严重浪费，本研究旨在以一种简便的提取方法，充分吸取昆仑雪菊食用习惯优势，将昆仑雪菊制备为一款饮料，提高附加值，延长货架期的产品。
胶原蛋白是生物高分子，动物***中的主要成分，也是哺乳动物体内含量最多、分布最广的功能性蛋白，占蛋白质总量的25％～30％，某些生物体甚至高达80％以上。胶原蛋白是维持皮肤与肌肉弹性的主要成分，皮肤中一旦缺乏胶原蛋白，皮肤便会失去弹性并变薄老化，使皮肤出现皱纹、皱裂等一系列老化现象。因此，人们为了保持皮肤弹性维持年轻状态，一般通过食补的方式补充胶原蛋白。但是，由于胶原蛋白是大分子蛋白质，其分子量较大，并不能直接被人体吸收。含胶原蛋白的食物必须分解成小分子氨基酸，才能被肠道吸收利用。
综上，本发明人经过深入的研究，开发出了一种多功能饮料，同时含多种植物提取物的功能饮料，并解决了昆仑雪菊水提物的口感不好的技术问题，以满足当代人对饮料的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处而提供一种昆仑雪菊水提物饮料。为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种昆仑雪菊水提物饮料以质量份数计，包括如下组分：饮用水100份、昆仑雪菊水提物10-20份、红景天提取物8-15份、积雪草提取物1-5份、赤藓糖醇2-15份、维生素C0.1-2份、柠檬酸钠0.1-1份、食用香精0.08-0.1份。
优选地，所述的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料以质量份数计，包括如下组分：饮用水100份、昆仑雪菊水提物12-18份、红景天提取物10-12份、积雪草提取物2-4份、赤藓糖醇6-12份、维生素C0.3-0.6份、柠檬酸钠0.3-0.6份、食用香精0.1-0.3份。
优选地，所述的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料以质量份数计，包括如下组分：饮用水100份、昆仑雪菊水提物15份、红景天提取物11份、积雪草提取物3份、赤藓糖醇12份、维生素C 0.6份、柠檬酸钠0.6份、食用香精0.3份。
一种所述昆仑雪菊水提物饮料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1制备昆仑雪菊水提物；
S2制备昆仑雪菊水提物饮料。
作为本发明的进一步优选方案，所述制备昆仑雪菊水提物的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将昆仑雪菊头状花序至于粉碎机中粉碎，加入纯水中，加热至40-55℃，超声波功率为300w，浸提10min，重复浸提，将提取完成的混合物过滤去除滤渣，得到滤液。
(2)将步骤(1)获得的滤液与大孔树脂按照质量比1:3～5混合；控制大孔树脂吸附纯化吸附速度为30mL/min时，以纯水为洗脱剂，重复吸附。
(3)采用真空浓缩，将滤液加入旋转蒸发仪中，在负压-0.04至-0.09MPa的环境下浓缩，转速控制在30-60转/min，温度控制在40-55℃，浓缩至浓稠状后，置于真空干燥箱中，在40-55℃、-0.04至-0.09MPa环境中干燥预设时间，然后冲入干燥空气或惰性气体至干燥环境恢复标准大气压，之后再次将干燥环境抽至-0.04至-0.09MPa并干燥预设时间，重复进行上述过程直至干燥完成，得到昆仑雪菊水提物。
作为本发明的进一步优选方案，所述步骤(1)中粉碎环境温度控制在-18℃，转速为120r/min，粉碎时间每30s一暂停，直到粉碎工艺完成，粉碎至粒径80目；
作为本发明的进一步优选方案，所述步骤(1)中过滤置于布式漏斗装置中，-0.02MPa迅速抽滤。
作为本发明的进一步优选方案，所述制备昆仑雪菊水提物饮料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)称量：配方组分称取原料；
(2)调配：在搅拌式夹层锅中加入配方量的纯水，加热至40-45℃，边搅拌边将称取好的物料溶于水中，充分搅拌溶解均匀。
(3)灌装：将灭菌好的饮料进行分装，装入玻璃瓶中，轧盖封口，或装入饮料袋中进行封口。
(4)灭菌：将封好口的饮料放入灭菌柜中，灭菌完成后进行包装即得成品。
作为本发明的进一步优选方案，所述灭菌参数为灭菌温度115℃，灭菌20min。
本发明采用水提法制备昆仑雪菊提取液，保留了昆仑雪菊的营养和功能，灭菌包装作为高附加值的商品，极大的提高了原料的价值。此外，赤藓糖醇为天然零热量甜味剂，在极大改善昆仑雪菊水提物饮料口感体验的同时，还不引起血糖的升高，有利于人体健康。
《新华本草纲要》载：雪菊性情温和，能清热解毒，可用于痢疾，眼疾头痛等。中医用全草入药煎煮来进行腹泻的治疗；《本草纲目》记载：雪菊具有益肾补阴，用于治疗风湿、头痛等，效果显著；《本草经疏》曰“雪菊安肠胃，利五脉，调四肢，利气血等具有诸多重要的药用价值”。
昆仑雪菊叶水浸提液的主要成分包括2-甲基苯甲醛、香橙烯氧化物、丁香酚、白菖油萜环氧化物、紫堇黄酮、金菊查尔酮糖苷、二氢黄铜糖苷，苯乙醇、香草醛。
其作用包括：
心血管***活性：黄酮、酚类等小分子活性化合物具有强心、扩张冠状血管、改善毛细血管渗透性、增加冠脉血流量、抗溶血、抗心律失常、降压等作用，已经被广泛用于心血管疾病的治疗。
抗肿瘤、抗癌活性：多数多酚黄酮类化合物能猝灭自由基中段连锁反应，而大量自由基是促使细胞癌变的重要因素。Ken Yasukawa发现从昆仑雪菊中提取的三萜类化合物能抑制小鼠皮肤肿瘤；MotohikoUkiya等从雪菊中分离鉴定了15个三萜类化合物，并证明它们都具有抗肿瘤活性。
抗氧化、清除自由基活性：富含酚羟基的多酚类物质一般都具有很强的抗氧化能力，会优先跟自由基结合从而起到保护组织器官免受自由基侵害的目的。
对中枢神经***的保护作用和对记忆的影响：有研究证实黄酮提取物能抑制兴奋性神经上由K+引起谷氨酸释放，而后着在过渡释放的情况下会导致神经过渡兴奋，至使兴奋性神经毒性损伤。黄酮类化合物还是一种Ca2+通道拮抗剂，能保护神经***处于稳定状态。
镇咳、祛痰、平喘功能：黄酮类化合物分子中含有α、β不饱和酮结构，有研究表明这对黄酮化合物作用于神经中枢起止咳、祛痰、平喘作用有关。例如，小叶批把素具有明显的镇咳作用，还兼具平喘、消炎、祛痰的作用；粗毛豚草素有镇咳和祛痰作用；木犀草苷也具有止咳、平喘作用，并应用于临床。
抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎功能：多酚、黄酮类化合物通常具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎作用，研究发现从雪菊全株中提取的挥发性成分对大肠杆菌、芽孢杆菌有抑制活性；茶多酚具有抑制幽门螺旋菌生长的作用，槲皮素、山奈酚等有抗菌作用等。
除上述功能外，某些化合物还具有提高机体免疫力、防止骨质疏松、抗衰老、保肝、护肝、解痉、***作用、降血糖、美肤等功能。
红景天提取物是红景天根部的提取物，气香甜、味苦涩，主要成份为红景天苷和甙元酪醇，红景天具有有效的抗氧化能力，通过限制自由基伤害的不利作用，其可有效抵御衰老因子，是一种纯天然的抗氧化剂。
积雪草提取物的主要成分为积雪草甙、积雪草酸和羟基积雪草酸，积雪草提取物能使皮肤变柔软，有助于解决皮肤松弛现象，使皮肤光滑有弹性，积雪草还能够帮助促进真皮层中胶原蛋白的形成，使纤维蛋白再生，重新连接起来，从根本上消除皱纹，使肌肤达到紧致光滑的效果。
维生素C在起到改善产品酸味的同时，还具有抗氧化性的作用，在饮料的生产制备过程中，其可以优先与氧化剂反应，避免了昆仑雪菊水提物被氧化，从而使得昆仑雪菊水提物的活性得以保持，进一步提高了产品的稳定性
有益效果
(1)本发明以昆仑雪菊水提物作为主要原料，并组合植物提取物——红景天和积雪草提取物，增加本发明饮料的美容功能。通过实验证明，本发明的功能性饮料能保持皮肤的水分，促进真皮层中胶原蛋白的形成，提高皮肤弹性，减少皱纹使皮肤光滑有弹性。
(2)本发明的饮料联合具有强抗氧化能力的维生素C、赤藓糖醇，这些原料在本发明制备方法的协助下得以很好地相互协同作用，能促进昆仑雪菊提取物在人体内的吸收，增强产品的抗氧化，可以降低昆仑雪菊化合物在饮料的生产制备过程中酚苷化合物的损失率，增强功能性饮料的降压效果；还消除了昆仑雪菊的提取化合物的酸味，使产品得到怡人的口感和芳香。本发明的饮料中还加入了赤藓糖醇和柠檬酸钠，它们与上述成分之间相互协调融合，进一步提升了饮料的口感，使饮料酸甜适中，口感细腻爽滑。
(3)本发明所采用的原料组分均具有良好的水溶性，易于被人体吸收，保健效果好。
(4)本发明制得的功能饮料的稳定性好，不易分层，本发明制备方法中，对饮料采用高温瞬时灭菌，能彻底杀灭饮料中的细菌，同时使饮料的营养成分保留完好。
附图说明
图1为槲皮素标准曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了更加简洁明了的展示本发明的技术方案、目的和优点，下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细描述。
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。实施例中，所用原料均可通过商业途径购买得到。
本发明实施例提供一种昆仑雪菊水提物饮料，其配方组成如下表所示：
实施例1-5昆仑雪菊水提物饮料的制备方法如下：
S1制备昆仑雪菊水提物
(1)将干燥且冷冻保存24h的昆仑雪菊头状花序至于粉碎机中粉碎，粉碎环境温度控制在-18℃，转速为120r/min，粉碎时间每30s一暂停，直到粉碎工艺完成，粉碎至粒径80目；加入5倍量纯水中，加热至40-55℃，超声波功率为300w，浸提10min，重复浸提三次，将提取完成的混合物置于布式漏斗装置中，-0.02MPa迅速抽滤，过滤去除滤渣，得到滤液。
(2)将步骤(1)获得的滤液与大孔树脂按照质量比1:3～5混合；滤液经大孔树脂吸附纯化，控制大孔树脂吸附纯化吸附速度为30mL/min时，以3倍体积纯水为洗脱剂，重复吸附三次。
(3)采用真空浓缩，将滤液加入旋转蒸发仪中，在负压-0.04至-0.09MPa的环境下浓缩，转速控制在30-60转/min，温度控制在40-55℃，浓缩至浓稠状后，置于真空干燥箱中，在40-55℃、-0.04至-0.09MPa环境中干燥预设时间，然后冲入干燥空气或惰性气体至干燥环境恢复标准大气压，之后再次将干燥环境抽至-0.04至-0.09MPa并干燥预设时间，重复进行上述过程直至干燥完成，得到昆仑雪菊水提物。
S2制备昆仑雪菊水提物饮料
(1)称量：配方组分称取原料；
(2)调配：在搅拌式夹层锅中加入配方量的纯水，加热至40-45℃，边搅拌边将称取好的物料溶于水中，充分搅拌溶解均匀。
(3)灌装：将灭菌好的饮料进行分装，装入玻璃瓶中，轧盖封口，或装入饮料袋中进行封口。
(4)灭菌：将封好口的饮料放入灭菌柜中，控制灭菌温度为115℃进行，灭菌20min，灭菌完成后进行包装即得成品。
本发明对比例提供一种昆仑雪菊水提物饮料，其配方组成如下表所示：
对比例1-5的功能饮料的制备方法参照上述实施例1-5的饮料的制备方法。
测定实施例1-5和对比例1-5制备的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料中总黄酮的含量，具体方法如下：
采用AlCl3比色法测定总黄酮含量，以槲皮素制作标准曲线：精确称取0.5g槲皮素溶于25mL 80％的乙醇中，得到浓度为200μg·mL-1的贮备溶液，取贮备溶液依次稀释成20.0、40.0、60.0、80.0、100.0、120.0、140.0、160.0μg·mL-1的标准溶液。吸取0.5mL标准或样品溶液，依次加入1.5mL 95％的乙醇溶液、0.1mL 10％的AlCl3溶液、0.1mL 1mol·L-1的乙酸钾溶液以及2.8mL去离子水，混合均匀，于室温下静置30min后，在415nm处测定吸光度值，每个样品平行测定三次。空白以蒸馏水代替槲皮素溶液。
得到的槲皮素的标准曲线方程y＝0.0037x-0.0075，(R2＝0.9946)(式中，x为槲皮素溶液浓度，μg·L-1，y为样品的吸光度)。测得实施例1-4和对比例1-3制备的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料中总黄酮的含量如下表所示：
由上表可知，实施例1-5中的黄铜类化合物的含量均高于对比例1-5。对比例1由于不含昆仑雪菊水提物，因此黄酮类化合物含量最低；对比例5中由于缺少维生素C，在饮料制备的过程中昆仑雪菊水提物被氧化，导致黄酮类化合物含量有所降低。实施例1-5中随着昆仑雪菊水提物含量的增加，为了保护其不会被氧化，维生素的含量也有所增加。
效果例1
选择100名25-30岁排便不规律，排便时间长，身体虚弱，出现易疲劳等亚健康状况的女性作为志愿者进行功能性饮料的效果测试，100名志愿者均分为10组，分别试饮实施例1-5和对比例1-5的功能饮料，每人每天早中晚各一只(50ml/只)，持续3个月，记录口感、皮肤光泽度、皮肤皱纹和皮肤持水性，以及排便状况和精神状态的变化。测试期间，所有志愿者的饮食习惯均保持一致。测试结果如下表所示：
效果排序(从优到差)：改善显著＞有改善＞稍有改善＞无明显改善。
同时使用皮肤水份测定仪、皮肤水份流失测定仪以及皮肤光泽度测试探头分别测定皮肤水份含量、皮肤水份流失以及皮肤光泽度增量。测试结果如下表所示：
效果例2
选择100名25-30岁常规运动后出现乏力，心跳剧烈加快，正常饮食后血糖快速升高，短暂饥饿会出现头晕等潜在的高血压血糖症状人群作为高血压志愿者进行功能性饮料的效果测试，100名志愿者均分为10组，分别试饮实施例1-5和对比例1-5的功能饮料，每人每天早中饭后2h各饮用两只(50ml/只)，持续3个月，记录饮食或饥饿后的血糖剧烈波动情况的变化。测试期间，所有志愿者的饮食习惯均保持一致。测试结果如下表所示：
| 组别 | 心跳剧烈加快状况 | 头晕症状 |
| 实施例1 | 改善显著 | 改善显著 |
| 实施例2 | 改善显著 | 改善显著 |
| 实施例3 | 改善显著 | 改善显著 |
| 实施例4 | 改善显著 | 改善显著 |
| 实施例5 | 改善显著 | 改善显著 |
| 对比例1 | 无改善 | 无改善 |
| 对比例2 | 稍有改善 | 稍有改善 |
| 对比例3 | 稍有改善 | 稍有改善 |
| 对比例4 | 稍有改善 | 稍有改善 |
| 对比例5 | 稍有改善 | 稍有改善 |
由效果例1、2可知，本发明的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料能使饮用者的皮肤有所改善。还能改善排便不规律，排便时间长，身体虚弱，出现易疲劳等亚健康状况，在饮用本发明的功能性饮料2周内使饮用者的改变排便规律，排便时间短，还使得其精力有所改善。本发明的功能性饮料明显减轻常规运动后出现乏力，心跳剧烈加快，正常饮食后血糖快速升高，短暂饥饿会出现头晕等潜在的高血压血糖症状，减轻饮食或饥饿后的血糖剧烈波动情况。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (9)
1.一种昆仑雪菊水提物饮料，其特征在于，以质量份数计包括如下组分：饮用水100份、昆仑雪菊水提物10-20份、红景天提取物8-15份、积雪草提取物1-5份、赤藓糖醇2-15份、维生素C 0.1-2份、柠檬酸钠0.1-1份、食用香精0.08-0.1份。
2.如权利要求1所述的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料，其特征在于，以质量份数计包括如下组分：饮用水100份、昆仑雪菊水提物12-18份、红景天提取物10-12份、积雪草提取物2-4份、赤藓糖醇6-12份、维生素C0.3-0.6份、柠檬酸钠0.3-0.6份、食用香精0.1-0.3份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料，其特征在于，以质量份数计包括如下组分：饮用水100份、昆仑雪菊水提物15份、红景天提取物11份、积雪草提取物3份、赤藓糖醇12份、维生素C 0.6份、柠檬酸钠0.6份、食用香精0.3份。
4.一种如权利要求1～3任一项所述的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1分别制备昆仑雪菊水提物、红景天提取物和积雪草提取物；
S2制备昆仑雪菊水提物饮料。
5.如权利要求4所述的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的制备昆仑雪菊水提物的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将昆仑雪菊头状花序至于粉碎机中粉碎，加入纯水中，加热至40-55℃，超声波功率为300w，浸提10min，重复浸提，将提取完成的混合物过滤去除滤渣，得到滤液。
(2)将步骤(1)获得的滤液与大孔树脂按照质量比1:3～5混合；控制大孔树脂吸附纯化吸附速度为30mL/min时，以纯水为洗脱剂，重复吸附。
(3)采用真空浓缩，将滤液加入旋转蒸发仪中，在负压-0.04至-0.09MPa 的环境下浓缩，转速控制在30-60转/min，温度控制在40-55℃，浓缩至浓稠状后，置于真空干燥箱中，在40-55℃、-0.04至-0.09MPa环境中干燥预设时间，然后冲入干燥空气或惰性气体至干燥环境恢复标准大气压，之后再次将干燥环境抽至-0.04至-0.09MPa并干燥预设时间，重复进行上述过程直至干燥完成，得到昆仑雪菊水提物。
6.如权利要求5所述的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备昆仑雪菊水提物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中粉碎环境温度控制在-18℃，转速为120r/min，粉碎时间每30s一暂停，直到粉碎工艺完成，粉碎至粒径80目。
7.如权利要求5所述的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中过滤置于布式漏斗装置中，-0.02MPa迅速抽滤。
8.如权利要求4所述的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备昆仑雪菊水提物饮料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)称量：配方组分称取原料；
(2)调配：在搅拌式夹层锅中加入配方量的纯水，加热至40-45℃，边搅拌边将称取好的物料溶于水中，充分搅拌溶解均匀。
(3)灌装：将灭菌好的饮料进行分装，装入玻璃瓶中，轧盖封口，或装入饮料袋中进行封口。
(4)灭菌：将封好口的饮料放入灭菌柜中，灭菌完成后进行包装即得成品。
9.如权利要求5所述的昆仑雪菊水提物饮料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述灭菌参数为灭菌温度115℃，灭菌20min。
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| US20040161524A1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2004-08-19 | Yasushi Sakai | Process for producing a plant extract containing plant powder |
| CN105982122A (zh) * | 2015-03-03 | 2016-10-05 | 才让旦知 | 一种藏密雪菊饮料及其制作方法 |
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