CN111000090A - Micro-particle feed, preparation method, compound phagostimulant for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and application - Google Patents

Micro-particle feed, preparation method, compound phagostimulant for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and application Download PDF

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CN111000090A
CN111000090A CN201911304043.8A CN201911304043A CN111000090A CN 111000090 A CN111000090 A CN 111000090A CN 201911304043 A CN201911304043 A CN 201911304043A CN 111000090 A CN111000090 A CN 111000090A
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CN111000090B (en
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艾庆辉
黄文兴
姚传伟
刘勇涛
尹兆阳
许宁
麦康森
徐玮
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Ocean University of China
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of juvenile fish culture feed, and discloses a micro-pellet feed, a preparation method, a large yellow croaker and juvenile fish compound phagostimulant and application thereof, wherein the compound phagostimulant comprises 0-25% of 5-guanosine-disodium phosphate, 0-25% of 5-adenosine-disodium phosphate, 0-35% of microcrystalline cellulose and 60-75% of squid powder by mass percent. The micro-pellet feed has high sphericity, smooth surface and uniform distribution of components in the pellet. The novel process for preparing the compound phagostimulant and the micro-particle feed is applied as the high-efficiency artificial micro-particle feed for preparing the young large yellow croakers, so that the early adaptation of the young large yellow croakers to the artificial micro-particle feed is effectively promoted, the damage to the digestive system of the young large yellow croakers caused by the poor physical properties of the micro-particle feed is reduced, the growth and survival of the young large yellow croakers are improved, and a foundation is laid for improving the fry quality of the large yellow; promotes the sustainable development of the large yellow croaker fry industry and creates good economic benefit.

Description

Micro-particle feed, preparation method, compound phagostimulant for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of juvenile fish culture feed, and particularly relates to a micro-pellet feed, a preparation method, a large yellow croaker and juvenile fish compound phagostimulant and application.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art: the large yellow croaker (Larimichys crocea) belongs to Perciformes (Perciformes), the Scieidae (Sciaenidae) and the yellow croaker (Larimichys), is a warm-warm offshore fish, is a unique marine culture fish in China, and is concerned due to delicious taste and great commercial value.
In recent decades, large yellow croakers are excessively fished, wild large yellow croaker resources face exhaustion, cultivation of the large yellow croakers is industrialized nowadays to meet the requirements of markets for the large yellow croakers, according to annual survey statistics of Chinese fishery in 2019, the annual yield of the large yellow croakers reaches 19.8 ten thousand tons, and the large yellow croakers are the first aquaculture yield of domestic marine fishes. However, when the large yellow croaker industry is rapidly developed, the fry production is a bottleneck factor restricting the development of the large yellow croaker, the large yellow croaker fry production mainly depends on biological baits (such as rotifers, artemia, copepods and the like) at present, but the biological baits also have the defects of high cost, uneven quality, unstable supply, possible carrying of pathogenic microorganisms and the like, and the development of novel large yellow croaker fry feedstuff to replace the biological baits becomes a key for the large yellow croaker fry production. The pseudosciaena crocea larvae are in the early stage of fish growth, and have small individuals and incomplete development of digestive systems. When the artificial micro-particle feed is fed in this period, the phenomena of low feeding enthusiasm and low survival rate of the young fishes exist, probably because the phagostimulant property of the micro-particle feed is not strong, the young fishes have high requirements on the physical properties of the micro-particle feed, and the excessive grain size or the inappropriate hardness of the micro-particle feed can cause damage to the digestive system of the young fishes, so that the survival rate of the young fishes is reduced.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the existing biological bait used for breeding the large yellow croaker fries has the defects of high cost, uneven quality, unstable supply and possible carrying of pathogenic microorganisms; the feeding of artificial micro-particle feed has the defects of low feeding enthusiasm of the young fishes and low survival rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a micro-pellet feed, a preparation method, a compound phagostimulant for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and an application thereof.
The invention is realized in such a way that the compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croakers consists of 0-25% of 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 0-25% of 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, 0-35% of microcrystalline cellulose and 60-75% of squid powder in percentage by mass.
Further, the compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croakers consists of 8.33 percent of 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 8.33 percent of 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, 16.67 percent of microcrystalline cellulose and 66.67 percent of squid powder in percentage by mass.
Further, the analytical purity of the 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, the 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, the microcrystalline cellulose and the squid powder is not less than 98%.
The invention also aims to provide a micro-particle feed containing the compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croakers.
Further, the micro-particle feed consists of white fish meal, krill meal, soybean protein concentrate, gluten meal, yeast extract, α starch, sodium alginate, fish oil, soybean lecithin, mineral premix, vitamin premix and a compound phagostimulant for young large yellow croakers.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the micro-pellet feed, which is used for crushing, proportioning, mixing, stirring and granulating various raw materials in a feed formula of the pseudosciaena crocea larvae to obtain the micro-pellet feed.
Further, the preparation method of the micro-particle feed comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing and stirring crushed squid powder, 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt and microcrystalline cellulose according to a proportion to obtain a compound phagostimulant for the large yellow croaker and the young fish;
secondly, crushing and proportioning other raw materials in the feed for the young large yellow croakers, stirring and mixing the raw materials with the composite phagostimulant, and adding sodium alginate liquid for mixing until uniform and sticky blocks are formed;
and thirdly, extruding the feed into a slender strip shape by using an axial single-screw spherical extruder, then preparing the feed into micro-granular feed with the grain diameter of 1mm by using a rolling machine, and finally drying to obtain the micro-granular feed.
Further, the mixing and stirring temperature is 26-35 ℃, the time is 30-45 min, the mixing and stirring speed is 300-500 rpm/min, the rotating speed of the axial single-screw spherical extruder is 50-90rpm/min, and the rotating speed of the rounding machine is 1000-1500 rpm/min.
Further, the mixing and stirring speed is 500rpm/min, the rotating speed of the axial single-screw spherical extruder is 70rpm/min, and the rotating speed of the rounding machine is 1200 rpm/min.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the micro-particle feed in the process of culturing the young large yellow croakers.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the compound phagostimulant for the large yellow croaker and the young fish provided by the invention consists of squid powder, 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt and microcrystalline cellulose. The disodium 5-guanosine monophosphate and the disodium 5-adenosine monophosphate can effectively stimulate the olfactory and gustatory systems of fishes when dissolved in water, and researches on aquatic animals prove that the disodium 5-guanosine monophosphate and the disodium 5-adenosine monophosphate can be used as food attractant for the aquatic animals, but the mutual matching of the disodium 5-guanosine monophosphate and the disodium 5-adenosine monophosphate and the compound food attractant prepared by matching with squid powder with the same food attractant effect are more likely to stimulate the young fishes to actively take the micro-particle feed.
The novel process for preparing the micro-pellet feed provided by the invention has the advantages that the particle size of the prepared micro-pellet feed can reach 1mm, the micro-pellet feed is high in sphericity and smooth in surface, components in the spherical particles are uniformly distributed, and the dissolution is not easy to meet the feeding requirement of the young fishes, so that the damage to the digestive system of the young fishes caused by the poor physical properties of the micro-pellet feed can be reduced, and the growth and survival of the young fishes are improved.
The efficient micro-pellet feed prepared by the new process for preparing the compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croakers and the micro-pellet feed can be a more feasible way for improving the adaptation of the young large yellow croakers to the improvement of the artificial micro-pellet feed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a micro-pellet feed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relative gene expression amount of an ingestion gene NPY provided in an example of the present invention;
in the figure: the dynamic influence of allicin with different concentrations and hunger time on relative gene expression of the NPY of the young fishes. The data in the same row with different lower case letters and the data in the same column with different upper case letters show significant difference (P < 0.05); p <0.001, P <0.01, P <0.05, ns P > 0.05.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relative gene expression levels of the feeding gene Ghrelin provided in the example of the present invention. In the figure: the allicin with different concentrations and the hunger time have dynamic influence on relative gene expression of the Ghrelin of the juvenile fish. The data in the same row with different lower case letters and the data in the same column with different upper case letters show significant difference (P < 0.05); p <0.001, P <0.01, P <0.05, ns P > 0.05.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a micro-pellet feed, a preparation method, a compound phagostimulant for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and application thereof, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
The compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croakers provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 0-25% of 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 0-25% of 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, 0-35% of microcrystalline cellulose and 60-75% of squid powder by mass percent.
The compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croakers provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 8.33% of 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 8.33% of 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, 16.67% of microcrystalline cellulose and 66.67% of squid meal by mass percent.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the analytical purities of the 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, the 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, the microcrystalline cellulose and the squid powder are all more than or equal to 98 percent.
The micro-particle feed provided by the embodiment of the invention consists of white fish meal, krill meal, soybean protein concentrate, gluten meal, yeast extract, α starch, sodium alginate, fish oil, soybean lecithin, mineral premix, vitamin premix and a compound phagostimulant for young large yellow croakers.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the micro-pellet feed provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
s101: mixing and stirring the crushed squid powder, 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt and microcrystalline cellulose according to a proportion to obtain the compound feeding attractant for the large yellow croaker and the young fish.
S102: pulverizing other raw materials in the feed formula of the pseudosciaena crocea larvae, proportioning, stirring and mixing with the composite phagostimulant, adding sodium alginate liquid, and mixing until uniform and sticky blocks are formed.
S103: extruding the feed into a slender strip shape by using an axial single-screw spherical extruder, then preparing the feed into a micro-particle feed with the particle size of 1mm by using a spheronizer, and finally drying to obtain the micro-particle feed.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixing and stirring temperature is 26-35 ℃, the time is 30-45 min, the mixing and stirring speed is 300-500 rpm/min, the rotation speed of the axial single-screw spherical extruder is 50-90rpm/min, and the rotation speed of the spheronizer is 1000-1500 rpm/min.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixing and stirring speed is 500rpm/min, the rotation speed of the axial single-screw spherical extruder is 70rpm/min, and the rotation speed of the spheronizer is 1200 rpm/min.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
In the embodiment of the invention, the formula of the basic feed for the larval and juvenile pseudosciaena crocea adopted is as follows (in percentage by mass)
36% of white fish meal, 10% of krill meal, 5% of soybean protein concentrate, 12% of gluten meal, 4% of yeast extract, α starch 8%, 2% of sodium alginate, 9% of fish oil, 5% of soybean lecithin, 1% of mineral premix, 1.5% of vitamin premix, 0.2% of ascorbic acid, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.05% of mildew preventive and 0.05% of antioxidant
Example 1
The compound phagostimulant for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 66.67% of squid powder and 33.33% of microcrystalline cellulose. The compound phagostimulant is added into the basic feed for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae according to the proportion of 6 percent.
The embodiment of the present invention is different from the embodiments 2, 3, and 4 in that the embodiment does not contain 4 to 20% of disodium 5-guanosine monophosphate and 4 to 20% of disodium 5-adenosine monophosphate.
Example 2
The compound phagostimulant for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.17% of 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 4.17% of 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, 66.67% of squid powder and 24.99% of microcrystalline cellulose. The compound phagostimulant is added into the basic feed for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae according to the proportion of 6 percent.
Example 3
The compound phagostimulant for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8.33 percent of disodium 5-guanosine monophosphate, 8.33 percent of disodium 5-adenosine monophosphate, 66.67 percent of squid powder and 16.67 percent of microcrystalline cellulose. The compound phagostimulant is added into the basic feed for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae according to the proportion of 6 percent.
Example 4
The compound phagostimulant for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 16.67% of 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 16.67% of 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt and 66.67% of squid powder.
The compound phagostimulant is added into the basic feed for the pseudosciaena crocea larvae according to the proportion of 6 percent.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to experiments.
Experiment 1
4 kinds of feeds with the same crude protein and crude fat are prepared according to the feed formula in the following table, named as feed 1 to feed 4 respectively correspond to the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 4, and the rest of the feeds 1 to 4 are the same except that the compound phagostimulant is different. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 feed formulation
Figure BDA0002322595780000061
Figure BDA0002322595780000071
Note: the feed 1-4 are the same except for different phagostimulants (Attractant). Wherein, each kg of the mineral premix comprises the following components: magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO)4·7H2O), 180 mg; cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO)4·5H2O), 2.5 mg; ferrous sulfate monohydrate (FeSO)4·H2O), 24 mg; zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO)4·H2O), 17.25 mg; manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO)4·H2O), 14.31 mg; chlorination drill (CoCl)2) 0.5 mg; sodium selenite (Na)2SeO3) 0.2 mg; calcium iodate (Ca (IO)3)26HzO), 0.6 mg; calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 10000 mg; microcrystalline cellulose, 8485 mg.
Each kg of the vitamin premix comprises the following components of VA vinegar 16000IU, D3 microparticles 2500IU, α tocopherol of 120mg, sodium bisulfite methyl ethyl tea leaven (MSB) of 5.1mg, thiamine hydrochloride of 24.5mg, riboflavin microparticles of 36mg, pyridoxine of 19.8mg, cyantranilimine of 0.1mg, D-calcium pantothenate of 58.8mg, nicotinic acid of 198mg, folic acid of 19.6mg, biotin of 1.2mg, inositol of 784mg and choline chloride of 2000 mg.
The breeding experiment is carried out in the scientific and technological innovation base of oceans and fisheries in Nibo city of Zhejiang province, and the young large yellow croakers (15 days old) with the initial body mass of (4.71 +/-0.21) mg are taken as experimental objects and are made into four micro-granule feeds with 53 percent of crude protein and 19 percent of crude fat. The experimental system consists of 12 blue plastic barrels (the effective volume is 320L), 3500 tails of fries are placed in each barrel, the water temperature is 21-23 ℃, the salinity is 25-28, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, bottom suction and water change are carried out every day, the fish is fed for 7 times after being saturated, and the experimental period is 30 d. After the completion of the culture experiment, an analysis experiment was performed, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 growth index results
Figure BDA0002322595780000081
Note: the different letters in the table indicate significant difference (P <0.05)
As can be seen from the above table 2, the terminal body length of the pseudosciaena crocea larvae in the examples 2 to 4 is significantly higher than that in the example 1, and is increased by 21.19%, 36.57% and 31.39% respectively; the terminal body weight and specific growth rate showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease in examples 1-4, wherein the terminal body weight and specific growth rate of example 3 were the highest, and the terminal body weight and specific growth rate of example 3 were increased by 123.05% and the specific growth rate by 31.74% relative to example 1; the survival rate is gradually increased in the examples 1 to 4, wherein the survival rate of the example 4 is the highest, and the survival rate of the example 4 is improved by 115.23% compared with the survival rate of the example 1. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the relative expression level of the feeding promoting gene NPY is the highest in example 4 at different fasting time points, and is significantly higher than that in example 1. From FIG. 3 (in the figure: different concentrations of allicin and time of starvation on the dynamic effect of juvenile fish Ghrelin on gene expression. the upper bar of the same row data with different lower case letters and the upper bar of the same column data with different upper case letters indicates significant differences (P < 0.05;. P <0.001,. P <0.01,. P <0.05, ns P >0.05), it can be seen that the feeding-promoting gene Ghrelin was significantly elevated after 24h fasting, whereas example 1 did not change significantly within 24h fasting. The results show that when the components of the compound phagostimulant in the embodiment 3 are 8.33 percent of 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 8.33 percent of 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, 66.67 percent of squid powder and 16.67 percent of microcrystalline cellulose, the optimal breeding effect of the juvenile fish is obtained by combining a novel process for preparing micro-pellet feed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croakers is characterized by consisting of 0-25% of 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 0-25% of 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, 0-35% of microcrystalline cellulose and 60-75% of squid powder in percentage by mass.
2. The compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croakers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croakers comprises 8.33% of 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 8.33% of 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, 16.67% of microcrystalline cellulose and 66.67% of squid meal in percentage by mass.
3. The compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croaker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the analytical purity of the 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, the 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt, the microcrystalline cellulose and the squid powder is not less than 98%.
4. A micro-pellet feed comprising the compound phagostimulant for the young large yellow croaker of any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The micro-pellet feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the micro-pellet feed is composed of white fish meal, krill meal, soy protein concentrate, gluten meal, yeast extract, α starch, sodium alginate, fish oil, soy lecithin, mineral premix, vitamin premix and pseudosciaena crocea juvenile compound phagostimulant.
6. The preparation method of the micro-pellet feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the micro-pellet feed is characterized in that various raw materials in the feed formula of the pseudosciaena crocea larvae are crushed, proportioned, mixed, stirred and granulated to obtain the micro-pellet feed.
7. The method for preparing a micro-pellet feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method for preparing a micro-pellet feed comprises the steps of:
firstly, mixing and stirring crushed squid powder, 5-guanosine monophosphate disodium salt, 5-adenosine monophosphate disodium salt and microcrystalline cellulose according to a proportion to obtain a compound phagostimulant for the large yellow croaker and the young fish;
secondly, crushing and proportioning other raw materials in the feed for the young large yellow croakers, stirring and mixing the raw materials with the composite phagostimulant, and adding sodium alginate liquid for mixing until uniform and sticky blocks are formed;
and thirdly, extruding the feed into a slender strip shape by using an axial single-screw spherical extruder, then preparing the feed into micro-granular feed with the grain diameter of 1mm by using a rolling machine, and finally drying to obtain the micro-granular feed.
8. The method for preparing the micro-pellet feed as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mixing temperature is 26-35 ℃, the mixing time is 30-45 min, the mixing speed is 300-500 rpm/min, the rotation speed of the axial single-screw spherical extruder is 50-90rpm/min, and the rotation speed of the spheronizer is 1000-1500 rpm/min.
9. The method for preparing a micro-pellet feed as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mixing and stirring speed is 500rpm/min, the rotation speed of the axial single-screw spherical extruder is 70rpm/min, and the rotation speed of the spheronizer is 1200 rpm/min.
10. The use of the micro-pellet feed as claimed in claim 4 in the process of culturing young pseudosciaena crocea.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1736241A (en) * 2005-09-01 2006-02-22 中国海洋大学 Artificial micro-particle feedstuff for pseudosciaenacrocea larvae
CN107047499A (en) * 2017-03-23 2017-08-18 柳州市柳南区钓乐园渔具店 A kind of fish bait and preparation method thereof
CN107467370A (en) * 2017-10-13 2017-12-15 无锡正大生物股份有限公司 A kind of feed feature phagostimulant and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1736241A (en) * 2005-09-01 2006-02-22 中国海洋大学 Artificial micro-particle feedstuff for pseudosciaenacrocea larvae
CN107047499A (en) * 2017-03-23 2017-08-18 柳州市柳南区钓乐园渔具店 A kind of fish bait and preparation method thereof
CN107467370A (en) * 2017-10-13 2017-12-15 无锡正大生物股份有限公司 A kind of feed feature phagostimulant and preparation method thereof

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