CN110999707A - Crop interplanting method for preventing Indian Miyaya fasciata aphid pests in apple forest - Google Patents
Crop interplanting method for preventing Indian Miyaya fasciata aphid pests in apple forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN110999707A CN110999707A CN201911346624.8A CN201911346624A CN110999707A CN 110999707 A CN110999707 A CN 110999707A CN 201911346624 A CN201911346624 A CN 201911346624A CN 110999707 A CN110999707 A CN 110999707A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crop interplanting method for preventing Indian Mirabilis Microzelle aphid pests in an apple forest, which comprises the steps of land preparation, crop planting and forest management, and specifically comprises the following steps: ploughing and/or digging open lands around crowns of apples and under the trees, and exposing the lands in the sunshine for 10-30 days; sowing and/or transplanting the short-stalk short-root aromatic crop seeds, watering and fertilizing; and (3) checking for missing and supplementing seedlings 5-20 days after broadcasting and/or transplanting, and keeping the soil humidity of 3-8 cm in depth to be 30-50%. The method has the advantages that underground pests such as Indian Mirabilis minora, and the like are remarkably controlled, the Indian Mirabilis minora in soil after the planting of the Allium fistulosum is remarkably controlled under the condition that no pesticide is used, the economic income can be obtained after the Allium fistulosum is harvested, the effect of increasing the income under the forest and controlling the pests is achieved, the method is safe to target crops, people, livestock and environment, and the method is a better measure for safe production of agricultural products and pesticide reduction and pest control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a crop interplanting method for preventing Indian Miyaya paniculata aphid pests in an apple forest.
Background
The pesticide is an essential element which is necessary for agricultural production, on one hand, the quality and the yield of crops are greatly improved, and on the other hand, the pesticide resistance of pests caused by long-term unscientific application of chemical pesticides becomes one of the sustainable development problems of the pesticide industry.
The Indian Michella indica Hille Ris Lamberts is a new pest on apples in China, has a new domestic record species, and is mainly classified into Indian and Pakistan abroad. If the insect body is white or milk white, white cotton-like substances mainly harmful to apple fibrous roots and new roots are concentrated in the range of 0.5 m underground. In 2005, a large number of chemical pesticide control methods were mainly studied since the research and study of pest occurrence and control technical measures were conducted by college cooperation projects jointly developed by the academy of farming, the chinese university experts and the showtong plant protection station. And the pesticides chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid with good control effect popularized through research and demonstration not only have reduced control effect, but also are difficult to control the damage of the pests well, so that the pests become the difficult problem of control of farmers in Yunnan apple Indian Mirabilitum pratense growing areas. But also easily causes pesticide residue and soil withdrawal influence. In addition, chlorpyrifos is prohibited from being used on vegetables in 2017 due to pharmacological toxicity. It is not suitable for use as a fruit for fresh food. Therefore, in order to explore a safe prevention and control measure of woolly aphid indicum Miq et al and relieve the prevention and control problem of the insect for farmers, the inventors made. And a certain effect is achieved, and a technology for increasing income and controlling insects by planting under forest is invented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crop interplanting method for preventing Indian Miyaya paniculata aphid pests in an apple forest.
The invention aims to realize the purpose, the crop interplanting method for preventing the Indian Miyaya paniculata aphid insect pest in the apple forest comprises the steps of land preparation, crop planting and forest management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation: ploughing and/or digging open lands around crowns of apples and under the trees, and exposing the lands in the sunshine for 10-30 days;
B. planting crops: sowing and/or transplanting the short-stalk short-root aromatic crop seeds, watering and fertilizing;
C. forest management: and (3) checking for missing and supplementing seedlings 5-20 days after broadcasting and/or transplanting, and keeping the soil humidity of 3-8 cm in depth to be 30-50%.
The crop interplanting method for preventing Indian Mirabilis Microchlamys Lepidii insect pests in the apple forest specifically comprises the following operations:
1) planting crop species: allium crops such as scallion, shallot, ginger and garlic.
2) Planting mode: sowing seeds or transplanting seedlings. Planting in orchard with distance of 5-10cm to trunk of apple tree.
3) The planting management technology comprises the following steps: the Indian woolly aphid is commonly planted in an orchard, the seeding density and the seed consumption of the shallot are generally 1.2-1.8 kg/mu, the transplanting specification is 2.0-2.8 ten thousand plants/mu, the seed consumption of each mu of a green Chinese onion seedling raising field is 1.5-2 kg, and the transplanting specification is 1.8-2.5 ten thousand plants/mu.
4) The principle of killing insects is as follows: the planted crops all contain allyl thioether substances. The substance is a unique volatile oil and capsaicin with pungent odor, and the substance has effects of inhibiting and fumigating Mirabilis Microchaeta in soil and killing crop.
The Indian Michlezia parva Schizoneurella indica Hille Ris Lamberts is a new pest on Yunnan apple. The development and propagation proper temperature of Indian Miyaura longissima is 18-20 ℃, the developmental history and propagation quantity at 15 ℃, 18 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃ are respectively 21.47 d and 13.82 heads, 17.06 d and 57.77 heads, 13.82 d and 41.72 heads, 13.38 d and 4.82 heads, the development starting point temperature is 1.13 +/-0.5 ℃, and the effective accumulated temperature is 291.26 days. The Indian woolly aphid has the highest reproductive capacity under the condition of chicken manure soil, the reproductive capacity of 30 days is 9.33 heads/plant, the difference with other soil types is obvious, the reproductive capacity of the Indian woolly aphid is purple sandy soil, red soil, clay and sandy soil respectively, the difference between the treatments is avoided, and the reproductive rate of the Indian woolly aphid in white sandy soil is 2.0 heads/plant, and the difference between the reproductive capacity of the Indian woolly aphid and the soil types is the purple sandy. The Indian woolly aphid wingless parthenogenetic female aphid parasitizes at the root of the apple all year round, about 14 generations occur all year round, and the temperature and the soil type have influence on the colonization, growth development and propagation of the Indian woolly aphid in the soil.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. after the crop is planted, the density of pests in the soil is obviously reduced. On one hand, the intrinsic allyl thioether substances and trithioallyl ether substances of allium crops have volatile oil and capsaicin with pungent odor, can quickly inhibit the nervous system of insect bodies and paralyze and die, and on the other hand, can destroy the soil environment where pests and insect eggs live, so that the pests and the insect eggs are suffocated due to the inappropriateness of environmental conditions, thereby achieving the effect of planting beneficial crops to control the pests and being safe to target crops, people, livestock and environment.
2. The planted crops belong to allium crops, and can effectively improve the soil granular structure and the soil microbial environment.
3. The planted crops all belong to common spice crops in life of people, and the planting technology is simple, the suitability is wide, and the market demand is large. On one hand, farmers can easily master technical points, on the other hand, the pests can be controlled and the economic development under the forest can be realized, so that the method is easily accepted by the farmers. Has wide popularization and application prospect.
The planting technology of the invention can be applied in large scale in agricultural production due to high efficiency, safety, low cost and insect control and income increase, which opens up a new technical approach for non-chemical pesticides to control drug-resistant pests, thereby making a new contribution to the sustainable development of the pesticide in China.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The crop interplanting method for preventing Indian Mirabilis Microchlamys Microphylla insect pests in apple forests comprises the steps of land preparation, crop planting and forest management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation: ploughing and/or digging open lands around crowns of apples and under the trees, and exposing the lands in the sunshine for 10-30 days;
B. planting crops: sowing and/or transplanting the short-stalk short-root aromatic crop seeds, watering and fertilizing;
C. forest management: and (3) checking for missing and supplementing seedlings 5-20 days after broadcasting and/or transplanting, and keeping the soil humidity of 3-8 cm in depth to be 30-50%.
And D, ploughing and/or digging the pond in the step A to a depth of 40-60 cm.
And C, the spice crops in the step B are allium crops.
And C, the spice crops in the step B are one or more of green Chinese onions, shallots, gingers and garlic.
And B, broadcasting and/or transplanting at a place 5-10cm around the trunk of the apple tree.
And B, sowing the seeds at a sowing density and seed consumption of 1.0 Kg-2.0 Kg/mu.
And D, transplanting the seedlings in the step B, wherein the planting density of the seedlings is 1.5-3.0 ten thousand plants per mu.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
example 1
Planting green Chinese onion in apple orchard of peasant household living in Zhaoyang area
In 2017 in 4 months, farmers cover soil when ditching and irrigating an orchard with Indian Michelia minuta, and uniformly transplant 30 green Chinese onions per square meter around crown of an apple tree and in idle land under the forest.
Example 2
Planting green Chinese onions in Longquan Changli farmer orchard
In 2016, 8 months, after covering soil when farmers ditch and irrigate orchards with Indian Michelia minuta, uniformly spreading 1.5 kg of green Chinese onions per mu in the periphery of apple crown and in idle areas under the forest. After the emergence of seedlings, the rhizosphere of the tree is replanted in a region with more seedlings, and the average density is controlled to be 30 plants/m2。
Example 3
Planting garlic in Longquan Changli farmer orchard
In 9 months in 2017, farmers cover soil when ditching and irrigating an orchard with Indian Michelia minuta, and uniformly transplant 30 green Chinese onions per square meter around crown of an apple tree and in idle land under the forest.
Example 4
Planting shallot in Longquan Changli farmer orchard
In 8 months in 2017, farmers transplant green onion seedlings in orchards with Indian Michelia minuta, and uniformly transplant 35 seedlings of the green onions per square meter around crown of the apple tree and in vacant areas under the forest.
Example 5
Planting shallot in three village peasant household orchard
In 7 months in 2018, farmers transplant green onion seedlings in orchards with Indian Michelia minuta, and uniformly transplant 35 seedlings of the green onions per square meter around crown of the apple tree and in vacant areas under the forest.
Example 6
Planting garlic in three village farmer orchards
In 2018 in 9 months, farmers cover soil when ditching and irrigating an orchard with Indian Michelia minuta, and uniformly transplant 30 green Chinese onions per square meter around crown of an apple tree and in idle land under the forest.
The control effect of the above plants on woolly aphid indicum after planting is demonstrated by experiments below.
TABLE 1 test results of various embodiments on Indian Mirabilis Microsella
TABLE 2 results of crop yield and income increase for each embodiment
Claims (7)
1. The crop interplanting method for preventing Indian Mirabilis parva in apple forest is characterized by comprising the steps of land preparation, crop planting and forest management, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. land preparation: ploughing and/or digging open lands around crowns of apples and under the trees, and exposing the lands in the sunshine for 10-30 days;
B. planting crops: sowing and/or transplanting the short-stalk short-root aromatic crop seeds, watering and fertilizing;
C. forest management: and (3) checking for missing and supplementing seedlings 5-20 days after broadcasting and/or transplanting, and keeping the soil humidity of 3-8 cm in depth to be 30-50%.
2. The method for interplanting an apple forest with a crop of aphid infusorian pest, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of plowing and/or pool digging in step A is 40-60 cm.
3. The method for interplanting an apple forest against woolly aphid pest, Indian, cleft woolly aphid, according to claim 1, wherein the spice crop in step B is an Allium crop.
4. The method for interplanting an apple forest with a plant aphid, Aphis velezii, Aphis chirophylla, according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the aromatic crop in step B is one or more selected from green Chinese onion, ginger and garlic.
5. The method for interplanting an apple forest with a crop of claim 1, wherein the sowing and/or transplanting in the step B is carried out 5-10cm around the trunk of the apple tree.
6. The method for interplanting an apple forest with a crop of woolly aphid insects in Indian field of the invention as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing density and the sowing amount of the sowing in the step B are 1.0 Kg-2.0 Kg/mu.
7. The method for interplanting an apple forest with a crop of aphid insects of woolly Indian plantlet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanting density in the step B is 1.5-3.0 ten thousand plants/mu.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112425435A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-02 | 昭通市植保植检站 | Cultivation method for interplanting half red plum with soil-smoke prevention and control aphids |
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| CN101861887A (en) * | 2009-04-19 | 2010-10-20 | 朱绍刚 | Plant medicament for preventing and treating apple aphid |
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| CN107371946A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-11-24 | 铜仁市万山区大坪乡瓮岩村俊峰精果有限公司 | A kind of apple cultivation method |
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Patent Citations (4)
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| CN101861887A (en) * | 2009-04-19 | 2010-10-20 | 朱绍刚 | Plant medicament for preventing and treating apple aphid |
| CN103371081A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2013-10-30 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Method for simply researching root aphids |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112425435A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-02 | 昭通市植保植检站 | Cultivation method for interplanting half red plum with soil-smoke prevention and control aphids |
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Application publication date: 20200414 |