CN107347407B - Cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes - Google Patents

Cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN107347407B
CN107347407B CN201710613420.0A CN201710613420A CN107347407B CN 107347407 B CN107347407 B CN 107347407B CN 201710613420 A CN201710613420 A CN 201710613420A CN 107347407 B CN107347407 B CN 107347407B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
parts
selenium
extract
calcium
sweet potatoes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201710613420.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN107347407A (en
Inventor
唐秀桦
韦民政
李韦柳
熊军
闫海锋
吴延勇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institute of Economic Crops of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Original Assignee
Institute of Economic Crops of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institute of Economic Crops of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences filed Critical Institute of Economic Crops of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority to CN201710613420.0A priority Critical patent/CN107347407B/en
Publication of CN107347407A publication Critical patent/CN107347407A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN107347407B publication Critical patent/CN107347407B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of purple sweet potato planting, in particular to a cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes, which adopts cassava fermentation selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer to improve planting soil, so that the soil is rich in selenium, calcium and loose, the growth requirement of the purple sweet potatoes is met, and the application also promotes the sweet potatoes to absorb organic selenium by applying amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer, so that the selenium content of the sweet potatoes is effectively improved; the application also extracts effective components from natural plants for killing insects, the insect repellant water is easy to be decomposed by the environment, harm such as pesticide residue and pollution can not be caused, the effective components in the extract have broad-spectrum bactericidal effect, especially in the aspect of trapping and killing weevils, the effect is remarkable, and the purple sweet potatoes can be effectively prevented from being damaged by pests.

Description

Cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of purple sweet potato planting, in particular to a cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes.
[ background of the invention ]
The sweet potato is the fourth grain crop in China, and is also an important industrial raw material, feed, novel energy and health care crop. China is the world with the largest sweet potato planting area and the highest fresh potato yield, and the sweet potato planting area is about 460 kilohm2The total yield of fresh potatoes is about 1.0 hundred million t, which accounts for 75 percent of the total world yield. At present, sweet potatoes are used as superior crops in the structural adjustment of agricultural industry in many provinces of ChinaSweet potatoes are gradually changed from traditional food crops to benefit-type economic crops.
The purple sweet potato is purple in meat color, rich in anthocyanin, high in nutritive value and health care effect on human bodies, and the purple sweet potato is sweeter than yellow sweet potato, tastes better and greatly increases the demand, at present, due to the particularity of selenium-rich soil contained in Guangxi, some researches on the planting of the selenium-rich sweet potato are also provided, but the selenium content of the purple sweet potato is unstable in natural environment, the selenium content of the purple sweet potato cannot be guaranteed, the selenium-rich and high-calcium effects cannot be achieved, of course, in order to achieve the planting effect of the selenium-rich and high-calcium, the conventional planting mode mainly adds inorganic selenium solutions such as sodium selenite and the like, however, the sodium selenite is inorganic selenium, is not easy to be absorbed by vegetation, the selenium-rich effect is not obvious, and selenium pollution can be caused. Therefore, an environment-friendly and safe purple sweet potato planting method is needed, which can effectively achieve the effects of selenium enrichment and high calcium and can not cause environmental pollution.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, there is a need to provide an environment-friendly and safe method for planting purple sweet potatoes, which can effectively achieve the effects of selenium enrichment and high calcium, and does not cause environmental pollution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: when the land is ploughed, the soil is improved by adding the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer while ploughing, wherein the addition amount of the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer is as follows: 2000g/m2-3000g/m2；
(2) Land preparation: leveling the improved soil in the step (1), applying a base fertilizer, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 5cm-10cm, and then ridging to obtain a pre-planted land, wherein the width of each ridge is 30cm-40cm, and the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 10cm-20 cm; the addition amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: 1000g/m2-2000g/m2；
(3) Sowing: cutting the upper stem segment with terminal bud as seedling, each stem segment is 40-50 cm long, and then soaking the base of the seedling in rooting liquid; then, planting the sweet potatoes by adopting a horizontal shallow planting method, wherein the plant spacing of the sweet potatoes is 18-25 cm, the row spacing of the sweet potatoes is 90-110 cm, planting the seedlings on the pre-planting land obtained in the step (2), spraying insect-expelling water I to the planting land, and keeping the soil humidity at 50% -65%;
(4) topdressing: applying a growth fertilizer when the overground part of the seedling sowed in the step (3) grows to 40-45 cm, wherein the application amount of the growth fertilizer is 1000g/m2-2000g/m2Then covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3cm-5 cm; spraying amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer with mass concentration of 5-10% to the leaf surfaces of the seedlings; the spraying amount of the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer is 500g/m2-800g/m2；
(5) Field management: after topdressing, artificial weeding is carried out, and desinsectization water II is sprayed every 15 days, wherein the spraying amount of the desinsectization water II is 200g/m2-400g/m2Watering and draining waterlogging are carried out at variable time after topdressing and before harvesting, and the water content of the planted land is ensured to be 60-70%;
(6) harvesting: and harvesting the rhizome of the sweet potato after the sweet potato is planted for 120 days to obtain the selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potato.
Further, the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of cassava dregs, 11-17 parts of cassava starch, 7-13 parts of lime powder, 3-7 parts of sodium selenite and 13-17 parts of kaolin.
Further, the base fertilizer in the step (2) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 to 37 parts of soybean stems, 16 to 23 parts of rice bran, 7 to 13 parts of tea leaves and 23 to 33 parts of silkworm excrement.
Further, the rooting solution in the step (3) is prepared by mixing 600 times of 40 mass percent carbendazim wettable powder and 0.1 g/L mass percent of naphthylacetic acid solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
Further, the horizontal shallow loading method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: the stem part which is 10cm-12cm away from the tail end of the seedling base part is a flat part, the stem part which is 15cm-18cm away from the top end of the flat part above the flat part is an upright part, and a seedling growing part is arranged above the upright part; the horizontal portion is horizontally buried in the soil, the vertical portion is connected with the horizontal portion and vertically buried in the soil, and the growth portion is connected with the vertical portion and extends out of the outer surface of the soil and is in a vertical state.
Further, the insect repellent water I in the step (3) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 to 37 parts of wintergreen extract, 15 to 24 parts of eucalyptus extract, 15 to 24 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop extract and 15 to 24 parts of poplar and willow extract.
Further, the growth fertilizer in the step (4) is prepared by mixing potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
Further, the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer in the step (4) is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 47-55 parts of animal hoof nails, 23-26 parts of animal hair, 15-23 parts of animal internal organs, 7-13 parts of sodium selenite solution with the mass concentration of 2% -5% and 25-27 parts of tea leaves.
Further, the insect repellant water II in the step (6) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 to 24 parts of wintergreen extract, 13 to 27 parts of aloe extract, 18 to 26 parts of chicory extract, 19 to 27 parts of onion extract and 9 to 17 parts of ailanthus leaf extract.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer is adopted to improve the planting soil, the raw materials of the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer are prepared by fermenting cassava residues, cassava starch, lime powder, sodium selenite and kaolin, the cassava residues are organic fertilizers with very rich organic matter content, the organic matter content can reach 80 percent, the plant growth requirement can be met, in addition, the cassava residues contain a lot of abundant probiotics, the inorganic matter can be fully promoted to be converted into the organic matter, and as the microorganism in the cassava residues needs a large amount of sugar substances for growth, the inventor adds the cassava starch, and can provide abundant power sources for the probiotics; the lime powder in the raw material can increase the calcium content in the soil; the kaolin in the raw material can increase the ventilation of the fermentation substrate and improve the ventilation of the soil.
2. The base fertilizer is prepared by fermenting soybean stems, rice bran, tea leaves and silkworm excrement, the base fertilizer utilizes organic matters, so that soil is not easy to harden and sweet potato growth is facilitated, and the soybean stems and the rice bran in the base fertilizer are green fertilizers and have larger pores, so that the base fertilizer is more suitable for the characteristics of the sweet potatoes; the silkworm excrement is animal excrement with few pollutant content, can effectively promote the development of the sweet potato tuberous roots, cannot cause pollutant residues, and meanwhile, the tea leaves also contain rich tea enzymes which can be used for mixing various fertilizers.
3. The invention adopts a horizontal shallow loading method, which can ensure that the potato seedlings keep upright and grow quickly and avoid burning the potato seedlings due to too high soil temperature.
4. The amino acid chelated selenium fertilizer is prepared by fermenting animal hooves, animal hair, animal internal organs, sodium selenite solution and tea leaves, and the amino acid chelated selenium fertilizer effectively chelates selenium into amino acid micromolecules by fermenting inorganic selenium matched with animal waste, promotes sweet potatoes to absorb organic selenium, and effectively improves the selenium content of the sweet potatoes.
5. The insect repellant water I and the insect repellant water II are effective insect repellant components extracted from plants, are easy to decompose by the environment, do not cause harm such as pesticide residue, pollution and the like, and are rich in extracts: active substances such as pyrolin, fruit eudesmal, eucalyptus oil, linalool, I-caryophyllene, salicin, aloin, chicory alcohol, allicin, triterpene, tetracyclic triterpene, alkaloid, sterol and the like have broad-spectrum bactericidal effects, and particularly have remarkable effects on trapping and killing weevils.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) is merely an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless explicitly described as such.
Example 1:
a cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: when the land is ploughed, the soil is improved by adding the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer while ploughing, wherein the addition amount of the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer is as follows: 2000g/m2；
(2) Land preparation: leveling the improved soil in the step (1), applying a base fertilizer, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 5cm, and then stacking ridges to obtain pre-planted land, wherein the ridge width of each ridge is 30cm, and the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 10 cm; the addition amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: 1000g/m2；
(3) Seeding, namely shearing upper stem sections with terminal buds as seedlings, enabling each stem section to be 40cm long, then putting the base parts of the seedlings into a rooting solution for soaking (wherein the rooting solution is prepared by mixing 40 mass percent of 600 times solution of carbendazim wettable powder and 0.1 g/L solution of naphthylacetic acid according to the mass ratio of 1: 1), then planting the seedlings by adopting a horizontal shallow planting method, enabling the plant spacing of sweet potatoes to be 18cm and the row spacing of the sweet potatoes to be 90cm, planting the seedlings on the pre-planting land in the step (2), spraying insect repellent water I to the planting land blocks, and keeping the soil humidity to be 50%;
(4) topdressing: when the overground part of the seedling sowed in the step (3) grows to 40cm, applying a growth fertilizer (wherein the growth fertilizer is obtained by mixing potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 1: 1), and the application amount of the growth fertilizer is 1000g/m2Then covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3 cm; spraying amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer with the mass concentration of 5% to the leaf surfaces of the seedlings; the spraying amount of the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer is 500g/m2；
(5) Field management: after topdressing, artificial weeding is carried out, and desinsectization water II is sprayed every 15 days, wherein the spraying amount of the desinsectization water II is 200g/m2Watering and draining waterlogging are carried out at variable time after topdressing and before harvesting, and the water content of the planted land is ensured to be 60%;
(6) harvesting: and harvesting the rhizome of the sweet potato after the sweet potato is planted for 120 days to obtain the selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potato.
The selenium-rich high-calcium cassava fermented organic fertilizer in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of cassava residues, 11 parts of cassava starch, 7 parts of lime powder, 3 parts of sodium selenite and 13 parts of kaolin.
The preparation method of the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, fully and uniformly mixing the cassava residue, the cassava starch, the lime powder and the kaolin, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 10 days at the temperature of 26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 10%, then adding the sodium selenite in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and continuing anaerobic fermentation for 30 days at the temperature of 26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 10% to obtain the selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer for cassava fermentation.
The base fertilizer in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of soybean stems, 16 parts of rice bran, 7 parts of tea leaves and 23 parts of silkworm excrement.
The preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, then uniformly mixing the soybean stems, the rice bran and the silkworm excrement, then adding water with the mass of 1/2 into the mixture, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 15d at the temperature of 27 ℃, then adding the tea leaves in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and continuing carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 45 days at the temperature of 27 ℃ to obtain the base fertilizer.
The horizontal shallow loading method in this example is: the stem part 10cm away from the tail end of the seedling base part is a flat part, the stem part 15cm away from the top end of the flat part above the flat part is an upright part, and a seedling growing part is arranged above the upright part; the horizontal portion is horizontally buried in the soil, the vertical portion is connected with the horizontal portion and vertically buried in the soil, and the growth portion is connected with the vertical portion, extends out of the outer surface of the soil and is in a vertical state.
The insect repellant water I of the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of wintergreen extract, 15 parts of eucalyptus extract, 15 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop extract and 15 parts of poplar extract.
The extraction method of the wintergreen extract comprises the following steps: grinding wintergreen leaves, adding 75% ethanol solution in the same mass proportion in percentage by volume, soaking for 13h, putting into an ultrasonic processor for ultrasonic extraction with the extraction power of 500w and the extraction time of 0.5h, filtering to remove filter residues, taking the filtrate, and performing rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of which the volume of the concentrated solution is the original solution to obtain the wintergreen extract.
The extraction method of the eucalyptus extract comprises the following steps: crushing the eucalyptus leaves dried in the shade, adding 6 times of methanol with the volume percentage of 15% by mass, performing reflux extraction for 12 hours, and then performing reduced pressure concentration on the filtrate to obtain 1/3 the volume of the concentrated solution is the volume of the stock solution, thus obtaining the eucalyptus extract.
The extraction method of the ageratum extract comprises the following steps: grinding fresh agastache rugosus leaves, adding 3 times of 75% ethanol solution by mass, soaking for 13h, putting into an ultrasonic processor for ultrasonic extraction with the extraction power of 700w and the extraction time of 0.5h, filtering to remove filter residues, taking filtrate, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of which the volume of the concentrated solution is the volume of the original solution to obtain the agastache rugosus extract.
The extraction method of the salix populi extract comprises the following steps: crushing dried poplar bark, adding 4 times of acetone with the volume percentage of 15% by mass for reflux extraction for 24 hours, and then concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to 1/3 of the volume of the concentrated solution being the volume of the original solution to obtain the poplar bark extract.
The preparation method of the insect repellant water I comprises the following steps: mixing the wintergreen extract, the eucalyptus extract, the 1 ageratum extract and the salix integra extract according to the weight parts.
The amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 47 parts of animal hoof nails, 23 parts to 26 parts of animal hair, 15 parts of animal viscera, 7 parts of sodium selenite solution with the mass concentration of 2 percent and 25 parts of tea leaves.
The preparation method of the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, uniformly mixing the animal hoof, the animal hair, the animal internal organs and the tea leaves, adding water with the mass being 2 times that of the mixture, adding 6 mol/L HCl at the temperature of 25 ℃, putting the mixture into a microwave extractor for extraction, wherein the extraction power is 350w, the extraction temperature is 500 ℃, the extraction time is 12 hours, and then adding 1 mol/L NaHCO3Neutralizing until pH is 7, cooling the extractive solution to 25 deg.C, performing anaerobic fermentation for 15 days, and adding the seleniumAnd (3) after the sodium solution is uniformly stirred, continuing to perform anaerobic fermentation for 15 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer.
The insect repellant water II is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of wintergreen extract, 13 parts of aloe extract, 18 parts of endive extract, 19 parts of onion extract and 9 parts of ailanthus leaf extract.
The extraction method of the wintergreen extract comprises the following steps: grinding wintergreen leaves, adding 75% ethanol solution in the same mass proportion in percentage by volume, soaking for 13h, putting into an ultrasonic processor for ultrasonic extraction with the extraction power of 500w and the extraction time of 0.5h, filtering to remove filter residues, taking the filtrate, and performing rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of which the volume of the concentrated solution is the original solution to obtain the wintergreen extract.
The extraction method of the aloe extract comprises the following steps: peeling fresh aloe, adding 1/2 parts by weight of ethanol with the volume percentage of 70%, grinding, and directly drying to obtain the aloe extract.
The extraction method of the chicory extract comprises the following steps: adding 70% ethanol into fresh Cichorium intybus leaves, soaking for 12 hr, grinding, reflux extracting for 24 hr, filtering, concentrating filtrate by rotary evaporation to 1/3 to obtain Cichorium intybus extract
The extraction method of the onion extract comprises the following steps: grinding Bulbus Allii Cepae, adding 3 times of 20% acetic acid by mass, soaking for 12 hr, adding 20% acetic acid solution by mass, reflux extracting for 24 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate by rotary evaporation to 1/3 to obtain Bulbus Allii Cepae extract.
The extraction method of the folium toonae sinensis extract comprises the following steps: crushing the dried Chinese toon leaves in the shade, adding 6 times of methanol with the volume percentage of 15% by mass for reflux extraction for 12 hours, filtering, taking filtrate, performing rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of concentrated solution with the volume of the original solution to obtain the Chinese toon leaf extract.
The preparation method of the insect repellant water II comprises the following steps: mixing the wintergreen extract, the aloe extract, the witloof extract, the onion extract and the ailanthus leaf extract according to the weight parts.
Example 2:
a cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: when the land is ploughed, the soil is improved by adding the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer while ploughing, wherein the addition amount of the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer is as follows: 3000g/m2；
(2) Land preparation: leveling the improved soil in the step (1), applying a base fertilizer, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 10cm, and then stacking ridges to obtain pre-planted land, wherein the ridge width of each ridge is 40cm, and the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 20 cm; the addition amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: 2000g/m2；
(3) Seeding, namely shearing upper stem sections with terminal buds as seedlings, enabling each stem section to be 50cm long, then putting the base parts of the seedlings into a rooting solution for soaking (wherein the rooting solution is prepared by mixing 40% of 600 times of carbendazim wettable powder and 0.1 g/L of naphthylacetic acid solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 1), then planting the seedlings by adopting a horizontal shallow planting method, enabling the plant spacing of sweet potatoes to be 25cm and the row spacing of the sweet potatoes to be 110cm, planting the seedlings on the pre-planting land in the step (2), spraying insect repellent water I to the planting land blocks, and keeping the soil humidity to be 65%;
(4) topdressing: when the overground part of the seedling sowed in the step (3) grows to 45cm, applying a growth fertilizer (wherein the growth fertilizer is obtained by mixing potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 1: 1), and the application amount of the growth fertilizer is 2000g/m2Then covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 5 cm; spraying amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer with the mass concentration of 10% to the leaf surfaces of the seedlings; the spraying amount of the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer is 800g/m2；
(5) Field management: after topdressing, artificial weeding is carried out, and desinsectization water II is sprayed every 15 days, wherein the spraying amount of the desinsectization water II is 400g/m2Watering and draining waterlogging are carried out at variable time after topdressing and before harvesting, and the water content of the planted land is ensured to be 70%;
(6) harvesting: and harvesting the rhizome of the sweet potato after the sweet potato is planted for 120 days to obtain the selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potato.
The selenium-rich high-calcium cassava fermented organic fertilizer in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of cassava dregs, 17 parts of cassava starch, 13 parts of lime powder, 7 parts of sodium selenite and 17 parts of kaolin.
The preparation method of the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, fully and uniformly mixing the cassava residue, the cassava starch, the lime powder and the kaolin, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 10 days at the temperature of 26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 10%, then adding the sodium selenite in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and continuing anaerobic fermentation for 30 days at the temperature of 26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 10% to obtain the selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer for cassava fermentation.
The base fertilizer in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 37 parts of soybean stems, 23 parts of rice bran, 13 parts of tea leaves and 33 parts of silkworm excrement.
The preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, then uniformly mixing the soybean stems, the rice bran and the silkworm excrement, then adding water with the mass of 1/2 into the mixture, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 15d at the temperature of 27 ℃, then adding the tea leaves in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and continuing carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 45 days at the temperature of 27 ℃ to obtain the base fertilizer.
The horizontal shallow loading method in this example is: the stem part 12cm away from the tail end of the seedling base part is a flat part, the stem part 18cm away from the top end of the flat part above the flat part is an upright part, and a seedling growing part is arranged above the upright part; the horizontal portion is horizontally buried in the soil, the vertical portion is connected with the horizontal portion and vertically buried in the soil, and the growth portion is connected with the vertical portion, extends out of the outer surface of the soil and is in a vertical state.
The insect repellant water I of the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 37 parts of wintergreen extract, 24 parts of eucalyptus extract, 24 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop extract and 24 parts of poplar extract.
The extraction method of the wintergreen extract comprises the following steps: grinding wintergreen leaves, adding 75% ethanol solution in the same mass proportion in percentage by volume, soaking for 13h, putting into an ultrasonic processor for ultrasonic extraction with the extraction power of 500w and the extraction time of 0.5h, filtering to remove filter residues, taking the filtrate, and performing rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of which the volume of the concentrated solution is the original solution to obtain the wintergreen extract.
The extraction method of the eucalyptus extract comprises the following steps: crushing the eucalyptus leaves dried in the shade, adding 6 times of methanol with the volume percentage of 15% by mass, performing reflux extraction for 12 hours, and then performing reduced pressure concentration on the filtrate to obtain 1/3 the volume of the concentrated solution is the volume of the stock solution, thus obtaining the eucalyptus extract.
The extraction method of the ageratum extract comprises the following steps: grinding fresh agastache rugosus leaves, adding 3 times of 75% ethanol solution by mass, soaking for 13h, putting into an ultrasonic processor for ultrasonic extraction with the extraction power of 700w and the extraction time of 0.5h, filtering to remove filter residues, taking filtrate, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of which the volume of the concentrated solution is the volume of the original solution to obtain the agastache rugosus extract.
The extraction method of the salix populi extract comprises the following steps: crushing dried poplar bark, adding 4 times of acetone with the volume percentage of 15% by mass for reflux extraction for 24 hours, and then concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to 1/3 of the volume of the concentrated solution being the volume of the original solution to obtain the poplar bark extract.
The preparation method of the insect repellant water I comprises the following steps: mixing the wintergreen extract, the eucalyptus extract, the 1 ageratum extract and the salix integra extract according to the weight parts.
The amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of animal hoof nails, 26 parts of animal hair, 23 parts of animal viscera, 13 parts of sodium selenite solution with the mass concentration of 5 percent and 27 parts of tea leaves.
The preparation method of the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer comprises the steps of weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, uniformly mixing the animal hoof and nails, the animal hair, the animal internal organs and the tea leaves, adding water 2 times of the mass of the mixture, adding 6 mol/L of HCl at the temperature of 25 ℃, putting the mixture into a microwave extractor for extraction, wherein the extraction power is 350w, and the extraction temperature isExtracting at 500 deg.C for 12h, and adding 1 mol/L NaHCO3And (3) neutralizing until the pH value is 7, cooling the extracted mixed liquor to 25 ℃, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 15 days, adding the sodium selenite solution in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and continuing carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 15 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer.
The insect repellant water II is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24 parts of wintergreen extract, 27 parts of aloe extract, 26 parts of chicory extract, 27 parts of onion extract and 17 parts of ailanthus leaf extract.
The extraction method of the wintergreen extract comprises the following steps: grinding wintergreen leaves, adding 75% ethanol solution in the same mass proportion in percentage by volume, soaking for 13h, putting into an ultrasonic processor for ultrasonic extraction with the extraction power of 500w and the extraction time of 0.5h, filtering to remove filter residues, taking the filtrate, and performing rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of which the volume of the concentrated solution is the original solution to obtain the wintergreen extract.
The extraction method of the aloe extract comprises the following steps: peeling fresh aloe, adding 1/2 parts by weight of ethanol with the volume percentage of 70%, grinding, and directly drying to obtain the aloe extract.
The extraction method of the chicory extract comprises the following steps: adding 70% ethanol into fresh Cichorium intybus leaves, soaking for 12 hr, grinding, reflux extracting for 24 hr, filtering, concentrating filtrate by rotary evaporation to 1/3 to obtain Cichorium intybus extract
The extraction method of the onion extract comprises the following steps: grinding Bulbus Allii Cepae, adding 3 times of 20% acetic acid by mass, soaking for 12 hr, adding 20% acetic acid solution by mass, reflux extracting for 24 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate by rotary evaporation to 1/3 to obtain Bulbus Allii Cepae extract.
The extraction method of the folium toonae sinensis extract comprises the following steps: crushing the dried Chinese toon leaves in the shade, adding 6 times of methanol with the volume percentage of 15% by mass for reflux extraction for 12 hours, filtering, taking filtrate, performing rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of concentrated solution with the volume of the original solution to obtain the Chinese toon leaf extract.
The preparation method of the insect repellant water II comprises the following steps: mixing the wintergreen extract, the aloe extract, the witloof extract, the onion extract and the ailanthus leaf extract according to the weight parts.
Example 3:
a cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: when the land is ploughed, the soil is improved by adding the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer while ploughing, wherein the addition amount of the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer is as follows: 2500g/m2；
(2) Land preparation: leveling the improved soil in the step (1), applying a base fertilizer, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 8cm, and then stacking ridges to obtain pre-planted land, wherein the ridge width of each ridge is 35cm, and the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 15 cm; the addition amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: 1500g/m2；
(3) Seeding, namely shearing upper stem sections with terminal buds as seedlings, enabling each stem section to be 45cm long, then putting the base parts of the seedlings into a rooting solution for soaking (wherein the rooting solution is prepared by mixing 40% of 600 times of carbendazim wettable powder and 0.1 g/L of naphthylacetic acid solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 1), then planting the seedlings by adopting a horizontal shallow planting method, enabling the plant spacing of sweet potatoes to be 20cm and the row spacing of the sweet potatoes to be 100cm, planting the seedlings on the pre-planting land in the step (2), spraying insect repellent water I to the planting land blocks, and keeping the soil humidity to be 55%;
(4) topdressing: when the overground part of the seedling sowed in the step (3) grows to 42cm, applying a growth fertilizer (wherein the growth fertilizer is obtained by mixing potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 1: 1), and the application amount of the growth fertilizer is 1500g/m2Then covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 4 cm; spraying amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer with the mass concentration of 8% to the leaf surfaces of the seedlings; the spraying amount of the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer is 600g/m2；
(5) Field management: after topdressing, artificial weeding is carried out, and insect repellent water is sprayed every 15 daysII, the spraying amount of the desinsectization water II is 300g/m2Watering and draining waterlogging are carried out at variable time after topdressing and before harvesting, and the water content of the planted land is ensured to be 65%;
(6) harvesting: and harvesting the rhizome of the sweet potato after the sweet potato is planted for 120 days to obtain the selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potato.
The selenium-rich high-calcium cassava fermented organic fertilizer in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of manioc waste, 13 parts of cassava starch, 10 parts of lime powder, 5 parts of sodium selenite and 14 parts of kaolin.
The preparation method of the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, fully and uniformly mixing the cassava residue, the cassava starch, the lime powder and the kaolin, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 10 days at the temperature of 26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 10%, then adding the sodium selenite in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and continuing anaerobic fermentation for 30 days at the temperature of 26 ℃ and the relative humidity of 10% to obtain the selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer for cassava fermentation.
The base fertilizer in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of soybean stems, 18 parts of rice bran, 12 parts of tea leaves and 28 parts of silkworm excrement.
The preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio, then uniformly mixing the soybean stems, the rice bran and the silkworm excrement, then adding water with the mass of 1/2 into the mixture, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 15d at the temperature of 27 ℃, then adding the tea leaves in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and continuing carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 45 days at the temperature of 27 ℃ to obtain the base fertilizer.
The horizontal shallow loading method in this example is: the stem part 11cm away from the tail end of the seedling base part is a flat part, the stem part 17cm away from the top end of the flat part above the flat part is an upright part, and a seedling growing part is arranged above the upright part; the horizontal portion is horizontally buried in the soil, the vertical portion is connected with the horizontal portion and vertically buried in the soil, and the growth portion is connected with the vertical portion, extends out of the outer surface of the soil and is in a vertical state.
The insect repellant water I of the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of wintergreen extract, 18 parts of eucalyptus extract, 18 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop extract and 18 parts of poplar extract.
The extraction method of the wintergreen extract comprises the following steps: grinding wintergreen leaves, adding 75% ethanol solution in the same mass proportion in percentage by volume, soaking for 13h, putting into an ultrasonic processor for ultrasonic extraction with the extraction power of 500w and the extraction time of 0.5h, filtering to remove filter residues, taking the filtrate, and performing rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of which the volume of the concentrated solution is the original solution to obtain the wintergreen extract.
The extraction method of the eucalyptus extract comprises the following steps: crushing the eucalyptus leaves dried in the shade, adding 6 times of methanol with the volume percentage of 15% by mass, performing reflux extraction for 12 hours, and then performing reduced pressure concentration on the filtrate to obtain 1/3 the volume of the concentrated solution is the volume of the stock solution, thus obtaining the eucalyptus extract.
The extraction method of the ageratum extract comprises the following steps: grinding fresh agastache rugosus leaves, adding 3 times of 75% ethanol solution by mass, soaking for 13h, putting into an ultrasonic processor for ultrasonic extraction with the extraction power of 700w and the extraction time of 0.5h, filtering to remove filter residues, taking filtrate, carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of which the volume of the concentrated solution is the volume of the original solution to obtain the agastache rugosus extract.
The extraction method of the salix populi extract comprises the following steps: crushing dried poplar bark, adding 4 times of acetone with the volume percentage of 15% by mass for reflux extraction for 24 hours, and then concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure to 1/3 of the volume of the concentrated solution being the volume of the original solution to obtain the poplar bark extract.
The preparation method of the insect repellant water I comprises the following steps: mixing the wintergreen extract, the eucalyptus extract, the 1 ageratum extract and the salix integra extract according to the weight parts.
The amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 51 parts of animal hoof nails, 25 parts of animal hair, 21 parts of animal viscera, 10 parts of sodium selenite solution with the mass concentration of 3 percent and 26 parts of tea leaves.
The preparation method of the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, and then carrying out animal hoof nail, animal hair and animal hair treatmentMixing viscera and folium Camelliae sinensis, adding water 2 times of the mixture, adding 6 mol/L HCl at 25 deg.C, extracting with 350w power at 500 deg.C for 12 hr, and adding 1 mol/L NaHCO3And (3) neutralizing until the pH value is 7, cooling the extracted mixed liquor to 25 ℃, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 15 days, adding the sodium selenite solution in parts by weight, uniformly stirring, and continuing carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 15 days at the temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer.
The insect repellant water II is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of wintergreen extract, 21 parts of aloe extract, 22 parts of endive extract, 21 parts of onion extract and 11 parts of ailanthus leaf extract.
The extraction method of the wintergreen extract comprises the following steps: grinding wintergreen leaves, adding 75% ethanol solution in the same mass proportion in percentage by volume, soaking for 13h, putting into an ultrasonic processor for ultrasonic extraction with the extraction power of 500w and the extraction time of 0.5h, filtering to remove filter residues, taking the filtrate, and performing rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of which the volume of the concentrated solution is the original solution to obtain the wintergreen extract.
The extraction method of the aloe extract comprises the following steps: peeling fresh aloe, adding 1/2 parts by weight of ethanol with the volume percentage of 70%, grinding, and directly drying to obtain the aloe extract.
The extraction method of the chicory extract comprises the following steps: adding 70% ethanol into fresh Cichorium intybus leaves, soaking for 12 hr, grinding, reflux extracting for 24 hr, filtering, concentrating filtrate by rotary evaporation to 1/3 to obtain Cichorium intybus extract
The extraction method of the onion extract comprises the following steps: grinding Bulbus Allii Cepae, adding 3 times of 20% acetic acid by mass, soaking for 12 hr, adding 20% acetic acid solution by mass, reflux extracting for 24 hr, filtering, concentrating the filtrate by rotary evaporation to 1/3 to obtain Bulbus Allii Cepae extract.
The extraction method of the folium toonae sinensis extract comprises the following steps: crushing the dried Chinese toon leaves in the shade, adding 6 times of methanol with the volume percentage of 15% by mass for reflux extraction for 12 hours, filtering, taking filtrate, performing rotary evaporation and concentration to 1/3 of concentrated solution with the volume of the original solution to obtain the Chinese toon leaf extract.
The preparation method of the insect repellant water II comprises the following steps: mixing the wintergreen extract, the aloe extract, the witloof extract, the onion extract and the ailanthus leaf extract according to the weight parts.
Control group 1:
the other preparation method is completely the same as the example 1, but the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer is not used.
Control group 2:
the other preparation method is completely the same as the example 1, but the amino acid chelated selenium fertilizer is not used.
Control group 3:
the other preparation methods are completely the same as the example 1, but the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer and the amino acid chelated selenium fertilizer are not used.
Control group 4:
the other preparation methods are completely the same as the example 1, but the sodium selenite with the same mass percentage is used for replacing the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer and the amino acid chelated selenium fertilizer.
Control group 5:
the other preparation method was exactly the same as example 1, except that the insect-repellent water I and the insect-repellent water II were not used.
Firstly, testing and testing:
the contents of the effective components of the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer and the amino acid chelated selenium fertilizer in the embodiments 1 to 3 are tested, and the specific conditions are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001360052390000131
Secondly, planting observation experiment:
1. the experimental site: guangxi farm institute test site
2. Test plots: establishing 8 experimental plots with the same size, planting according to the methods of the examples 1-3 and the control groups 1-5, observing and recording the selenium content, the calcium content, the average stem weight, the leaf integrity and the rhizome integrity in the rhizome of the sweet potato, wherein the specific data are shown in the following table 2:
the blade integrity calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001360052390000141
the rhizome integrity calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001360052390000142
TABLE 2
Group of Se content (μ g/g) Ca content (μ g/g) Average stem weight (g) Leaf integrity (%) Rhizome integrity (%)
Example 1 201.31 302.02 326.1 98.5 99.2
Example 2 199.21 299.21 336.1 98.7 98.6
Example 3 198.01 298.12 362.9 99.2 98.9
Control group 1 131.02 13.02 255.3 97.5 98.1
Control group 2 94.12 91.03 251.4 96.4 97.6
Control group 3 1.02 12.03 203.2 98.6 96.2
Control group 4 134.01 10.02 204.3 98.7 96.5
Control group 5 199.02 298.02 201.3 41.3 53.2
From the above table, the selenium content in the examples 1 to 3 is obviously higher than that in the control groups 1 to 4, which shows that the selenium content of the purple sweet potato can be effectively improved by using the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer and the amino acid chelated selenium fertilizer together; the calcium content of the embodiments 1-3 is obviously higher than that of the control group 1 and the control group 3-4, which shows that the calcium content of the purple sweet potato can be effectively improved by fermenting the selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer by using the cassava provided by the application; the average stem weight of the examples 1 to 3 is significantly higher than that of the control groups 1 to 5, which shows that the yield of sweet potatoes can be significantly improved by using the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer, the amino acid chelated selenium fertilizer, the insect repellent water I and the insect repellent water II; the leaf integrity and the rhizome integrity of the examples 1 to 3 and the control groups 1 to 4 are significantly higher than those of the control group 5, which shows that the insect repellent water I and the insect repellent water II of the present application can effectively achieve the effects of killing insects and replacing pesticides.
In conclusion, the purple sweet potato produced by the method disclosed by the application can improve the selenium content, the calcium content and the yield of the purple sweet potato in an environment-friendly and pollution-free manner.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil improvement: when the land is ploughed, the soil is improved by adding the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer while ploughing, wherein the addition amount of the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer is as follows: 2000g/m2-3000g/m2；
(2) Land preparation: leveling the improved soil in the step (1), applying a base fertilizer, and covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm to obtain a pre-planted land; the addition amount of the base fertilizer is as follows: 1000g/m2-2000g/m2；
(3) Sowing: cutting the upper stem segment with terminal bud as seedling, each stem segment is 40-50 cm long, and then soaking the base of the seedling in rooting liquid; then, planting the sweet potatoes by adopting a horizontal shallow planting method, wherein the plant spacing of the sweet potatoes is 18-25 cm, the row spacing of the sweet potatoes is 90-110 cm, planting the seedlings on the pre-planting land obtained in the step (2), spraying insect-expelling water I to the planting land, and keeping the soil humidity at 50% -65%;
(4) topdressing: applying a growth fertilizer when the overground part of the seedling sowed in the step (3) grows to 40-45 cm, wherein the application amount of the growth fertilizer is 1000g/m2-2000g/m2Then covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3cm-5 cm; spraying amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer with mass concentration of 5-10% to the leaf surfaces of the seedlings; the spraying amount of the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer is 500g/m2-800g/m2；
(5) Field management: after topdressing, artificial weeding is carried out, and desinsectization water II is sprayed every 15 days, wherein the spraying amount of the desinsectization water II is 200g/m2-400g/m2Watering and draining waterlogging are carried out at variable time after topdressing and before harvesting, and the water content of the planted land is ensured to be 60-70%;
(6) harvesting: harvesting the roots and stems of the sweet potatoes after 120 days of planting of the sweet potatoes to obtain the selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes;
the horizontal shallow loading method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: the stem part which is 10cm-12cm away from the tail end of the seedling base part is a flat part, the stem part which is 15cm-18cm away from the top end of the flat part above the flat part is an upright part, and a seedling growing part is arranged above the upright part; the horizontal part is horizontally buried in the soil, the vertical part is connected with the horizontal part and vertically buried in the soil, and the growth part is connected with the vertical part, extends out of the outer surface of the soil and is in a vertical state;
the amino acid chelated selenium liquid fertilizer in the step (4) is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 47-55 parts of animal hoof nails, 23-26 parts of animal hair, 15-23 parts of animal internal organs, 7-13 parts of sodium selenite solution with the mass concentration of 2% -5% and 25-27 parts of tea leaves;
the cassava fermented selenium-rich high-calcium organic fertilizer in the step (1) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-55 parts of cassava dregs, 11-17 parts of cassava starch, 7-13 parts of lime powder, 3-7 parts of sodium selenite and 13-17 parts of kaolin.
2. The cultivation method of purple sweet potatoes rich in selenium and calcium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer of step (2) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 to 37 parts of soybean stems, 16 to 23 parts of rice bran, 7 to 13 parts of tea leaves and 23 to 33 parts of silkworm excrement.
3. The cultivation method of purple sweet potatoes rich in selenium and calcium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rooting solution of step (3) is prepared by mixing 600 times of 40% carbendazim wettable powder and 0.1 g/L naphthylacetic acid solution in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
4. The cultivation method of purple sweet potatoes rich in selenium and calcium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insect repellant water I in step (3) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 to 37 parts of wintergreen extract, 15 to 24 parts of eucalyptus extract, 15 to 24 parts of wrinkled gianthyssop extract and 15 to 24 parts of poplar and willow extract.
5. The cultivation method of purple sweet potatoes rich in selenium and calcium is characterized in that the growth fertilizer in the step (4) is prepared by mixing potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
6. The cultivation method of purple sweet potatoes rich in selenium and calcium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insect repellant water II in step (6) is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 to 24 parts of wintergreen extract, 13 to 27 parts of aloe extract, 18 to 26 parts of chicory extract, 19 to 27 parts of onion extract and 9 to 17 parts of ailanthus leaf extract.
CN201710613420.0A 2017-07-25 2017-07-25 Cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes Active CN107347407B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710613420.0A CN107347407B (en) 2017-07-25 2017-07-25 Cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201710613420.0A CN107347407B (en) 2017-07-25 2017-07-25 Cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN107347407A CN107347407A (en) 2017-11-17
CN107347407B true CN107347407B (en) 2020-07-31

Family

ID=60285415

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201710613420.0A Active CN107347407B (en) 2017-07-25 2017-07-25 Cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107347407B (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108419544A (en) * 2018-02-27 2018-08-21 宁士学 A kind of cultural method of high calcium crops
CN109089804B (en) * 2018-08-23 2021-11-02 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 High-quality high-yield cultivation method for edible sweet potatoes
CN109997640A (en) * 2019-04-04 2019-07-12 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Selenium-rich sweet potato cultivation technology
CN114731916A (en) * 2022-04-20 2022-07-12 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 Cultivation method of calcium-rich sweet potatoes

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103609274B (en) * 2013-10-10 2015-12-23 孔赟荣 The high-yield cultivating method of selenium-rich purple sweet potato
CN105085005A (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-11-25 安徽合一生态农业有限公司 Selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer and preparation method therefor
CN105103862A (en) * 2015-08-18 2015-12-02 陈志明 Purple sweet potato cultivating method
CN106688513A (en) * 2015-11-14 2017-05-24 包宗辉 Cultivation method of selenium-rich yam interplanted sweet potatoes
CN105432291A (en) * 2015-11-26 2016-03-30 望江县开心家庭农场有限公司 High-yield plantation method for purple sweet potatoes
CN106495856A (en) * 2016-10-19 2017-03-15 广西汇智生产力促进中心有限公司 A kind of cassava fermentation residue selenium-enriched high-calcium fertilizer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107347407A (en) 2017-11-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103553841B (en) Special fertilizer for tuberiferous plant, and preparation method thereof
CN107347406B (en) Interplanting method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes
CN107347407B (en) Cultivation method of selenium-rich high-calcium purple sweet potatoes
CN103814723A (en) Efficient cultivation method for high-altitude area radix dipsaci
CN105594426A (en) Method for planting polygonatum cyrtonema
CN102986437A (en) Method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli artificially
CN104904540A (en) Dendrobium nobile accompanying tea
CN107624577A (en) One cultivates peanut the green implantation methods of high yield
CN102077751A (en) Artificial domestication out-of-season planting technology of vegetable acanthopanax senticosus
CN104054491A (en) Planting method for muskmelons
CN102173951A (en) Organic fertilizer for reducing morbidity of cucumber root-knot nematode and preparation method thereof
CN104230564A (en) Vacuum-fermented organic fertilizer
CN103319250A (en) Microbial fertilizer specially used for magnolia officinalis powdery mildew
CN108432562A (en) The artificial cultivation and collecting method of macleaya cordata
CN102428815A (en) Good agriculture practice (GAP) method of Isodon glaucocalyx Kudo
CN106234006A (en) A kind of implantation methods of Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
CN105123253B (en) A kind of method for culturing seedlings of paris polyphylla
CN106336282A (en) Application method of tea enzyme used as fertilizer and pesticide
CN107711240A (en) A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Chinese chestnut
CN103274837B (en) A kind of Polyelement organic wintersweet compound fertilizer
CN110800562A (en) Planting method of organic mesona blume
CN107188657A (en) A kind of implantation methods of wheat
CN104496671A (en) Special biological pesticide fertilizer for fruit trees and preparation method of special biological pesticide fertilizer
CN106069151A (en) Semen Coicis makees the high-yield planting method of herbage
CN103274833A (en) Lonicera tragophylla pollution-free organic compound fertilizer comprising strontium

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant