CN110994190A - Composite ultra-wideband director and high-low frequency nested array - Google Patents
Composite ultra-wideband director and high-low frequency nested array Download PDFInfo
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- CN110994190A CN110994190A CN201911259396.0A CN201911259396A CN110994190A CN 110994190 A CN110994190 A CN 110994190A CN 201911259396 A CN201911259396 A CN 201911259396A CN 110994190 A CN110994190 A CN 110994190A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/02—Details
- H01Q19/021—Means for reducing undesirable effects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite ultra-wideband director, which is formed by combining a director sheet and a magnetic current ring, wherein the director sheet is arranged above a radiating surface of a vibrator, the magnetic current ring is arranged below the radiating surface of the vibrator, and the vertical axis of the magnetic current ring is superposed with the vibrator; in particular, the composite director realizes the plane wave conversion and gain improvement of an ultra-wide band by designing a double-layer director sheet and a spiral magnetic current ring. The invention combines the plane wave conversion characteristic of the director sheet with the axial gain characteristic of the magnetic current ring, and provides a solution of the ultra-wideband and high-gain composite director, thereby better meeting the requirements of the current 5G ultra-wideband antenna. The invention also provides a high-low frequency nested array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of base station antennas, in particular to a passive plane wave converter and a high-low frequency nested array for eliminating radiation pattern deformation caused by boundary stray.
Background
The high-low frequency nested array reduces the size of the antenna and increases the integration level of a multi-frequency array through spatial multiplexing, and is a technical scheme widely adopted in the design of the antenna of the current base station. A typical high and low frequency nested spatial multiplexing array is shown in fig. 1: the low-frequency radiating units are arranged into linear arrays at equal intervals, the high-frequency radiating units are arranged at the middle positions of the support table above the central shaft of the low-frequency radiating unit and the adjacent array elements of the low-frequency linear arrays at intervals, and the integration of the high-frequency and low-frequency arrays is realized on the premise of not increasing the physical size of the base station antenna by a mode of multiplexing the low-frequency array space by the high-frequency array.
Therefore, how to eliminate the interaction between the high and low frequency radiating elements becomes one of the key problems of the nested array: for the low-frequency radiating element, the high-frequency radiating element is arranged nearby, particularly on the central axis in the low-frequency radiating element, which is equivalent to changing the boundary and inevitably influencing the standing wave and the directional diagram; for the high-frequency radiating elements, whether the nested high-frequency oscillator positioned on the central saddle of the low-frequency radiating element or the external high-frequency oscillator positioned in the middle of the adjacent low-frequency radiating element is inevitably influenced by stray waves from the low-frequency radiating element. Especially, the external high-frequency oscillator is located in the projection area of the low-frequency radiation unit, the low-frequency radiation unit forms serious shielding and scattering to the electromagnetic wave radiated by the low-frequency radiation unit, and reflected waves, stray waves and incident waves are superposed to often cause directional diagram distortion and gain reduction. Miniaturization of nested arrays and antennas is difficult to implement if no effective technical means can be found to combat the strays caused by the complex electromagnetic boundaries mentioned above!
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite ultra-wideband director that is resistant to complex boundary scattering.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-low frequency nested array having the composite ultra-wideband director.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A composite ultra-wideband director is characterized by comprising a director sheet positioned above a radiating surface of a vibrator and a magnetic current ring positioned right below the radiating surface of the vibrator and vertical to the central axis of the radiating surface.
More preferably, the guide sheet has a double-or multi-layer structure, and the upper guide sheet has a larger area than the lower guide sheet.
More preferably, the guide sheet is a double-layer metal sheet, an upper layer metal sheet far away from the top of the vibrator in the double-layer metal sheet is composed of four metal sheets, and a lower layer metal sheet close to the top of the vibrator is composed of one metal sheet.
More preferably, the lead sheet is a double-layer printed circuit board, the upper layer printed circuit board and the copper-clad pattern form an upper layer lead sheet, the lower layer printed circuit board and the copper-clad pattern form a lower layer lead sheet, and the upper layer printed circuit board, the lower layer printed circuit board and the copper-clad pattern are completely the same.
More preferably, the upper printed circuit board and the lower printed circuit board are connected into a whole through two side plates which are inserted from top to bottom, and the two side plates are combined together through a mortise and tenon structure.
More preferably, the magnetic current ring is a closed circular ring or a spiral structure.
More preferably, the helical structure increases in radius with the helix.
A high and low frequency nested array comprising: the high-frequency radiating units are arranged on the supporting platform above the central shaft of the low-frequency radiating unit at intervals and are arranged in the middle of the two adjacent low-frequency radiating units; the composite ultra-wideband director is characterized in that the composite ultra-wideband director is arranged on the high-frequency radiation unit.
More preferably, each of the low-frequency radiating elements forms a linear array, and the composite ultra-wideband director is disposed on the high-frequency radiating element located in the middle of two adjacent low-frequency radiating elements.
More preferably, the working frequency range of the high-low frequency nested array is 1710MHz-2690 MHz.
The invention discloses a composite ultra-wideband director, which consists of a director sheet right above a vibrator and a magnetic current ring, wherein the vertical axis of the director sheet is superposed with the vibrator and is arranged below a radiating surface of the vibrator, and the composite ultra-wideband director has the function of resisting complex boundary scattering. The working principle is as follows: the guide piece above the radiating surface and the magnetic current ring below the radiating surface jointly form a plane wave converter, spherical waves generated by oscillator radiation are converted into plane waves with wave beams gathered upwards, and therefore distortion and gain reduction of a high-frequency oscillator radiation pattern caused by low-frequency oscillators and boundary stray are reduced. In the above plane wave conversion process, the director sheet and the magnetic current ring have different functions: on one hand, the electromagnetic wave generated by oscillator radiation induces current on the guiding sheet right above, the electromagnetic wave generated by the current radiation is superposed with incident waves to change the phase distribution of the electromagnetic field, and spherical waves generated by the oscillator radiation can be converted into plane waves with wave vectors perpendicular to the oscillator radiation surface by optimizing the shape, size and height (perpendicular distance between the high-frequency radiation surface) of the guiding sheet; on the other hand, the size and the height of the magnetic current ring are optimized, a scattered field generated by the magnetic current ring below the vertical axis of the oscillator has an enhancement effect on an electric field above the scattered field, the radiation field of the oscillator is focused upwards, the beam width is narrowed, and therefore the influence of the shielding and the stray of the boundary and the low-frequency oscillator on the high-frequency radiation field is reduced.
Compared with the existing director technology, the composite ultra-wideband director has the following characteristics:
1) the guide sheet is combined with the magnetic current ring, so that the plane wave conversion efficiency is higher, the radiation wave beam is more convergent, the effect of resisting boundary stray is excellent, and the guide sheet is particularly suitable for guiding a high-frequency oscillator in a high-frequency and low-frequency nested array.
2) The double-layer guide sheet and the spiral magnetic current ring are adopted, so that the antenna has larger bandwidth and better meets the requirement of a 5G ultra-wideband antenna.
3) The process is simple, the mass production can be realized only by simple metal plates and stamping processes no matter the guide sheet or the magnetic current ring, and the cost advantage is obvious.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional high-low frequency nested array.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite ultra-wideband director according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the composite ultra-wideband director according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the composite high frequency director of the present invention applied to a high and low frequency nested array.
Figure 5 shows the results of the external high frequency element pattern test without the use of directors.
Figure 6 shows the external high frequency element pattern test results after using directors.
Description of reference numerals:
1: high-frequency oscillator, 2: guide sheet, 3: magnetic current loop, 4: a printed circuit board.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the terms of orientation, such as "central", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., it indicates that the orientation and positional relationship shown in the drawings are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated without limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "assembled", "connected", and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; or may be a mechanical connection; the two elements can be directly connected or connected through an intermediate medium, and the two elements can be communicated with each other. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, "above" or "below" a first feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "above," "below," and "above" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply an elevation which indicates a level of the first feature being higher than an elevation of the second feature. The first feature being "above", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings of the specification, so that the technical solutions and the advantages thereof are more clear and clear. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are intended to be illustrative of the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-low frequency nested array, which is one of the main application scenarios of the composite ultra-wideband director. In the array, the high-frequency radiation units are arranged at intervals on the supporting platform above the central shaft of the low-frequency radiation unit and in the middle positions of the adjacent array elements of the low-frequency linear array, and the integration of the high-frequency and low-frequency arrays is realized on the premise of not increasing the physical size of the base station antenna in a mode of multiplexing the low-frequency array space by the high-frequency array. As shown in fig. 1, for convenience of explanation, the high-frequency radiating element located on the pallet above the central axis of the low-frequency radiating element is referred to as a nested high-frequency oscillator, and the high-frequency radiating element located in the middle of the adjacent array elements of the low-frequency linear array is referred to as an external high-frequency oscillator. One of the outstanding problems of the array method is that: the radiation electromagnetic wave of the external high-frequency oscillator is shielded and scattered by the low-frequency oscillators on the two sides to cause serious distortion of a directional diagram, and the gain is obviously reduced. On the premise of not changing array mode and internal space of antenna, one of the common methods is to change the spatial phase distribution of radiation electromagnetic field by director to convert the divergent spherical wave into plane wave converging towards the normal direction of radiation surface so as to reduce the influence of low-frequency oscillator and boundary stray on high-frequency radiation directional diagram. However, the disclosed directors tend to have the following limitations: 1) the bandwidth is not enough, only the narrow-band problem can be solved, but the ultra-wideband problem cannot be solved; 2) although the pattern distortion can be eliminated to some extent, the gain is reduced. The composite director aims to break the limitation and provides a solution of the ultra-wideband and high-gain composite director.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a composite ultra-wideband director and its application in high and low frequency nested arrays. The composite high-frequency director consists of a directing sheet 2 positioned above a high-frequency oscillator 1 and a magnetic current ring 3 which is positioned right below the high-frequency oscillator 1 and is vertical to the central axis of a radiation surface. The guiding sheet 2 is a plane wave converter, which converts the dispersed spherical wave into the plane wave converging toward the normal direction of the radiating surface (vertical central axis is upward) by changing the spatial phase distribution of the radiated electromagnetic wave, because the radiation power is concentrated toward the free space right above the vibrator, the influence of the stray wave of the boundary and the low-frequency radiating unit is naturally reduced, and the deformation problem of the radiation pattern is improved.
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the guiding sheet 2 is formed of a double-layer metal sheet, and an upper layer metal sheet of the double-layer metal sheet, which is farther from the top of the high-frequency oscillator, is formed of four metal sheets and has a larger area than a lower layer metal sheet closer to the top of the high-frequency oscillator, so that the double-layer metal sheet has a broadband plane wave conversion capability. The magnetic current ring which is positioned below the radiation surface of the high-frequency oscillator and is coaxial with the radiation surface of the high-frequency oscillator is a coil magnetic dipole antenna, the radiation direction of the magnetic current ring points to the normal direction of the radiation surface of the high-frequency oscillator, and the scattering field of the magnetic current ring has the optimal enhancement effect on the electromagnetic radiation of the high-frequency oscillator by optimizing the height of the magnetic current ring, so that the purpose of increasing the gain is achieved; in addition, after the magnetic current ring is loaded below the high-frequency oscillator, the half-power angle of a radiation pattern is narrowed, so that the generation of stray waves is reduced to a certain extent.
Preferably, the magnetic current loop 3 is a spiral magnetic current loop, and the radius of the spiral magnetic current loop increases as the spiral rises, so that the gain is improved in a wider frequency band.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the guiding sheet composed of the double-layer metal sheet is replaced by a printed circuit board 4, wherein the upper layer printed circuit board and the copper-clad pattern thereof constitute the upper layer guiding sheet, the lower layer printed circuit board and the copper-clad pattern thereof constitute the lower layer guiding sheet, and the upper and lower layer printed circuit boards and the copper-clad patterns are identical; the upper and lower layers of printed circuit boards are connected into a whole through mortise and tenon joints and side plates which are inserted up and down.
As an alternative embodiment of the magnetic current ring, the spiral magnetic current ring is replaced by a circular ring; the magnetic current ring is arranged into more than three layers; the present embodiment is not limited.
Fig. 4 shows an application example of the composite high-frequency director in the high-frequency and low-frequency nested array according to the present invention. In practical use, the composite high-frequency director is mounted on the external high-frequency oscillator. Of course, the composite high-frequency director is also applied to other antennas according to actual needs, and is matched with oscillators with other frequencies, and is not limited to the embodiment.
In order to fully demonstrate the utility of the composite high-frequency director, fig. 5 and 6 respectively show the comparison of the test results of the directional diagrams of the external high-frequency oscillators shown in fig. 1 and 4. From a comparison of fig. 5, 6, it can be seen that: when the director is not used, 1710MHz and 2690MHz directional diagrams are seriously distorted, and the gain is reduced due to collapse of the top; after the composite high-frequency director is used, the pattern distortion is completely eliminated, and the gain is recovered to be normal.
Compared with the existing director, the composite high-frequency director has the following characteristics: 1) the composite director consists of a directing sheet arranged above a high-frequency oscillator and a magnetic current ring which is arranged below the high-frequency oscillator and is overlapped with the vertical axis; 2) the above-mentioned directing sheet has a double-layer or multi-layer structure, and the upper layer directing sheet has a larger area than the lower layer directing sheet; 3) in order to expand the bandwidth meter, the magnetic current ring can also adopt a spiral structure besides a closed circular ring, and the radius of the spiral structure is increased along with the spiral rising.
Claims (10)
1. A composite ultra-wideband director is characterized by comprising a director sheet positioned above a radiating surface of a vibrator and a magnetic current ring positioned right below the radiating surface of the vibrator and vertical to the central axis of the radiating surface.
2. A composite ultra-wideband director according to claim 1, wherein said director sheet has a double or multi-layer structure, and the upper director sheet has a larger area than the lower director sheet.
3. A composite ultra-wideband director as claimed in claim 2, wherein the director sheet is a double layer metal sheet, the upper layer of the double layer metal sheet farther from the top of the vibrator is made up of four metal sheets, and the lower layer of the double layer metal sheet closer to the top of the vibrator is made up of one metal sheet.
4. A composite ultra-wideband director as claimed in claim 2, wherein the director sheet is a double-layer printed circuit board, the upper layer printed circuit board and the copper-clad pattern form an upper layer director sheet, the lower layer printed circuit board and the copper-clad pattern form a lower layer director sheet, and the upper and lower layer printed circuit boards and the copper-clad pattern are identical.
5. The composite ultra-wideband director according to claim 4, wherein the upper printed circuit board and the lower printed circuit board are connected into a whole by two side plates which are inserted up and down, and the two side plates are combined together by a mortise and tenon structure.
6. A composite ultra-wideband director as claimed in claim 1, wherein said magnetic current loop is a closed circular loop or a spiral structure.
7. A composite ultra-wideband director according to claim 5, wherein said helical structure increases with increasing helix radius.
8. A high and low frequency nested array comprising: the high-frequency radiating units are arranged on the supporting platform above the central shaft of the low-frequency radiating unit at intervals and are arranged in the middle of the two adjacent low-frequency radiating units; the composite ultra-wideband director is characterized in that the high-frequency radiation unit is provided with the composite ultra-wideband director as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A nested high and low frequency array as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of said low frequency radiating elements forms a linear array, and said composite ultra-wideband director is disposed on said high frequency radiating element at a position intermediate between two adjacent low frequency radiating elements.
10. The high-low frequency nested array of claim 8, wherein the operating frequency range of the high-low frequency nested array is 1710MHz to 2690 MHz.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911259396.0A CN110994190A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Composite ultra-wideband director and high-low frequency nested array |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911259396.0A CN110994190A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Composite ultra-wideband director and high-low frequency nested array |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110994190A true CN110994190A (en) | 2020-04-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201911259396.0A Pending CN110994190A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Composite ultra-wideband director and high-low frequency nested array |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114171889A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-11 | 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 | Double-layer director and multi-frequency base station antenna array |
-
2019
- 2019-12-10 CN CN201911259396.0A patent/CN110994190A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114171889A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-11 | 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 | Double-layer director and multi-frequency base station antenna array |
| CN114171889B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-07-05 | 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 | Double-layer director and multi-frequency base station antenna array |
| WO2023103244A1 (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2023-06-15 | 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 | Double-layer director and multi-frequency base station antenna array |
| EP4266489A4 (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-01-10 | Guangdong Broadradio Communication Technology Co., Ltd | Double-layer director and multi-frequency base station antenna array |
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