CN110993779B - N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film and a preparation method thereof. The method is simple and high in controllability, and after the composite material is compounded with the nano carbon material, the conductivity of the polyethylene nickel tetrathiol can be greatly improved, so that high thermoelectric performance can be obtained, and the prepared composite thermoelectric film of the polyethylene nickel tetrathiol-single-walled carbon nano tube has good application prospect, wherein the conductivity of the prepared composite thermoelectric film of the polyethylene nickel tetrathiol-single-walled carbon nano tube is 620S/cm at 400K.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of thermoelectric thin film materials and preparation thereof, and particularly relates to an N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric thin film and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The thermoelectric material can realize direct conversion of heat energy and electric energy by utilizing the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect of a semiconductor, and has important application prospect in the technical fields of special power supplies and refrigeration. The thermoelectric properties of a material are generally evaluated by a dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit zT, which is σ S2T/kappa, sigma is the electrical conductivity, S is the seebeck coefficient, kappa is the thermal conductivity, T is the absolute temperature, sigma S2Is the power factor. As a novel thermoelectric material, the polymer thermoelectric material has the characteristics of light weight, low price of raw materials, easiness in large-scale preparation, good flexibility, intrinsic low thermal conductivity and the like, and has attracted extensive attention and research of people in recent years. The existing method for optimizing the performance of the polymer thermoelectric material mainly comprises the steps of regulating and controlling the doping concentration of the polymer thermoelectric material, improving the degree of order of a molecular chain structure of the polymer material, preparing the polymer-based composite thermoelectric material and the like. Through these approaches, the thermoelectric performance of polymer thermoelectric materials such as polyaniline and polythiophene derivatives is greatly improved. However, these common conductive polymer thermoelectric materials are all P-type thermoelectric materialsThe charge carrier mobility of most N-type conducting polymers is very low, and thus the conductivity and power factor are very low. Thermoelectric devices are generally composed of P-type and N-type thermoelectric materials connected in series, but one of the two is not enough, so that the development of high-performance N-type polymer thermoelectric materials becomes extremely important.
Among many N-type polymer thermoelectric materials, nickel polyvinyltetrathiol has relatively high thermoelectric properties, but the conductivity and power factor are still low compared to P-type polymer thermoelectric materials. The insolubility and insolubility of nickel polytetrethiolate (Advanced Materials,2012,24,932-937) makes the preparation and processing of their composites extremely difficult. Therefore, the design of the preparation method of the polyvinyl tetrathiol nickel-nano carbon material composite thermoelectric film has very important significance. CN104241515A discloses an organic thermoelectric material based on nickel ethylene tetrathiol, and a preparation method and an application thereof, but the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power factor of the material are still low, and direct preparation of a composite film cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film and a preparation method thereof, overcoming the defect that the prior art can not realize the preparation of the polyvinyl tetrathiol nickel-nano carbon material composite film, and obtaining the polyvinyl tetrathiol nickel-nano carbon material composite thermoelectric film by a simple electrochemical polymerization method.
The N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film is a polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-nano carbon material composite film, wherein the nano carbon material is uniformly distributed in a polyethylene tetrathiol nickel matrix.
The nano carbon material is one or more of a single-wall carbon nano tube, a double-wall carbon nano tube, a multi-wall carbon nano tube, graphene, carbon nano fibers and fullerene.
The invention discloses a preparation method of an N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding potassium methoxide and 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5 diketone into methanol under inert atmosphere, stirring and dissolving at room temperature, then adding anhydrous nickel acetate, and continuously stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution A;
(2) adding 1,1 '-dibenzyl-4, 4' -bipyridine dichloride and a nano carbon material into methanol, and stirring and dissolving at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution B;
(3) and mixing the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B, uniformly stirring, adding the filtered filtrate into an electrolytic cell, fixing a substrate on a working electrode, electrochemically polymerizing, washing and drying to obtain the N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film.
The molar ratio of the potassium methoxide to the 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5 diketone in the step (1) is 5: 1; the molar ratio of the anhydrous nickel acetate to the 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5-diketone is 1-2: 1.
Stirring and dissolving for 24-48 h at room temperature in the step (1), then adding anhydrous nickel acetate, and continuously stirring and dissolving for 24-48 h.
In the step (2), the mass ratio of the 1,1 '-dibenzyl-4, 4' -bipyridine dichloride to the nano carbon material is 0.001-0.5: 1;
the mass ratio of the nano carbon material added in the step (2) to the 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5-diketone is 0.001-3: 1.
And (3) stirring time in the step (2) is 2-10 h.
And (3) the substrate is a silicon wafer, glass, polyimide PI or polyethylene terephthalate PET film.
The stirring time in the step (3) is 2-10 h; the working voltage of electrochemical polymerization is 0.6V, and the electrochemical polymerization time is 12-48 h; the drying is carried out for 6-24 h under the vacuum condition at the temperature of 60 ℃.
The N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film prepared by the method is provided.
The invention relates to an application of the N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film as described in claim 1.
Advantageous effects
The method has simple process and high controllability, and the prepared N-type polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-nano carbon material composite thermoelectric film has better thermoelectric performance, for example, the prepared polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-single-walled carbon nanotube composite thermoelectric film has the conductivity of about 620S/cm at 400K and the seebeck coefficient of about-103 mu V/K, and has good application prospect; the method is also suitable for preparing the composite thermoelectric film on the flexible substrate, and the composite film has good flexibility and can be bent and applied to the field of wearable electronic devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a digital photograph of a composite thermoelectric film of nickel polytetarcaptan-single-walled carbon nanotubes in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite thermoelectric film of polythene tetrasulfate nickel-single-walled carbon nanotubes in example 1;
FIG. 3 is the electrical conductivity of the composite thermoelectric film of polythene tetrasulfate nickel-single-walled carbon nanotubes in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a Seebeck coefficient of the composite thermoelectric film of polythene tetrathiol nickel-single-walled carbon nanotube in example 1;
fig. 5 shows the power factor of the composite thermoelectric film of poly (ethylene tetrathiol) nickel-single-walled carbon nanotubes in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are all commercially available from the public. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (5-30 microns in length, 95% pure) were produced by geneva naoene technologies ltd, graphene (0.5-5 microns in sheet diameter, 0.8 nm thick) was produced by nanjing piofeng technologies ltd, 1,1 '-dibenzyl-4, 4' -bipyridine dichloride was produced by Sigma-Aldrich, 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5 dione was produced by carbofuran.
Example 1
(1) Under the atmosphere of argon, adding 12mmol of potassium methoxide and 2.4mmol of 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5 diketone into 200mL of methanol solvent, and stirring and dissolving for 36 hours at room temperature;
(2) adding 2.4mmol of anhydrous nickel acetate into the solution obtained in the step (1), and continuously stirring and dissolving at room temperature for 36 hours;
(3) adding 1,1 '-dibenzyl-4, 4' -bipyridine dichloride 2mg and a single-walled carbon nanotube 20mg into a methanol solvent 100mL, and stirring and dissolving for 3h at room temperature;
(4) adding the solution obtained in the step (3) into the solution obtained in the step (2), and continuously stirring for 3 hours at room temperature;
(5) filtering the solution obtained in the step (4), adding the filtrate into an electrolytic cell, fixing a polyimide substrate on a working electrode (platinum sheet), wherein the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, the counter electrode is a platinum sheet, and performing electrochemical polymerization for 24 hours at the working voltage of 0.6V;
(6) after the reaction is finished, washing the deposited film by using methanol, deionized water and methanol in sequence, and drying the film for 6 hours in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the N-type polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-single-walled carbon nanotube composite thermoelectric film;
the digital photo of the prepared N-type polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-single-walled carbon nanotube composite thermoelectric film has good flexibility and can be bent as shown in figure 1;
as shown in fig. 2, the prepared N-type nickel polytetarcaptan-single-walled carbon nanotube composite thermoelectric film has scanning electron microscope images, and the carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed in a nickel polytetarcaptan matrix;
as shown in FIGS. 3-5, the conductivity, the seebeck coefficient and the power factor of the N-type polyethylene nickel tetrathiol-single-walled carbon nanotube composite thermoelectric film are respectively 620S/cm, -103 muV/K and 660 muW/mK at 400K2。
Example 2
(1) Under the atmosphere of argon, adding 12mmol of potassium methoxide and 2.4mmol of 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5 diketone into 200mL of methanol solvent, and stirring and dissolving for 36 hours at room temperature;
(2) adding 2.4mmol of anhydrous nickel acetate into the solution obtained in the step (1), and continuously stirring and dissolving at room temperature for 36 hours;
(3) adding 1,1 '-dibenzyl-4, 4' -bipyridine dichloride 0.5mg and single-walled carbon nanotube 5mg into 100mL of methanol solvent, and stirring and dissolving at room temperature for 3 h;
(4) adding the solution obtained in the step (3) into the solution obtained in the step (2), and continuously stirring for 3 hours at room temperature;
(5) filtering the solution obtained in the step (4), adding the filtrate into an electrolytic cell, fixing a polyimide substrate on a working electrode (platinum sheet), wherein the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, the counter electrode is a platinum sheet, and performing electrochemical polymerization for 24 hours at the working voltage of 0.6V;
(6) and after the reaction is finished, washing the deposited film by using methanol, deionized water and methanol in sequence, and drying for 6 hours in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the N-type polyethylene nickel tetrathiol-single-walled carbon nanotube composite thermoelectric film.
The electric conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient and the power factor of the composite thermoelectric film are respectively about 309S/cm, -119 muV/K and 438 muW/mK at 400K2。
Example 3
(1) Under the atmosphere of argon, adding 12mmol of potassium methoxide and 2.4mmol of 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5 diketone into 200mL of methanol solvent, and stirring and dissolving for 36 hours at room temperature;
(2) adding 2.4mmol of anhydrous nickel acetate into the solution obtained in the step (1), and continuously stirring and dissolving at room temperature for 36 hours;
(3) adding 2mg of 1,1 '-dibenzyl-4, 4' -bipyridine dichloride and 20mg of graphene into 100mL of methanol solvent, and stirring and dissolving for 3 hours at room temperature;
(4) adding the solution obtained in the step (3) into the solution obtained in the step (2), and continuously stirring for 3 hours at room temperature;
(5) filtering the solution obtained in the step (4), adding the filtrate into an electrolytic cell, fixing a polyimide substrate on a working electrode (platinum sheet), wherein the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, the counter electrode is a platinum sheet, and performing electrochemical polymerization for 24 hours at the working voltage of 0.6V;
(6) and after the reaction is finished, washing the deposited film by using methanol, deionized water and methanol in sequence, and drying for 6 hours in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the N-type polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-graphene composite thermoelectric film.
The electric conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient and the power factor of the composite thermoelectric film are 527S/cm, 94 mu V/K and 466 mu W/mK respectively at 400K2。
Comparative example 1
The thermoelectric films of nickel polythene tetrathiol were prepared according to the parameter conditions in examples 1-3, and the conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and power factor of the obtained film at 400K were about 208S/cm, -131 uV/K, 357 uW/mK respectively2。
Compared with the polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-single-walled carbon nanotube composite thermoelectric film and the polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-graphene composite thermoelectric film prepared in examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that the addition of the single-walled carbon nanotube and the graphene in the composite film significantly improves the conductivity and thermoelectric power factor of the material.
Comparative example 2
The thermoelectric properties of the polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-single-walled carbon nanotube composite thermoelectric films and the polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-graphene composite thermoelectric films prepared in examples 1 to 3 are significantly better than that of the polyethylene tetrathiol nickel mentioned in CN104241515A (the power factor is 311 muW/mK)2)。
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of an N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film comprises the following steps:
(1) adding potassium methoxide and 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5 diketone into methanol under inert atmosphere, stirring and dissolving at room temperature, then adding anhydrous nickel acetate, and continuously stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution A;
(2) adding 1,1 '-dibenzyl-4, 4' -bipyridine dichloride and a nano carbon material into methanol, and stirring and dissolving at room temperature to obtain a mixed solution B;
(3) and mixing the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B, uniformly stirring, adding the filtered filtrate into an electrolytic cell, fixing a substrate on a working electrode, electrochemically polymerizing, washing and drying to obtain the N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film, wherein the N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film is a polyethylene nickel tetrathiol-nano carbon material composite film.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of potassium methoxide to 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5-dione in the step (1) is 5: 1; the molar ratio of the anhydrous nickel acetate to the 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5-diketone is 1-2: 1.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mixture is stirred and dissolved for 24-48 h at room temperature, and then anhydrous nickel acetate is added, and stirring and dissolving are continued for 24-48 h.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of 1,1 '-dibenzyl-4, 4' -bipyridine dichloride to the nanocarbon material in the step (2) is 0.001-0.5: 1; the mass ratio of the nano carbon material added in the step (2) to the 1,3,4, 6-tetrathiapentalene-2, 5-diketone is 0.001-3: 1.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate in the step (3) is a silicon wafer, glass, polyimide PI or polyethylene terephthalate PET film.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the stirring time in the step (3) is 2-10 h; the working voltage of electrochemical polymerization is 0.6V, and the electrochemical polymerization time is 12-48 h; drying is 60oAnd C, drying for 6-24 hours under a vacuum condition.
7. An N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein the composite thermoelectric film is a polyethylene tetrathiol nickel-nanocarbon material composite film, wherein the nanocarbon material is uniformly distributed in a polyethylene tetrathiol nickel matrix.
8. The N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film as claimed in claim 7, wherein the nano-carbon material is one or more of single-walled carbon nanotube, multi-walled carbon nanotube, graphene, carbon nanofiber and fullerene.
9. Use of the N-type polymer-based composite thermoelectric film of claim 1.
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