CN110987366A - Polarization parameter measuring system of remote multistage optical fiber system - Google Patents
Polarization parameter measuring system of remote multistage optical fiber system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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Abstract
The invention relates to a polarization parameter measuring system of a remote multistage optical fiber system. The system consists of a laser, a polarization state generator controller, an input end optical fiber, a multi-stage rotatable optical fiber wave plate, a plurality of optical fiber devices to be tested, an output end optical fiber, a polarization analyzer and a computer. The invention is a measuring method and a system for gradually obtaining the Maitreya polarization parameters of optical fiber devices to be measured by inserting a rotary optical fiber wave plate in front of each optical fiber device to be measured on the basis of a basic system of a polarimeter, modulating the input polarization state of each optical fiber device to be measured, measuring the light polarization state of the corresponding output end, establishing a system measurement equation and further adopting a least square system estimation algorithm. The invention can be used for remote online measurement of the polarization parameters of single or multiple optical fiber devices at any position in an optical fiber communication or sensing system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system for polarization parameters of a remote multilevel fiber system. On the basic system of a polarimeter, a rotary optical fiber wave plate is inserted in front of each optical fiber device to be measured, the input polarization state of each optical fiber device to be measured is modulated, the light polarization state of the corresponding output end is measured, a system measurement equation is established, and then a least square system estimation algorithm is adopted to obtain the measuring method and the system of the Maitreya polarization parameters of the optical fiber device to be measured step by step. The method can be used for remote online measurement of the polarization parameters of single or multiple optical fiber devices at any position in the optical fiber communication or sensing system.
Background
In the optical fiber communication, sensing and measuring system, the polarization conversion characteristics of various photonic devices and subsystems can directly influence the working performance of the system, so that the real-time online detection of the polarization conversion characteristics of the optical fiber devices, the optical fiber units and the optical fiber subsystems at any position in the system is one of the keys for realizing the high-performance optical communication, optical sensing and measuring system.
The polarization conversion characteristics of the device can be fully described by using a 4x4 miller matrix with 16 parameters. The polarization characteristics of the device are divided into three polarization optical effects: firstly, the depolarization characteristic based on the scattering effect of the device; second is the loss or gain effect associated with polarization; third is a birefringence effect including a circular birefringence and a linear birefringence effect. All these physical effects can be described by means of a miller matrix. The mueller matrix of the research and measurement device is therefore an important part of the optical polarization research.
The equipment that measures the mueller matrix is called a polarimeter. The existing polarizer for measuring the Mueller matrix has the basic structure of a light source, a polarization generator, a measured substance and a polarization analyzer. The polarization generator and the polarization analyzer can be formed by combining a polarizer, a rotating wave plate, a photoelastic polarization modulator, a liquid crystal adjustable phase retarder and the like, wherein the latter two methods have higher measuring speed. These differently configured systems are based on essentially the same measurement method by producing four or more linearly independent polarization states at the input, such as linearly polarized 0, 45, 90, and a circularly polarized state; and respectively detecting the polarization states of the corresponding output end lights by a polarization analyzer, and solving 16 parameters of the Mueller matrix through a polarization state input-output relation equation. The biggest characteristics of current polarimeter are: firstly, the method is to perform short-range measurement on the parameters of the Maitreya matrix of a single measured object; secondly, the polarization state generated by the polarization generator needs to be known exactly in the measurement process, namely 4 or more special polarization states of input light need to be realized strictly in the measurement process, and the system requires full-system collimation of the azimuth angle of the main shaft.
Based on the thought of system estimation, the invention provides a numerical analysis method utilizing modern mathematics to solve a system estimation equation set established by comparing the analytic result of the tested system parameters with the experimental test result, thereby optimizing the method for obtaining the Muller matrix of the multi-stage cascade optical fiber device to be tested in the optical fiber system. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics that the exact position of the input polarization state generated by the polarization generator does not need to be known exactly, so that the measurement of the Maitreya parameter of a remote optical fiber system can be realized; based on the reciprocity of the optical fiber device, the parameter measurement of the Mueller matrix of the multistage optical fiber device is realized; the identity of the optical fiber wave plate and the optical fiber system is utilized to realize the online measurement and calibration of the parameters of the optical fiber wave plate, and further realize the remote measurement of the Maitreya parameters of the multistage optical fiber device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polarization parameter measuring system of a remote multistage optical fiber system aiming at the defects in the prior art, a rotatable optical fiber wave plate is inserted in front of an optical fiber unit to be measured, the polarization state of output light is measured at different rotating positions by rotating the optical fiber wave plate, so that a measuring equation set containing measured Maitreya polarization parameters is established, and the Maitreya polarization parameters of a single-stage optical fiber device are obtained by carrying out system estimation by adopting a least square method. In the test system, the preposed optical fiber wave plate can be realized by optical fiber winding rings or optical fiber extrusion. The birefringence retardation of the fiber optic waveplate can be measured in a self-consistent calibration in the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a polarization parameter measuring system of a remote multistage optical fiber system comprises a laser, a polarization generator, a remote guide optical fiber, a rotatable optical fiber wave plate N, a measured optical fiber device N, a lower-stage rotatable optical fiber N-1, a measured optical fiber device N-1 … and a last-stage rotatable optical fiber wave plate 0, an output end guide optical fiber, a polarization analyzer, a computer and a polarization generator control system. The method is characterized in that: the laser is connected with a polarization analyzer through a polarization generator, a remote guide optical fiber, a rotatable optical fiber wave plate N, a measured optical fiber device N, a lower rotatable optical fiber wave plate N-1, a measured optical fiber N-1 …, a last stage optical fiber wave plate 0 and an output end guide light in sequence, a control system of the polarization generator is connected with the polarization generator and a computer, and the polarization analyzer is connected with the computer. The working principle is as follows: the output light of the laser generates N > -4 linearly independent polarization states through a polarization generator, reaches a rotatable optical fiber wave plate N through a remote guide optical fiber, enters a first tested optical fiber device, and then enters a second tested optical fiber device through a second rotatable optical fiber wave plate N; and by analogy, the measured optical fiber units are combined with the N rotatable optical fiber wave plates and then pass through the last stage of rotatable optical fiber wave plate, the optical fibers are guided by the output end to be output to the polarization analyzer, and the computer is connected with the polarization analyzer to complete the measurement of the Maitreya matrix of each stage of measured optical fiber units.
In the method for measuring the miller polarization parameter of the remote multistage optical fiber system, the method is characterized in that: each measured fiber device has 16 measured miller polarization parameters. The system adopts a step-by-step measurement mode, firstly, the last stage of optical fiber wave plate is adjusted, and when different rotation positions of the optical fiber wave plate are measured, the output polarization state corresponding to the polarization state generated by each polarization state generator is established, so that an equation set comprising 16 Maitreya parameters of the output guide optical fiber is established, and then the Maitreya matrix of the optical fiber to be measured is calculated by utilizing a system estimation algorithm. By analogy with the same method, the system equation based on the Maitreya polarization parameters of the optical fiber device to be tested is established by adjusting the rotatable optical fiber wave plates step by step and measuring the light polarization state of the corresponding output end, and the Maitreya polarization matrix parameters of all the optical fiber units to be tested can be obtained step by utilizing the least square system estimation algorithm.
In the method for measuring the miller polarization parameter of the remote multistage optical fiber system, the method is characterized in that: the method can measure the Maitreya polarization parameter of the optical fiber system or the device at any position in the optical fiber system.
In the above method for measuring polarization parameters of a remote multistage optical fiber system, the adjustable optical fiber wave plate is implemented by introducing linear birefringence through optical fiber looping or extrusion by using a system own optical fiber.
In the above method for measuring polarization parameters of a remote multistage optical fiber system, the birefringence retardation of the optical fiber wave plate can be self-consistent calibrated and measured by the measurement system, and when the birefringence retardation of the optical fiber wave plate is close to 2 pi/3, the system measurement error is the smallest.
In the method for measuring the polarization parameters of the remote multistage optical fiber system, the polarization state adjustment is realized by rotating the optical fiber wave plate. The minimum polarization state adjusting states are three, and the more the rotation angle of the wave plate is, the smaller the system measurement error is.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable advantages:
(1) the relation between the measured parameters and the measured values is established from the overall angle of the system, the mathematical analysis relation between the measured values and the measured values can be directly obtained through a numerical calculation method, the measured values are obtained, the method is expanded, then all system parameters and the system equation of the measured values are established, and all possible system parameters are obtained through an optimization method, so that the method is a method for estimating the system parameters by utilizing the measurable polarization state quantity of the system.
(2) The method can realize the measurement of the Miller parameter of a remote multistage optical fiber device in the optical fiber communication and sensing system.
(3) In the optical fiber system, the Maitreya polarization parameter between any two points can be measured by inserting a rotatable optical fiber wave plate between the two points, so that the polarization state measurement at any position in the optical fiber communication and sensing system can be realized.
(4) The system measurement does not need to be carried out under a specific input polarization state, and no strict system polarization collimation requirement exists in the test process.
(5) The proposed measurement principle can be adapted to spatial optical systems as well as to spatial and fiber optical systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fiber-optic remote multi-stage Maitreya matrix measurement system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of (a) a rotatable wound-ring fiber wave plate and (b) a squeeze-type fiber wave plate.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the polarization parameter measurement system of the remote multi-stage optical fiber system includes a laser (1), a polarization generator (2), a remote guiding optical fiber (3), a rotatable optical fiber wave plate N (4), a measured optical fiber device N (5), a lower stage rotatable optical fiber wave plate N-1(6), a measured optical fiber device N-1(7), …, a last stage rotatable optical fiber wave plate 0(8), an output end guiding optical fiber (9), a polarization analyzer (10), a computer (11), and a polarization generator control system (12). The working principle is as follows: the output light of the laser (1) generates N > -4 linearly independent polarization states through a polarization generator (2), reaches a rotatable optical fiber wave plate N (4) through a remote guide optical fiber (3), enters a first tested optical fiber device (5), and then enters a second tested optical fiber device through a second rotatable optical fiber wave plate N (6); by parity of reasoning, the measured optical fiber units are combined with the N rotatable optical fiber wave plates and then pass through the last stage of rotatable optical fiber wave plate (8), the output end of the last stage of rotatable optical fiber wave plate guides the optical fiber (9) to output to the polarization analyzer (10), and the computer (11) is connected with the polarization analyzer (10) to complete the measurement of the Miller matrix of each stage of measured optical fiber units.
Example two:
the experimental example is basically the same as the experimental example I, and is characterized in that: the system for measuring the Maitreya polarization parameter of the remote multistage optical fiber system is characterized in that: each measured optical fiber device has 16 Maitreya polarization parameters to be measured, a step-by-step measurement mode is adopted, firstly, the output polarization state of the polarization state generated by each polarization state generator is measured on different rotation positions of the optical fiber wave plate by adjusting the last stage of optical fiber wave plate, so that an equation set containing the 16 Maitreya parameters of the output guide optical fiber is established, and then, a Maitreya matrix of the optical fiber to be measured is calculated by utilizing a system estimation algorithm. By analogy with the same method, the system equation based on the Maitreya polarization parameters of the optical fiber device to be tested is established by adjusting the rotatable optical fiber wave plates step by step and measuring the corresponding output light polarization state, and the Maitreya polarization matrix parameters of all the optical fiber units to be tested can be obtained step by utilizing the least square system estimation algorithm. The system can measure the Maitreya polarization parameter of the optical fiber system or the device at any position in the optical fiber system. The adjustable optical fiber wave plate is realized by introducing linear birefringence by using an optical fiber of the system through optical fiber winding or extrusion. The birefringence retardation of the optical fiber wave plate can be self-consistent calibrated and measured by a measuring system, and when the birefringence retardation of the optical fiber wave plate is close to 2 pi/3, the measurement error of the system is minimum. The optical fiber wave plate realizes polarization state adjustment through rotation. The minimum polarization state adjusting states are three, and the more the rotation angle of the wave plate is, the smaller the system measurement error is.
Example three:
the measurement of the mueller polarization parameters of the remote single-stage fiber device, i.e., the measurement of the mueller matrix of the final output end guide fiber, is shown in fig. 1. Generating a set of linearly independent polarization state sequences by a polarization generator (2)
The polarization state sequence matrix is 4 xn, where n>After the light passes through the combination of the N optical fiber wave plates and the measured optical fiber device, the light reaches the adjustable optical fiber wave plate WP0And guiding the optical fiber to a polarization analyzer through an output end, and measuring the polarization state of the output end of the optical fiber.
The Mueller matrix parameter M of the final stage of the guide optical fiber end0The measurement of (2). M0For outputting the Mueller matrix of the guiding fibers, the fiber-wave plates WP are rotated separately0And measuring the polarization state of the output end of the optical fiber by using the angles theta 1 and theta 2, and establishing a measurement equation:
M0Mwp00Sin,0＝S10
M0Mwp01Sin,0＝S11(1)
M0Mwp02Sin,0＝S12
wherein M iswp00,Mwp01And Mwp02Is the miller matrix for WP0 at the initial position and at rotations θ 1 and θ 12. Sin,0Set of polarization state vectors S generated for a polarization generatorinThe set of polarization state vectors before transmission to WP 0. Assuming that the birefringence retardation of the fiber optic waveplate is δ, there are:
if the fiber device under test is linear and reciprocal,
then from (1) can be obtained:
wherein A is1,2＝S11,2S10 T(S11,2S10 T)-1As a result of the calculation of the measured polarization state at different rotation angles,
when the optical fiber device to be measured is a reciprocal device, M0Satisfy the Lorentz relationship
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the following can be obtained:
substituting equations (4, 5, 6) into equation (3) yields a system of equations
Wherein
And solving the equation (7) by adopting a least square algorithm to obtain 16 Maitreya matrix parameters to be solved.
Example four:
when the multi-stage optical fiber device is remotely measured, the single-stage method can be adopted to gradually complete the measurement of the parameters of the Mueller matrix of the multi-stage optical fiber device by rotating the rotatable optical fiber wave plate in front of the optical fiber device to be measured. First, rotate WP0Measuring M0(ii) a Determining M0Thereafter, rotating WP1Measuring M1And so on until the last level MN. The final stage of guiding fiber M0The system measurement equation of (1) is:
maitreya matrix M of first-stage optical fiber device to be tested1The system measurement equation of (1) is:
by analogy, the Mueller matrix M of the Nth-level optical fiber device to be testedNThe system measurement equation of (1) is:
wherein
Rotating wave plate parameters for i-th order fiber under test and correspondingAnd measuring parameters of the polarization state. And solving the measurement equation step by step to obtain the parameters of the Mueller matrix of each stage of the optical fiber device to be measured.
Example five:
in the measuring system, the rotatable optical fiber wave plate can be made into a winding ring type optical fiber wave plate by winding a section of optical fiber on a rotatable disc (see fig. 2(a)), or made into a squeezing type optical fiber wave plate by applying external stress on a rotatable squeezing clamp (see fig. 2 (b)). The rotation angle of the wave plate is readable. Since the birefringence retardation of the fiber optic waveplate varies with environmental factors such as wavelength of the temperature light, it needs to be accurately determined before measurement. The measurement system of the invention has self-calibration measurement capability on the birefringence retardation of the optical fiber wave plate. From equation (3), matrix A1And B1Matrix A2And B2Are similar matrices, so the matrices are of equal rank, trace (A)1,2)＝trace(B1,2). Substituting equation (4) can result in:
4cos4θ+2sin22θcosδ+4sin4θcos2δ＝trace(A) (12)
the birefringence retardation of the fiber plate to be calibrated can be determined as follows:
wherein + -corresponds to the case that delta is larger than or equal to pi/2 and delta is smaller than pi/2 respectively. Therefore, the optical fiber wave plate can be calibrated in real time by rotating the optical fiber wave plate to be calibrated and measuring the polarization state of output light at a corresponding angle. All rotatable waveplates may be calibrated by the method described above prior to system testing.
Claims (6)
1. The polarization parameter measurement system of the remote multistage optical fiber system comprises a laser (1), a polarization generator (2), a remote guide optical fiber (3), a rotatable optical fiber wave plate N (4), a measured optical fiber device N (5), a lower rotatable optical fiber wave plate N-1(6), a measured optical fiber device N-1(7) …, a last rotatable optical fiber wave plate 0(8), an output end guide optical fiber (9), a polarization analyzer (10), a computer (11) and a polarization generator control system (12), and is characterized in that: the laser device is connected with a polarization analyzer through a polarization generator, a remote guide optical fiber, a rotatable optical fiber wave plate N, a measured optical fiber device N, a lower rotatable optical fiber wave plate N-1, a measured optical fiber N-1 …, a last optical fiber wave plate 0 and an output end guide light in sequence, a control system of the polarization generator is connected with the polarization generator and a computer, the polarization analyzer is connected with the computer, and the working principle is as follows: the output light of the laser (1) passes through a polarization generator (2) to generate N > =4 linearly independent polarization states, reaches a rotatable optical fiber wave plate N (4) through a remote guide optical fiber (3), enters a first tested optical fiber device (5), and then enters a second tested optical fiber device through a second rotatable optical fiber wave plate N (6); by parity of reasoning, the measured optical fiber units are combined with the N rotatable optical fiber wave plates and then pass through the last stage of rotatable optical fiber wave plate (8), the output end of the last stage of rotatable optical fiber wave plate guides the optical fiber (9) to output to the polarization analyzer (10), and the computer (11) is connected with the polarization analyzer (10) to complete the measurement of the Miller matrix of each stage of measured optical fiber units.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: each measured optical fiber device has 16 Maitreya polarization parameters to be measured, a step-by-step measurement mode is adopted, an equation set containing the 16 Maitreya parameters of the output guide optical fiber is established by adjusting the last stage of optical fiber wave plate and measuring the output polarization state of the polarization state generated by each polarization state generator on different rotation positions of the optical fiber wave plate, then the Maitreya matrix of the optical fiber to be measured is calculated by using a system estimation algorithm, the same method is adopted for analogy in sequence, the system equation based on the Maitreya polarization parameters of the optical fiber device to be measured is established by adjusting the rotatable optical fiber wave plate step by step and measuring the corresponding output polarization state, and the Maitreya polarization matrix parameters of all optical fiber units to be measured can be obtained step by using a least square system estimation algorithm.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises: the system can measure the Maitreya polarization parameter of the optical fiber system or the device at any position in the optical fiber system.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the adjustable fiber wave plate is implemented by introducing linear birefringence through fiber looping or extrusion by using a system-owned fiber.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the birefringence retardation of the fiber plate is measured by the measurement system in a self-consistent manner, and the measurement error is minimized when the birefringence retardation of the fiber plate is close to 2 pi/3.
6. The system for measuring polarization parameters of a remote multistage optical fiber system according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber wave plate is rotated to realize polarization state adjustment, the minimum number of polarization state adjustment states is three, and the more the wave plate is rotated, the smaller the system measurement error is.
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Application publication date: 20200410 |