CN110972646B - Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method - Google Patents
Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972646B CN110972646B CN201911219173.1A CN201911219173A CN110972646B CN 110972646 B CN110972646 B CN 110972646B CN 201911219173 A CN201911219173 A CN 201911219173A CN 110972646 B CN110972646 B CN 110972646B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/006—Other parts or details or planting machines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine and a seedling throwing method suitable for a degradable seedling tray. The device comprises a seedling throwing machine chassis, a seedling box, a gearbox, a seedling conveying belt, a seedling taking part, a seedling dividing part, a fan, a distributor, a field planting seedling standing pipe, a seedling throwing machine power output shaft and a seedling throwing machine frame. The rice seedlings are accurately placed on a seedling box by a whole tray, are conveyed to a seedling taking part through a seedling conveying belt in a whole row, are separated into a plurality of individual seedlings by each row of seedlings after being taken by the seedling taking part in the whole row, are conveyed to a seedling separating part in the whole row, are accurately separated into a plurality of rows according to a preset row spacing under the action of the seedling separating part, then fall into a field planting seedling tube below each row, a plurality of spiral airflows are led to the field planting Miao Guanzhou, and the individual seedlings are orderly and fixedly planted in a paddy field under the action of gravity and the spiral airflows, so that the circulation is realized. The invention has simple mechanism, high operation efficiency, no need of seedling tray recovery, accurate seedling taking and no damage to seedlings, and can be suitable for pot seedling transplanting of degradable seedling tray seedling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of transplanting machinery, and particularly relates to a seedling throwing technology.
Background
Rice is one of the main crops in China. At present, paddy rice planting is divided into two modes of direct seeding and transplanting, wherein transplanting includes two modes of transplanting rice seedlings and throwing rice seedlings. The seedling throwing planting mode has the characteristics of light planting injury, quick turning green, early tillering and stable and high yield, so the seedling throwing planting method is popularized and applied. At present, the traditional seedling throwing mode mainly takes manpower as a main mode, has the defects of high labor intensity, low efficiency, incapability of ensuring row spacing among seedlings, poor overall regularity and unfavorable growth and later field management of the seedlings. The existing seedling throwing machine has the defects of complex structure, low efficiency, difficult seedling plate recovery and poor seedling standing property. The seedling taking mechanism is mainly of an ejection type and a pulling type, the ejection type seedling taking mechanism ejects seedlings through an ejector rod mechanism, then the seedlings enter the seedling conveying and throwing mechanism, and the seedling taking mechanism has the advantages of multiple seedling taking links, complicated mechanism, low reliability, high seedling raising requirement and easiness in damaging a seedling root system and a soil structure; the seedling is pulled out through the rotation mechanism to the seedling of getting pulled out, then carries out the seedling link of throwing of sending, and rotation mechanism complicacy, reliability are low, and easy damage seedling root stem portion is unfavorable for later stage live plant and turns green. The seedling separating link after seedling taking has complex structure, low efficiency, incapability of randomly adjusting row spacing, complex adjustment and poor reliability, high-speed accurate planting cannot be realized, and when seedlings are separated into single bodies for seedling throwing links, the seedling throwing mode falls into a field completely by self weight, and the seedling verticality is poor, so that the planting depth cannot be controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine and a seedling throwing method suitable for a degradable seedling tray, which are used for realizing the pneumatic ordered seedling throwing with simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high reliability, high seedling taking efficiency, no damage to pot seedlings, accurate row spacing control and good field planting seedling standing effect, and solving the technical problems of complex seedling taking mechanism, low accuracy, easy seedling damage, insufficient seedling dividing stability, difficult accurate row spacing control, poor seedling standing effect and unstable seedling planting depth of the existing seedling throwing machine.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme.
A pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling tray, characterized by comprising: the seedling throwing machine comprises a seedling throwing machine chassis (1), a gearbox (3), a seedling taking component (5), a seedling dividing component (6), a fan (2), a distributor (4), a field planting seedling standing pipe (7), a seedling throwing machine power output shaft (101) and a seedling throwing machine frame (102);
the seedling taking part (5) comprises: the seedling taking device comprises a seedling taking part rack (501), a gearbox (3), a seedling taking part driving belt pulley (502), a seedling taking part driven belt pulley (503), a seedling conveying belt (504), a driving gear (505), a seedling box (506), a seedling disc limiting plate (507), a seedling taking cutter disc combination (508), a seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), a seat bearing (509) and a seat bearing mounting plate (525);
the seedling taking part rack (501) is arranged on the seedling throwing machine rack (102); the gearbox (3), the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502), the seedling taking cutter head combination (508), the driving gear (505), the seedling taking part driven belt wheel (503) and the seedling box (506) are sequentially arranged on the seedling taking part rack (501);
the power input end of the seedling taking component (5) is connected with a power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine through a gearbox (3);
a seedling tray limiting plate (507) is fixedly connected to the seedling box (506); the seedling tray is arranged above the seedling tray limiting plate (507), and the seedling tray limiting plate (507) is positioned in a gap below the seedling tray bowl body so as to prevent the seedling tray from moving left and right in the transferring process; the seedling box (506) is positioned on a seedling conveying belt (504), and the seedling conveying belt (504) is connected with a seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502) and a seedling taking part driven belt wheel (503); the number of the seedling conveying belts (504) is equal to the number of the operation lines, and the seedling conveying belts (504) are independent and parallel to each other;
the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502) is fixedly connected to the bearing with the seat (509), the bearing with the seat (509) is connected with the bearing mounting plate (525) with the seat and is fixed above the seedling taking part rack (501), and a first gear (510) and a second sprocket (511) are fixedly connected to one end, close to the gearbox, of the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502); the second chain wheel (511) is a double-row chain wheel, and is connected with the first chain wheel (513) through a first chain (512) to rotate at a uniform speed along the clockwise direction; the first chain wheel (513) is fixed on a first output shaft (301) of the gearbox and is connected with a power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine through the gearbox (3);
the first gear (510) is meshed with the second gear (514), and the first gear (510) rotates at a uniform speed along with the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502) in the clockwise direction; the second gear (514) is fixedly connected to the right side of the seedling taking cutter head combination (508);
the seedling taking cutter head combination (508) comprises: a seedling taking cutter head combination driving shaft (515), a seedling taking cutter head combination limit nut (516), a cutting blade (517) and a blade limit spacer (518); n cutting blades (517) are equidistantly fixed on a seedling taking cutter head combination driving shaft (515) through a blade limiting spacer (518) and a seedling taking cutter head combination limiting nut (516); the distance is equal to the distance between two adjacent holes in the transverse direction of the seedling tray; the number of seedling trays is M, and the number N=M-1 of cutting blades (517);
a left guide grid (523) and a right guide grid (524) are arranged below the seedling taking cutter head combination (508); the edge of the cutting blade (517) exceeds the top of the seedling tray, and a cutting blade (517) is uniformly distributed between every two adjacent seedling conveying belts (504);
the left guide grating (523) and the right guide grating (524) are both fixed on the seedling separating component (6);
the seedling separating component (6) comprises: the seedling separating device comprises a gearbox (3), a gearbox first output shaft (301), a gearbox second output shaft (302), a left seedling separating component I (601), a left seedling separating component II (602), a right seedling separating component II (603) and a right seedling separating component I (604); the left seedling separating component I (601) and the left seedling separating component II (602) are connected through a left movable pin shaft (605) and a left fixed pin shaft (606), and the left seedling separating component I (601) can be folded upwards by rotating around the left fixed pin shaft (606); the right seedling dividing component I (604) and the right seedling dividing component II (603) are connected by a right movable pin shaft (607) and a right fixed pin shaft (608), and the right seedling dividing component I (604) can be folded upwards by rotating around the right fixed pin shaft (608);
the left seedling separating component I (601) comprises: seedling separating part left mounting rack I (609) and 2M 1 Bearing with seat (509), 2M 1 Bearing mounting plate (525) with seat, M 1 Seedling separating belt (612), M 1 -a driven pulley (613); the left seedling separating part II (602) comprises a seedling separating part left mounting rack II (614), a left fixing pin shaft (606) and 2M 2 Bearing with seat (509), 2M 2 Bearing mounting plate (525) with seat, M 2 Seedling separating belt (612), left driving belt wheel (615), M 2 -a driven pulley (613); the right seedling dividing component I (604) and the right seedling dividing component II (603) have the same structures as the left seedling dividing component I (601) and the left seedling dividing component II (602) respectively; m is M 1+ M 2＝ M/2; each seedling dividing belt (612) is independent;
the left seedling separating component II (602) is arranged on the seedling throwing machine frame (102) through a seedling separating component left mounting rack II (614), and the upper part is connected with the seedling taking component (5);
two ends of the left driving belt wheel (615) are respectively fixed on a left mounting frame II (614) of the seedling dividing part through bearing with a seat (509); the driven belt wheel (613) is connected with the left driving belt wheel (615) through a seedling separating belt (612); two ends of the driven belt pulley (613) are respectively connected with a belt seat bearing (509) and fixed on a belt seat bearing mounting plate (525); the bearing mounting plates (525) with seats are equidistantly arranged on the left mounting frame II (614) of the seedling dividing component;
the right seedling separating component II (603) has the same structure as the left seedling separating component II (602), and is arranged on the seedling thrower frame (102) through a seedling separating mechanism component right mounting frame II (616); the right seedling dividing component II (603) is positioned obliquely above the left seedling dividing component II (602) in a staggered manner so as to ensure that the longitudinal (the advancing direction of the seedling throwing machine) distance between all adjacent seedling dividing belts (612) is equal to the transverse adjacent bowl spacing of the seedling tray, and simultaneously ensure that the transverse spacing between adjacent projections is equal to the required seedling row spacing L when all driven pulleys (613) are orthographically projected;
the left driving pulley (615) and the right driving pulley (617) are respectively connected with a first output shaft (301) of the gearbox and a second output shaft (302) of the gearbox through a coupler;
the left seedling dividing guide grating I (618) is fixed on a seedling dividing part left mounting frame I (609), the left seedling dividing guide grating II (619) is fixed on a seedling dividing part left mounting frame II (614), the right seedling dividing guide grating I (620) is fixed on a seedling dividing mechanism right mounting frame I (622), and the right seedling dividing guide grating II (621) is fixed on a seedling dividing part left mounting frame II (614); each seedling dividing guide grating is respectively positioned right above the corresponding seedling dividing belt (612);
a planting seedling tube (7) is correspondingly fixed below the driven belt wheel (613);
each field planting seedling tube (7) comprises B convex air inlet tubes (703), a seedling inlet (701) positioned at the top end of the field planting seedling tube (7) and a seedling outlet (702) positioned at the bottom end of the field planting seedling tube (7); the field planting seedling tube (7) is a cylindrical whole body which is penetrated up and down, and the upper and lower positions of the seedling inlet (701) and the seedling outlet (702) are corresponding; the seedling inlet (701) is in a horn mouth shape with a big upper part and a small lower part; the inner diameter of the seedling outlet (702) is 10-20mm larger than the outer diameter of the seedling bowl body; the included angle between the air inlet pipe (703) and the axis of the planting seedling tube (7) is 40-45 degrees; the air inlet pipe (703) is communicated with the field planting seedling tube (7), and the distance between the communicated joint and the inlet of the field planting seedling tube (7) is 1/3 of the height of the field planting seedling tube (7); b is more than or equal to 2;
an air inlet pipe (703) of the field planting seedling tube (7) is connected with a distributor outlet (402) of the distributor (4) in a sealing way through a hose;
the distributor (4) comprises a distributor inlet (401) and K distributor outlets (402), and the distributor inlet (401) is hermetically connected with the air outlet of the fan (2); k=m×b.
The seedling tray is prepared from degradable materials; the joint of the upper surfaces of the longitudinally adjacent pot bodies of the seedling tray is provided with a special transverse cutting seam.
The gearbox (3) comprises a pair of bevel gears and a pair of same spur gears meshed with each other, wherein the pair of bevel gears are used for turning the original output of the seedling throwing machine so as to meet the position requirement of power transmission of the seedling taking part; the gearbox is internally provided with a pair of same spur gears meshed with each other, so that a first gearbox output shaft (301) and a second gearbox output shaft (302) rotate at equal speed in opposite directions, and two sides of seedling separating belts (612) run in transverse opposite directions.
The double sides of the cutting blade (517) are sharpened, the length of the cutting edge is 10-20mm, and the edge of the cutting blade (517) exceeds the top of the seedling tray by 5-10mm, so that the seedling tray which is conveyed longitudinally is cut conveniently.
A left seedling dividing guide grid I (618) is fixed on the seedling dividing component left mounting frame I (609), a left seedling dividing guide grid II (619) is fixed on the seedling dividing component left mounting frame II (614), a right seedling dividing guide grid I (620) is fixed on the seedling dividing mechanism right mounting frame I (622), and a right seedling dividing guide grid II (621) is fixed on the seedling dividing mechanism right mounting frame II (616);
the left seedling dividing guide grating I (618), the left seedling dividing guide grating II (619), the right seedling dividing guide grating I (620) and the right seedling dividing guide grating II (621) are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the seedling dividing belts (612) right below, so that seedlings are prevented from shifting to adjacent seedling dividing belts (612) in the seedling dividing process.
The B convex air inlet pipes (703) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the field planting seedling raising pipe (7): the axes of the B convex air inlet pipes (703) are eccentrically arranged relative to the axis of the field planting seedling pipe (7) so as to form spiral air flow and accelerate the field planting seedling downwards.
A pneumatic ordered seedling throwing method suitable for a degradable seedling tray is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, accurately feeding seedlings by a whole tray: the seedling trays with the plug seedlings to be taken are arranged on seedling tray limiting plates (507) on seedling boxes (506), the seedling trays are accurately conveyed to the working positions of seedling cutter head combination (508) under the drive of a plurality of groups of seedling conveying belts (504), and the positions of each row of pot bodies are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the seedling conveying belts (504) below;
step two, whole row of intact seedling taking: the N cutting blades (517) are used for precisely cutting at the same time, the whole row of seedlings is taken out at a high speed without damage, and the taken out whole row of seedlings are formed into a single body; the number N=M-1 of the cutting blades (517), M is the number of seedling trays and transverse seedling bowls;
step three, complete row of accurate seedling feeding: the single body is accurately conveyed to a seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522) through a seedling conveying belt (504), and the single body ensures that seedlings enter the seedling separating component (6) in correct postures through limiting and posture adjustment of the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522);
step four, precise introduction of the whole row: after limiting and adjusting the postures of seedlings by the seedling limiting and adjusting plates (522), the seedlings in the whole row of holes are respectively placed in the left guide grid (523) and the right guide grid (524) at the same time, and after the guiding action, the seedlings in the whole row of scattered seedling monomers respectively fall onto the seedling dividing belts (612) corresponding to the seedlings below;
step five, high-efficiency equidistant line division: the gearbox (3) drives all seedling dividing belts (612) to drive in the transverse direction, so that seedlings on the seedling dividing belts (612) are driven to realize equidistant whole row transverse seedling dividing, and each seedling falls into the field planting seedling tube (7) according to a specified interval so as to prepare field planting seedlings;
step six, pneumatic field planting seedling: after the seedlings fall into the field planting seedling tube (7), the seedlings vertically fall down along the positive direction of the field planting seedling tube (7) under the dual actions of gravity and spiral air force, and are accurately planted in the paddy field;
each step is a continuous cyclic operation.
The working process of the invention is as follows: starting a seedling throwing machine, starting a fan (2) to feed a whole seedling belt degradable seedling plate onto a seedling box (506), accurately conveying the seedling plate to a seedling taking component (5) under the double functions of gravity and a seedling conveying belt (504), accurately cutting the seedling plate into whole row of pot seedling monomers in a seedling taking component (5) in a row by a seedling taking cutter disc combination (508), conveying the seedling plate to a seedling separating component (6) below after limiting and adjusting the pose of a seedling limiting and adjusting plate (522), distributing the whole row of cut pot seedling monomers to each row at a high speed by a plurality of seedling separating belts (612), and in constant speed transmission of the seedling separating belts (612), falling into a fixed planting seedling tube (7) below, accelerating by spiral force of the fixed planting seedling tube (7), and fixing the seedling Yu Shuitian.
The invention has the beneficial effects. The seedling throwing machine is based on the seedling tray made of degradable materials, mud is fed into the seedling tray during transplanting, and the seedling tray recovery device is omitted, so that the operation efficiency is effectively improved. The seedling taking parts are combined through the seedling taking cutter disc during transplanting, the seedling taking discs are not required to be horizontally transferred, the complexity of the seedling taking parts is reduced, the accuracy of seedling taking is improved, and meanwhile, the seedling taking parts act on the seedling discs and are not contacted with seedlings, so that the seedling taking problem is fundamentally solved; the seedling separating component can be suitable for accurate high-speed row separation of all whole row seedling taking modes, and the row spacing can be adjusted according to different planting agronomic requirements, so that the disorder of the existing seedling throwing technology is solved; the field planting seedling erecting pipe adopts spiral pneumatic to accelerate field planting seedling erecting, and solves the problem that the existing machine is easy to fall into the field by the self weight of the seedling and float the seedling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an upper layer degradable disk model according to the invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a template of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a two-tray lamination model according to the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a cut tray unit according to the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a single seedling according to the invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a seedling thrower according to the present invention
FIG. 7 is a front view showing the structure of the seedling thrower of the present invention
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a seedling picking member according to the present invention
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the combined structure of the seedling picking cutter head of the present invention
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the positions of the seedling separating parts according to the present invention
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the seedling separating member structure of the present invention
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the positions of the seedling separating belts according to the present invention
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a field planting seedling tube according to the present invention
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a dispenser according to the invention
In the figure: a1 seedling throwing machine chassis 2 fan 3 gearbox 4 distributor 5 seedling taking part 6 seedling dividing part 7 field planting Miao Guan seedling throwing machine power output shaft 102 seedling throwing machine frame 301 gearbox first output shaft 302 gearbox second output shaft 401 distributor inlet 402 distributor outlet 501 seedling taking part frame 502 seedling taking part driving pulley 503 seedling taking part driven pulley 504 seedling feeding belt 505 driving gear 506 seedling box 507 seedling tray limiting plate 508 seedling taking part 509 bearing 509 first gear 511 second sprocket 512 first sprocket 514 second gear 515 seedling taking part driving shaft 516 seedling dividing part connecting part limiting nut 517 cutting blade 518 blade limiting spacer 519 second sprocket 521 driving gear wheel 521 seedling limiting adjusting plate 523 left guide grid 524 right guide grid 525 belt seat bearing mounting plate 601 left and right seedling dividing part II603 seedling dividing part II 604 right dividing part 605 movable pin 606 left movable pin 608 movable pin shaft 608 left and right movable I dividing part bracket 509 belt seat bearing 613 belt 613 driving pulley mechanism guide window opening 617 and power II guide pin 619I guide pin 619 right guide frame 619.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The degradable seedling tray suitable for the seedling throwing machine is shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, wherein: fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an upper layer degradation tray, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lining tray, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of two trays used in superposition, two trays are used in superposition during seedling raising, during transplanting, a lower layer lining tray is removed, the upper layer degradation tray is placed on a seedling box of a seedling throwing machine, seedlings are taken out through whole row cutting, the structure of a plug tray monomer is shown in fig. 4, and the structure of a single seedling is shown in fig. 5.
The seedling throwing machine of the invention has the structure shown in fig. 6, and comprises: the seedling throwing machine comprises a seedling throwing machine chassis 1, a fan 2, a gearbox 3, a distributor 4, a seedling taking part 5, a seedling dividing part 6 and a field planting standing seedling pipe 7. As shown in fig. 7, the seedling separating component 6 is fixedly connected to the seedling thrower frame 102, and power is transmitted from the seedling thrower power output shaft 101 through the gearbox 3; the seedling taking part 5 is connected with the seedling dividing part 6 and the seedling thrower frame 102 through the seedling taking part frame 501. The seedling taking part structure is shown in fig. 8, and comprises a seedling taking part driving belt pulley 502, a seedling taking part driven belt pulley 503, a seedling conveying belt 504, a seedling box 506, a seedling tray limiting plate 507, a seedling taking cutter head combination 508 and the like, wherein: the seedling taking cutter head combination 508 is shown in fig. 9, and comprises: a seedling taking cutter head combination driving shaft 515, a seedling taking cutter head combination limit nut 516, a cutting blade 517 and a blade limit spacer 518; the plurality of cutting blades 517 are equidistantly fixed on a seedling taking cutter head combination driving shaft 515 through a blade limiting spacer 518, one section of the seedling taking cutter head combination driving shaft is limited by a step, and the other end of the seedling taking cutter head combination driving shaft is locked and limited by a seedling taking cutter head combination limiting nut 516.
As shown in fig. 10, when transplanting, the seedling tray is accurately conveyed to the seedling taking cutter head combination 508 through the seedling tray limiting plate 507 by the seedling tray conveying belt 504, after the whole row of seedlings are taken, the seedlings are adjusted in posture through the seedling limiting posture adjusting plate 522, and the pot seedlings which are divided into single bodies are guided and conveyed to the seedling dividing component 6 through the left guide grid 523 and the right guide grid 524.
The seedling separating member 6 has a structure as shown in fig. 11, and comprises: left seedling part I601, left seedling part II602, right seedling part II603 and right seedling part I604, tape seat bearing 509, seedling belt 612, driven pulley 613 and right driving pulley 617, etc., wherein: the left seedling dividing part I601 and the right seedling dividing part I604 can be folded upwards; the left driving pulley 615 and the right driving pulley 617 are respectively connected with the first output shaft 301 of the gearbox and the second output shaft 302 of the gearbox through couplings, and drive the seedling separating belt 612 to rotate in the same speed and in the opposite direction.
The positions of the seedling separating belts 612 are shown in fig. 12, the longitudinal positions of the seedling separating belts 12 correspond to the positions of the transverse pot bodies of the seedling trays one by one, so that the pot body seedlings which are cut in whole rows and taken out of the seedlings can fall onto the seedling separating belts 612 accurately, and the transverse distance between the seedling separating belts 612 is equal to the seedling planting row spacing. The whole row of cut seedlings is orderly branched at high speed by a seedling separating belt 612, and the single seedlings are sent to a planting seedling standing pipe 7 below.
The structure of the field planting seedling tube 7 is shown in fig. 13, and comprises a seedling inlet 701 at the top end, a seedling outlet 702 at the bottom end and a plurality of circumferentially and uniformly distributed air inlet pipes 703, wherein the axis of each air inlet pipe 703 and the axis of the field planting seedling tube 7 are not on the same plane so as to form spiral air flow, and the air inlet pipes 703 are connected with the distributor 4 through hoses.
The distributor structure is shown in fig. 14, and comprises a distributor inlet 401 and a plurality of distributor outlets 402, wherein the distributor inlet 401 is hermetically connected with the air outlet of the fan 2, and when the fan 2 is started, single pot seedlings are orderly planted in the vertical seedlings Yu Shuitian through acceleration of spiral pneumatic force.
Seedling throwing process
Step one, accurately feeding seedlings by a whole tray: the seedling trays with the plug seedlings to be taken are placed on seedling tray limiting plates 507 on a seedling box 506, the seedling trays are accurately conveyed to the working positions of seedling taking cutter disc combinations 508 under the drive of a plurality of groups of seedling conveying belts 504, and the positions of each row of pot bodies are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the seedling conveying belts 504 below;
step two, whole row of intact seedling taking: the 13 cutting blades 517 simultaneously and accurately cut, the whole row of seedlings is taken out at a high speed without damage, and the taken out whole row of seedlings are formed into a single body; wherein the number of the seedling trays is 14;
step three, complete row of accurate seedling feeding: the single body is accurately conveyed to the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate 522 through the seedling conveying belt 504, and the single body ensures that the seedlings enter the seedling separating component 6 in the correct posture through the limiting and posture adjusting of the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate 522;
step four, precise introduction of the whole row: after the seedlings are subjected to limiting and posture adjustment through the seedling limiting and posture adjustment plate 522, the seedlings in the whole row of holes are simultaneously placed in the left guide grid 523 and the right guide grid 524 respectively, and after the guiding action, the seedlings in the whole row of scattered seedling monomers fall onto the seedling separating belts 612 corresponding to the seedlings below;
step five, high-efficiency equidistant line division: the gearbox 3 drives all seedling dividing belts 612 to drive in the transverse direction at the same time, so that seedlings on the seedling dividing belts 612 are driven to realize equidistant whole row transverse seedling dividing, and each seedling falls into the field planting seedling tube 7 according to a specified interval so as to prepare field planting seedlings;
step six, pneumatic field planting seedling: after the seedlings fall into the field planting seedling standing pipe 7, the seedlings vertically fall down along the field planting seedling standing pipe 7 under the dual actions of gravity and spiral air force, and are accurately planted in the paddy field; and so on.
Field test
The seedling thrower of the invention is manufactured and processed in 2019 by remote sowing mechanical limited company in Changzhou, jiangsu province, the number of rows of the seedling thrower is 14, the row spacing is 25cm, and the operation width is 3.5m. The seedling throwing machine chassis is a ocean horse riding type seedling transplanting machine chassis, the distributor comprises 1 inlet and 28 outlets, and the field planting seedling tube comprises 1 seedling inlet, 1 seedling outlet and 2 air inlet tubes. And the seedling throwing machine is used for field test in Liyang city for 18 days in 6 months, the test seedlings are rice pot seedlings with seedling age of 18 days, the seedling raising tray is a double-layer degradable seedling tray, wherein a cutting groove is reserved in the upper tray, and the specification of the seedling tray is 14 holes in the transverse direction and 28 holes in the longitudinal direction. When throwing seedling, 1 seedling throwing machine hand and 2 seedling loading hands are equipped, the machine tool is put down into the field, the machine tool is opened to a designated position, a fan is started, the seedling loading hand tears off a seedling tray lining plate, the upper layer degradable tray is placed on a seedling box, the machine tool is advanced and is blocked to a seedling transplanting position, a power output shaft of the seedling transplanting machine drives a seedling separating part and a seedling taking part to operate, the whole tray seedlings are conveyed to a seedling taking cutter head combination position to be cut in a whole row under the conveying of a seedling conveying belt, the seedling taking cutter head combination is used for cutting the seedling tray longitudinally reserved with a cutting groove into monomers row by row, the single tray seedlings are conveyed to the seedling separating part through a left guide grid and a right guide grid, the seedling separating belt is used for separating the seedlings to two sides simultaneously, and the single tray seedlings fall into a fixed planting seedling standing pipe below under the driving of the seedling separating belt, and the fixed planting seedling standing Yu Shuitian by spiral strength. Through experiments, seedlings are thrown into fields, the phenomenon of seedling pouring and seedling floating is avoided, and the seedling throwing efficiency reaches 10 mu/hour.
Claims (5)
1. A pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling tray, characterized by comprising: the seedling throwing machine comprises a seedling throwing machine chassis (1), a gearbox (3), a seedling taking component (5), a seedling dividing component (6), a fan (2), a distributor (4), a field planting seedling standing pipe (7), a seedling throwing machine power output shaft (101) and a seedling throwing machine frame (102);
the seedling taking part (5) comprises: the seedling taking device comprises a seedling taking part rack (501), a gearbox (3), a seedling taking part driving belt pulley (502), a seedling taking part driven belt pulley (503), a seedling conveying belt (504), a driving gear (505), a seedling box (506), a seedling disc limiting plate (507), a seedling taking cutter disc combination (508), a seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), a seat bearing (509) and a seat bearing mounting plate (525);
the seedling taking part rack (501) is arranged on the seedling throwing machine rack (102); the gearbox (3), the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522), the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502), the seedling taking cutter head combination (508), the driving gear (505), the seedling taking part driven belt wheel (503) and the seedling box (506) are sequentially arranged on the seedling taking part rack (501);
the power input end of the seedling taking component (5) is connected with a power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine through a gearbox (3);
a seedling tray limiting plate (507) is fixedly connected to the seedling box (506); the seedling tray is arranged above the seedling tray limiting plate (507), and the seedling tray limiting plate (507) is positioned in a gap below the seedling tray bowl body so as to prevent the seedling tray from moving left and right in the transferring process; the seedling box (506) is positioned on a seedling conveying belt (504), and the seedling conveying belt (504) is connected with a seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502) and a seedling taking part driven belt wheel (503); the number of the seedling conveying belts (504) is equal to the number of the operation lines, and the seedling conveying belts (504) are independent and parallel to each other;
the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502) is fixedly connected to the bearing with the seat (509), the bearing with the seat (509) is connected with the bearing mounting plate (525) with the seat and is fixed above the seedling taking part rack (501), and a first gear (510) and a second sprocket (511) are fixedly connected to one end, close to the gearbox, of the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502); the second chain wheel (511) is a double-row chain wheel, and is connected with the first chain wheel (513) through a first chain (512) to rotate at a uniform speed along the clockwise direction; the first chain wheel (513) is fixed on a first output shaft (301) of the gearbox and is connected with a power output shaft (101) of the seedling throwing machine through the gearbox (3);
the first gear (510) is meshed with the second gear (514), and the first gear (510) rotates at a uniform speed along with the seedling taking part driving belt wheel (502) in the clockwise direction; the second gear (514) is fixedly connected to the right side of the seedling taking cutter head combination (508);
the seedling taking cutter head combination (508) comprises: a seedling taking cutter head combination driving shaft (515), a seedling taking cutter head combination limit nut (516), a cutting blade (517) and a blade limit spacer (518); n cutting blades (517) are equidistantly fixed on a seedling taking cutter head combination driving shaft (515) through a blade limiting spacer (518) and a seedling taking cutter head combination limiting nut (516); the distance is equal to the distance between two adjacent holes in the transverse direction of the seedling tray; the number of seedling trays is M, and the number N=M-1 of cutting blades (517);
a left guide grid (523) and a right guide grid (524) are arranged below the seedling taking cutter head combination (508); the edge of the cutting blade (517) exceeds the top of the seedling tray, and a cutting blade (517) is uniformly distributed between every two adjacent seedling conveying belts (504);
the left guide grating (523) and the right guide grating (524) are both fixed on the seedling separating component (6);
the seedling separating component (6) comprises: the seedling separating device comprises a gearbox (3), a gearbox first output shaft (301), a gearbox second output shaft (302), a left seedling separating component I (601), a left seedling separating component II (602), a right seedling separating component II (603) and a right seedling separating component I (604); the left seedling separating component I (601) and the left seedling separating component II (602) are connected through a left movable pin shaft (605) and a left fixed pin shaft (606), and the left seedling separating component I (601) can be folded upwards by rotating around the left fixed pin shaft (606); the right seedling dividing component I (604) and the right seedling dividing component II (603) are connected by a right movable pin shaft (607) and a right fixed pin shaft (608), and the right seedling dividing component I (604) can be folded upwards by rotating around the right fixed pin shaft (608);
the left seedling separating component I (601) comprises: the seedling dividing component comprises a seedling dividing component left mounting frame I (609), 2M1 bearing with seats (509), 2M1 bearing mounting plates with seats (525), M1 seedling dividing belts (612) and M1 driven pulleys (613); the left seedling separating component II (602) comprises a seedling separating component left mounting frame II (614), a left fixed pin shaft (606), 2M2 belt seat bearings (509), 2M2 belt seat bearing mounting plates (525), M2 seedling separating belts (612), a left driving belt wheel (615) and M2 driven belt wheels (613); the right seedling dividing component I (604) and the right seedling dividing component II (603) have the same structures as the left seedling dividing component I (601) and the left seedling dividing component II (602) respectively; m1+m2=m/2; each seedling dividing belt (612) is independent;
the left seedling separating component II (602) is arranged on the seedling throwing machine frame (102) through a seedling separating component left mounting rack II (614), and the upper part is connected with the seedling taking component (5);
two ends of the left driving belt wheel (615) are respectively fixed on a left mounting frame II (614) of the seedling dividing part through bearing with a seat (509); the driven belt wheel (613) is connected with the left driving belt wheel (615) through a seedling separating belt (612); two ends of the driven belt pulley (613) are respectively connected with a belt seat bearing (509) and fixed on a belt seat bearing mounting plate (525); the bearing mounting plates (525) with seats are equidistantly arranged on the left mounting frame II (614) of the seedling dividing component;
the right seedling separating component II (603) has the same structure as the left seedling separating component II (602), and is arranged on the seedling thrower frame (102) through a seedling separating mechanism component right mounting frame II (616); the right seedling dividing component II (603) is positioned obliquely above the left seedling dividing component II (602) in a staggered manner so as to ensure that the longitudinal (the advancing direction of the seedling throwing machine) distance between all adjacent seedling dividing belts (612) is equal to the transverse adjacent bowl spacing of the seedling tray, and simultaneously ensure that the transverse spacing between adjacent projections is equal to the required seedling row spacing L when all driven pulleys (613) are orthographically projected;
the left driving pulley (615) and the right driving pulley (617) are respectively connected with a first output shaft (301) of the gearbox and a second output shaft (302) of the gearbox through a coupler;
the left seedling dividing guide grating I (618) is fixed on a seedling dividing part left mounting frame I (609), the left seedling dividing guide grating II (619) is fixed on a seedling dividing part left mounting frame II (614), the right seedling dividing guide grating I (620) is fixed on a seedling dividing mechanism right mounting frame I (622), and the right seedling dividing guide grating II (621) is fixed on a seedling dividing part left mounting frame II (614); each seedling dividing guide grating is respectively positioned right above the corresponding seedling dividing belt (612);
a planting seedling tube (7) is correspondingly fixed below the driven belt wheel (613);
each field planting seedling tube (7) comprises B convex air inlet tubes (703), a seedling inlet (701) positioned at the top end of the field planting seedling tube (7) and a seedling outlet (702) positioned at the bottom end of the field planting seedling tube (7); the field planting seedling tube (7) is a cylindrical whole body which is penetrated up and down, and the upper and lower positions of the seedling inlet (701) and the seedling outlet (702) are corresponding; the seedling inlet (701) is in a horn mouth shape with a big upper part and a small lower part; the inner diameter of the seedling outlet (702) is 10-20mm larger than the outer diameter of the seedling bowl body; the included angle between the air inlet pipe (703) and the axis of the planting seedling tube (7) is 40-45 degrees; the air inlet pipe (703) is communicated with the field planting seedling tube (7), and the distance between the communicated joint and the inlet of the field planting seedling tube (7) is 1/3 of the height of the field planting seedling tube (7); b is more than or equal to 2;
an air inlet pipe (703) of the field planting seedling tube (7) is connected with a distributor outlet (402) of the distributor (4) in a sealing way through a hose;
the distributor (4) comprises a distributor inlet (401) and K distributor outlets (402), and the distributor inlet (401) is hermetically connected with the air outlet of the fan (2); k=m×b;
the seedling tray is prepared from degradable materials; the joint of the upper surfaces of the longitudinally adjacent pot bodies of the seedling tray is provided with a special transverse cutting joint; the gearbox (3) comprises a pair of bevel gears and a pair of same spur gears meshed with each other, wherein the pair of bevel gears are used for turning the original output of the seedling throwing machine so as to meet the position requirement of power transmission of the seedling taking part; the gearbox is internally provided with a pair of same spur gears meshed with each other, so that a first gearbox output shaft (301) and a second gearbox output shaft (302) rotate at equal speed in opposite directions, and two sides of seedling separating belts (612) run in transverse opposite directions.
2. A pneumatic ordered seedling thrower suitable for a degradable seedling tray as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the double sides of the cutting blade (517) are sharpened, the length of the cutting edge is 10-20mm, and the edge of the cutting blade (517) exceeds the top of the seedling tray by 5-10mm, so that the seedling tray which is conveyed longitudinally is cut conveniently.
3. A pneumatic ordered seedling thrower suitable for a degradable seedling tray as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
a left seedling dividing guide grid I (618) is fixed on the seedling dividing component left mounting frame I (609), a left seedling dividing guide grid II (619) is fixed on the seedling dividing component left mounting frame II (614), a right seedling dividing guide grid I (620) is fixed on the seedling dividing mechanism right mounting frame I (622), and a right seedling dividing guide grid II (621) is fixed on the seedling dividing mechanism right mounting frame II (616);
the left seedling dividing guide grating I (618), the left seedling dividing guide grating II (619), the right seedling dividing guide grating I (620) and the right seedling dividing guide grating II (621) are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the seedling dividing belts (612) right below, so that seedlings are prevented from shifting to adjacent seedling dividing belts (612) in the seedling dividing process.
4. A pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling tray according to claim 1, characterized in that the B outer convex air inlet pipes (703) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the field planting seedling pipe (7): the axes of the B convex air inlet pipes (703) are eccentrically arranged relative to the axis of the field planting seedling pipe (7) so as to form spiral air flow and accelerate the field planting seedling downwards.
5. A seedling throwing method for a pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for a degradable seedling tray according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step one, accurately feeding seedlings by a whole tray: the seedling trays with the plug seedlings to be taken are arranged on seedling tray limiting plates (507) on seedling boxes (506), the seedling trays are accurately conveyed to the working positions of seedling cutter head combination (508) under the drive of a plurality of groups of seedling conveying belts (504), and the positions of each row of pot bodies are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the seedling conveying belts (504) below;
step two, whole row of intact seedling taking: the N cutting blades (517) are used for precisely cutting at the same time, the whole row of seedlings is taken out at a high speed without damage, and the taken out whole row of seedlings are formed into a single body; the number N=M-1 of the cutting blades (517), M is the number of seedling trays and transverse seedling bowls;
step three, complete row of accurate seedling feeding: the single body is accurately conveyed to a seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522) through a seedling conveying belt (504), and the single body ensures that seedlings enter the seedling separating component (6) in correct postures through limiting and posture adjustment of the seedling limiting and posture adjusting plate (522);
step four, precise introduction of the whole row: after limiting and adjusting the postures of seedlings by the seedling limiting and adjusting plates (522), the seedlings in the whole row of holes are respectively placed in the left guide grid (523) and the right guide grid (524) at the same time, and after the guiding action, the seedlings in the whole row of scattered seedling monomers respectively fall onto the seedling dividing belts (612) corresponding to the seedlings below;
step five, high-efficiency equidistant line division: the gearbox (3) drives all seedling dividing belts (612) to drive in the transverse direction, so that seedlings on the seedling dividing belts (612) are driven to realize equidistant whole row transverse seedling dividing, and each seedling falls into the field planting seedling tube (7) according to a specified interval so as to prepare field planting seedlings;
step six, pneumatic field planting seedling: after the seedlings fall into the field planting seedling tube (7), the seedlings vertically fall down along the positive direction of the field planting seedling tube (7) under the dual actions of gravity and spiral air force, and are accurately planted in the paddy field;
each step is a continuous cyclic operation.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911219173.1A CN110972646B (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method |
| JP2021533323A JP7005818B1 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | Airflow force type suitable for biodegradable seedling trays Seedling planting machine and seedling throwing method for planting seedlings in order |
| PCT/CN2020/095150 WO2021109520A1 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | Pneumatic orderly-operated seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray, and seedling throwing method |
| AU2020397138A AU2020397138B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-06-09 | Pneumatic orderly-operated seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray, and seedling throwing method |
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| CN201911219173.1A CN110972646B (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method |
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| CN110972646A CN110972646A (en) | 2020-04-10 |
| CN110972646B true CN110972646B (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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| CN201911219173.1A Active CN110972646B (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method |
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| JP (1) | JP7005818B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110972646B (en) |
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| CN110972646B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2023-12-05 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Pneumatic ordered seedling throwing machine suitable for degradable seedling tray and seedling throwing method |
| CN111699797A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-09-25 | 汪滔 | Seedling throwing device capable of improving survival rate of seedlings |
| CN111972097B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-08-12 | 湖北文理学院 | Tectorial membrane transplanter |
| CN111972096A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-24 | 湖北文理学院 | Transplanting device and film-covered transplanting machine |
| CN112703866B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-03-29 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Be suitable for high efficiency of degradable material seedling growing to get seedling mechanism |
| CN114208455A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-22 | 黑龙江雄汇智能装备有限公司 | Pneumatic accelerating conveying ordered seedling throwing machine for rice pot seedling raising |
| CN114616957B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-01-03 | 华南农业大学 | Single-plant transplanting device and method for rice seedlings |
| CN115462223B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-02-06 | 江西农业大学 | Ordered seedling throwing device for bowl blanket seedlings |
| CN117099541B (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2024-06-11 | 中国农业大学 | High-speed cutting and orderly throwing-planting machine and cutting and throwing-planting method for blanket-shaped rice seedlings |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2020397138A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
| AU2020397138B2 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
| JP2022513789A (en) | 2022-02-09 |
| WO2021109520A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
| JP7005818B1 (en) | 2022-01-24 |
| CN110972646A (en) | 2020-04-10 |
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