CN110964480A - Graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, preparation method thereof and graphene-based magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing material - Google Patents
Graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, preparation method thereof and graphene-based magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, which comprises graphene oxide and a ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material compounded on the surface of the graphene oxide. According to the invention, zinc oxide with a high heat conductivity coefficient, graphene oxide and ferroferric oxide are selected to be combined to obtain a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material with a composite structure, wherein the ferroferric oxide and the zinc oxide composite material are compounded on the surface of the graphene oxide. The graphene oxide and ferroferric oxide composite material is combined to provide excellent wave absorbing performance, and the surface of the graphene oxide and ferroferric oxide composite material is further coated with the inorganic nano material with high heat conductivity coefficient, so that the heat conductivity coefficient of the material is effectively improved while the good electromagnetic absorption performance is maintained, a small amount of heat conducting material can be contacted in a large area to form a heat conducting network, the heat conductivity of the material is improved, the high electromagnetic wave absorption characteristic and the heat conducting characteristic are achieved, and the graphene oxide and ferroferric oxide composite material has good application prospect in the field of heat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wave-absorbing materials, and relates to a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material and a preparation method thereof, and a heat-conducting wave-absorbing material, in particular to a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material and a preparation method thereof, and a graphene-based magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing material.
Background
With the rapid development of microwave and communication technologies, the threat of increasingly severe electromagnetic pollution to the environment and biological safety is increasingly emphasized by people. The harm caused by electromagnetic pollution is not underestimated, and in modern families, the electromagnetic wave directly or indirectly harms human health along with the action of 'electronic smoke' while bringing benefits to people. Therefore, research on wave-absorbing materials has been one of the focuses of attention in the field. In the field of electromagnetic absorption application of electronic products, the wave-absorbing material often absorbs and converts electromagnetic waves into heat energy, and the heat energy is dissipated, and if the heat is not dissipated in time, the heat energy is collected and serious heat generation is caused, so that the wave-absorbing material in the industry needs to have not only good wave-absorbing effect but also strong heat conductivity, and the heat-conducting wave-absorbing material further becomes one of the important subjects continuously concerned by researchers.
Graphene is a novel carbon material formed by closely arranging single carbon atoms, and has a large specific surface area and good electric heat conduction performance. Meanwhile, graphene has a high dielectric constant, and is easily polarized in an external electromagnetic field to generate dielectric loss. The single graphene sheet layer is easily penetrated by electromagnetic waves to lose the electromagnetic wave absorption capability, and meanwhile, the impedance matching is difficult due to the single high dielectric loss. By compounding the graphene and the ferroferric oxide, electromagnetic waves can be prevented from being directly transmitted by the barrier effect between the quantum dot matrixes and the steric hindrance effect after penetrating into the composite material, so that the effect of reducing the frequency of the electromagnetic waves is achieved. Meanwhile, the ferroferric oxide nanoparticles loaded on the surface of the graphene can absorb electromagnetic waves through mechanisms such as magnetic hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, ferromagnetic resonance and the like. Therefore, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material is widely concerned by scholars in the field. However, ferroferric oxide is a typical magnetic loss material, and due to quantum size effect, the size of ferroferric oxide nano particles has very important influence on the electromagnetic performance of the ferroferric oxide nano particles. In order to match the spatial impedance of the graphene-based wave-absorbing material, the graphene-based wave-absorbing material is required to have high magnetic loss, so that the preparation of large-size ferroferric oxide particles is inevitable. Meanwhile, a large number of oxygen-containing groups (such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, epoxy and the like) exist on the surface of the graphene oxide, the surface oxygen-containing groups are used as targets for combining with the nano material, the graphene oxide and the ferroferric oxide are chemically combined, electromagnetic waves can be prevented from being directly transmitted by steric hindrance effect after penetrating into the composite material, the graphene oxide high dielectric loss and the ferroferric oxide high magnetic loss are delayed, and the composite material has excellent electromagnetic wave absorbing performance.
However, the currently disclosed methods for preparing nano-particles of ferroferric oxide mainly include two types: and the first step is preparation by adopting a coprecipitation method under the normal pressure condition, but the obtained ferroferric oxide particles are between 10 and 30 nanometers. And secondly, under the high-pressure condition, the ferroferric oxide is prepared by a solvothermal method, and the obtained large particles of the ferroferric oxide are 200-500 nanometers. In the actual industrial preparation of the wave-absorbing material, the larger the ferroferric oxide particles are, the higher the electromagnetic loss property of the ferroferric oxide particles is, i.e. the better the performance of the ferroferric oxide particles is, and particularly when the ferroferric oxide particles are below 20 nanometers, the performance of the magnetic loss is lost. However, when the ferroferric oxide nano particles are prepared by the existing solvothermal method, a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction process is needed, high-pressure resistant equipment is necessarily needed for generating high pressure, the equipment cost is high, the energy consumption is high, high danger is caused during use, the problems of low yield, high price and the like of the composite material are further caused, and the development and development of the ferroferric oxide composite material in practical application are limited.
Moreover, the existing wave-absorbing products have poor heat conductivity, and in order to enhance the heat conductivity, the heat-conducting and wave-absorbing materials such as wave-absorbing and heat-conducting coating and wave-absorbing and heat-conducting rubber are added into resin and rubber material by physically mixing a wave-absorbing agent and a heat-conducting agent, and then are physically added into the coating and the rubber by various grinding and open milling modes. In the practical application process, the addition amount of the heat conducting agent cannot be too low and is generally more than 20%, so that the proportion of the wave absorbing agent needs to be greatly reduced, the wave absorbing effect is reduced, the strength is obviously reduced, the effective absorption bandwidth is reduced, the density of the material cannot be reduced, and the practical use requirement of the product cannot be met. In addition, the physically mixed product is difficult to realize effective connection of heat conduction materials, and the heat conduction effect is poor (1-2W/m.K) under the condition of low filling amount.
Therefore, how to find a more excellent heat-conducting wave-absorbing material, which has better heat-conducting and wave-absorbing comprehensive properties, and simultaneously solves the defects in the preparation process, has mild process conditions, is safe and environment-friendly, and becomes an important problem to be solved urgently by many industry manufacturers and a front-line research and development staff.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, a preparation method thereof, and a heat-conducting wave-absorbing material, particularly a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material and a normal pressure preparation process.
The invention provides a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, which comprises graphene oxide and a ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material compounded on the surface of the graphene oxide.
Preferably, the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material has a core-shell structure;
the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material comprises ferroferric oxide particles and a zinc oxide layer coated on the surfaces of the ferroferric oxide particles;
zinc oxide particles are compounded on the surface of the graphene oxide;
the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the ferroferric oxide is 1: (10-200);
the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the zinc oxide is (2-10): 1.
preferably, the thickness of the graphene oxide is 0.3-10 nm;
the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material has a sphere-like structure;
the particle size of the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material is 150-500 nm;
the particle size of the ferroferric oxide particles is 120-450 nm;
the thickness of the zinc oxide layer is 20-70 nm;
the particle size of the zinc oxide particles is 20-70 nm.
The invention provides a preparation method of a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, which comprises the following steps:
A) mixing the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid, a ferric iron source, an alkaline regulator, a surfactant and an accelerator to obtain a mixed solution;
B) carrying out thermal reaction on the mixed solution obtained in the step at normal pressure to obtain a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material;
C) thermally mixing the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material obtained in the step with a zinc source solution to obtain a reaction solution;
D) and mixing the reaction solution obtained in the step with ammonia water, reacting at a first pH value, adding alkali again, and reacting again at a second pH value to obtain the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material.
Preferably, the polyol comprises one or more of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and glycerol;
the ferric iron source comprises one or more of ferric chloride, ferric sulfate and ferric nitrate;
the alkaline regulator comprises one or more of sodium acetate, sodium propionate, sodium sulfate and sodium citrate;
the surfactant comprises one or more of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate;
the accelerator comprises one or more of polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid is 0.5-1.5%;
the mass ratio of the ferric iron source to the graphene oxide is (5-20): 1;
the mass ratio of the alkaline regulator to the graphene oxide is (10-50): 1;
the mass ratio of the surfactant to the graphene oxide is (1-5): 1;
the mass ratio of the promoter to the graphene oxide is (1-10): 1;
the mixing time is 30-120 min;
the step A) is specifically as follows:
A1) stirring and mixing the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid, the ferric iron source, the alkaline regulator and the surfactant to obtain a mixed solution;
A2) and adding an accelerant into the mixed solution obtained in the step, and carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
Preferably, the stirring and mixing time is 30-120 min;
the ultrasonic stirring time is 30-90 min;
the thermal reaction is heating reflux reaction;
the temperature of the thermal reaction is 160-200 ℃;
the thermal reaction time is 4-16 h;
a post-treatment step is also included after the thermal reaction;
the post-treatment step comprises one or more of separating, washing, drying and comminuting.
Preferably, the zinc source comprises one or more of zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc sulfate and zinc acetylacetonate;
the molar ratio of the zinc source to the ferric iron source is (1-10): (1-50);
the concentration of the zinc source solution is 0.01-0.6 mol/L;
the temperature of the hot mixing is 60-120 ℃;
the time of the thermal mixing is 20-60 min.
Preferably, the concentration of the ammonia water is 20-25%;
the first pH value is 7.5-9;
the reaction time is 10-60 min; the reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃;
the alkali comprises one or more of ammonia water, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide;
the second pH value is 10-11.5;
the secondary reaction time is 10-60 min; the temperature of the secondary reaction is 50-70 ℃;
after the secondary reaction, the method also comprises a post-treatment step;
the post-treatment step comprises one or more of separating, washing and drying.
Preferably, the graphene oxide polyol dispersion is prepared by the following method:
and mixing the graphene oxide aqueous solution with polyol, and removing water to obtain the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the graphene oxide aqueous solution is 0.5-1.5%;
the water removal is rotary evaporation water removal;
the time for rotary evaporation water removal is 30-180 min;
the temperature of the rotary evaporation water is 40-80 ℃.
The invention also provides a heat-conducting wave-absorbing material which comprises the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared by any one of the technical schemes or the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of the technical schemes.
The invention provides a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, which comprises graphene oxide and a ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material compounded on the surface of the graphene oxide. Compared with the prior art, the existing wave-absorbing product of the invention has poor heat-conducting property, and the heat-conducting wave-absorbing material is a mixture obtained by a physical mixing mode, so that the heat-conducting agent has large proportion and reduced wave-absorbing property, and the effective connection of the heat-conducting materials is difficult to realize under the condition of low filling amount.
According to the invention, zinc oxide with a high heat conductivity coefficient, graphene oxide and ferroferric oxide are creatively selected to be combined to obtain a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material with a composite structure, wherein the ferroferric oxide and the zinc oxide composite material are compounded on the surface of the graphene oxide. The graphene oxide and the ferroferric oxide are combined to provide excellent wave absorbing performance, and the inorganic nano material with high heat conductivity coefficient is further chemically synthesized in situ on the surface of the composite material and coated, so that the heat conductivity coefficient of the material is effectively improved while the good electromagnetic absorption performance is maintained. The composite material provided by the invention has high electromagnetic wave absorption characteristic and heat conduction characteristic, can realize large-area contact when a small amount of heat conduction material is added, forms a heat conduction network and improves the heat conductivity of the material; and moreover, the inorganic nano material ZnO is adopted, so that the impedance of the electromagnetic absorption characteristic of the composite material is effectively matched, and the absorption stability of electromagnetic waves can be improved. This graphite alkene base magnetism heat conduction wave-absorbing composite, can effectively improve the dispersion homogeneity of heat conduction wave-absorbing material in the wave-absorbing base member, the effectual mode of traditional heat conduction material + wave-absorbing material physics mixture of having solved, there is a large amount of heat conduction materials that add, wave-absorbing performance descends, reduce the addition, can cause the heat conduction agent to distribute unevenly, the low coefficient of heat dissipation's that leads to dilemma, can realize the large tracts of land contact when realizing that the heat conduction material increases by a small amount, form the heat conduction network, improve the material heat conductivity, have high electromagnetic wave absorption characteristic and heat conduction characteristic concurrently, it inhales the wave field at heat conduction and.
Experimental results show that in the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared by the invention, the particle size of the nano ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material is 150-500 nm, the particle size of the ferroferric oxide particles is 120-450 nm, the sizes are uniform, and the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material has excellent wave-absorbing and heat-conducting comprehensive properties.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope picture of a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope picture of the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a wave-absorbing property curve diagram of the heat-conducting wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
All the raw materials of the invention have no special limitation on the purity, and the invention preferably adopts the conventional purity used in the field of analytical purity or heat-conducting wave-absorbing materials.
The invention provides a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, which comprises graphene oxide and a ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material compounded on the surface of the graphene oxide.
In the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, the selection and source of parameters of the graphene oxide are not particularly limited, the graphene oxide can be prepared by conventional methods or purchased commercially according to conventional parameters and sources well known to those skilled in the art, the graphene oxide can be selected and adjusted according to actual application conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the thickness of the graphene oxide sheet layer is preferably 0.3-10 nm, more preferably 0.5-8 nm, more preferably 1-5 nm, and more preferably 2-4 nm.
The present invention is not particularly limited to the composition, and may be defined by a composition known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention is preferably one or more of growth, support, attachment, lamination, deposition and doping, more preferably growth, support, attachment, lamination, deposition or doping, and more preferably growth or support.
The invention does not particularly limit the proportion of each component in the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, and the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material can be selected and adjusted according to the actual application situation, the product requirement and the quality requirement by the technical personnel in the field according to the conventional proportion of the composite material well known by the technical personnel in the field, and the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the ferroferric oxide is preferably 1: (10-200), more preferably 1: (30-180), more preferably 1: (50 to 150), more preferably 1: (80-120). The mass ratio of the ferroferric oxide to the zinc oxide is preferably (2-10): 1, more preferably (3-9): 1, more preferably (4-8): 1, more preferably (5-7): 1.
the invention has no particular limitation on the specific structure of the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material in principle, and the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material has a conventional structure of the composite material well known to a person skilled in the art, and can be selected and adjusted according to the actual application condition, the product requirement and the quality requirement.
The specific parameters of the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material are not particularly limited in principle, and the conventional structure of the composite material known to a person skilled in the art can be used, and the person skilled in the art can select and adjust the composite material according to the actual application condition, the product requirement and the quality requirement, in order to better improve the heat-conducting property and the wave-absorbing property of the composite material, the particle size of the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material is preferably 150-500 nm, more preferably 200-450 nm, more preferably 250-400 nm, and more preferably 300-350 nm. The particle size of the ferroferric oxide particles is preferably 120-450 nm, more preferably 170-400 nm, more preferably 220-350 nm, and more preferably 270-300 nm. The thickness of the zinc oxide layer is preferably 20-70 nm, more preferably 25-65 nm, more preferably 30-60 nm, more preferably 35-55 nm, and more preferably 40-50 nm.
In the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material provided by the above steps of the present invention, zinc oxide particles may be further compounded on the surface of the graphene oxide, and the zinc oxide particles may be spherical or granular; the graphene oxide nano particles can be independently loaded on graphene oxide sheet layers, and can also be connected into bundles or clusters to be loaded on the graphene oxide sheet layers; meanwhile, the zinc oxide particles can also be attached to the surface of the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material.
The specific parameters of the zinc oxide particles are not particularly limited, and the conventional parameters of the zinc oxide nanoparticles known to those skilled in the art can be used, and the skilled in the art can select and adjust the parameters according to the actual application condition, the product requirements and the quality requirements, and the particle size of the zinc oxide particles is preferably 20-70 nm, more preferably 25-65 nm, more preferably 30-60 nm, more preferably 35-55 nm, and more preferably 40-50 nm.
According to the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material provided by the invention, a traditional physical mixing mode of a heat conduction material and a wave absorption material is abandoned, and the graphene heat conduction and wave absorption composite material is in a composite material form, has high electromagnetic wave absorption and heat conduction characteristics through a specific structure, and has good stability. The composite material provided by the invention realizes the network connection of the heat conduction material in the composite material, improves the heat conduction coefficient of the material, adopts the graphene oxide, has heat conduction but no conduction, has the voltage breakdown prevention effect, and also has the electromagnetic absorption and heat conduction characteristics, effectively solves the problem of low heat dissipation coefficient caused by uneven distribution of the heat conducting agent in the existing scheme, realizes the small amount of addition of the heat conduction material, can realize large-area contact, forms a heat conduction network, and improves the heat conduction effect of the material.
The invention provides a preparation method of a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, which comprises the following steps:
A) mixing the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid, a ferric iron source, an alkaline regulator, a surfactant and an accelerator to obtain a mixed solution;
B) carrying out thermal reaction on the mixed solution obtained in the step at normal pressure to obtain a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material;
C) thermally mixing the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material obtained in the step with a zinc source solution to obtain a reaction solution;
D) and mixing the reaction solution obtained in the step with ammonia water, reacting at a first pH value, adding alkali again, and reacting again at a second pH value to obtain the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material.
The selection and composition of the raw materials and the corresponding optimization principle in the preparation method of the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material can correspond to the selection and composition of the raw materials and the corresponding optimization principle in the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, and are not described in detail herein.
Firstly, mixing graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid, a ferric iron source, an alkaline regulator, a surfactant and an accelerator to obtain a mixed solution.
The polyol used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be selected and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the actual production situation, the product requirement and the quality requirement, and the polyol used in the present invention is preferably a diol and/or a triol, more preferably one or more of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and glycerol, more preferably ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or glycerol, and most preferably ethylene glycol.
The parameters of the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid are not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be conventional parameters of graphene oxide dispersion liquids well known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art may select and adjust the parameters according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the mass concentration of the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid of the present invention is preferably 0.5% o to 1.5%, more preferably 1% o to 1%, more preferably 5% o to 10% o, and more preferably 6% o to 9% o.
The source of the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid can be prepared by a conventional preparation method of the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid known to those skilled in the art or can be commercially purchased, and those skilled in the art can select and adjust the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid of the present invention can be obtained by mixing graphene oxide powder and polyol, or can be prepared by the following method:
and mixing the graphene oxide aqueous solution with polyol, and removing water to obtain the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid.
The parameters of the graphene oxide aqueous solution are not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be conventional parameters of graphene oxide aqueous solutions well known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art may select and adjust the parameters according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the mass fraction of the graphene oxide aqueous solution in the present invention is preferably 0.5% o to 1.5%, more preferably 1% o to 1%, more preferably 5% o to 10% o, and more preferably 6% o to 9% o.
The method for removing water is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be a conventional method well known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art can select and adjust the method according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the water removal in the present invention is preferably rotary evaporation water removal.
In order to further improve the water removal effect, the time for the rotary evaporation water removal is preferably 30-180 min, more preferably 60-150 min, and more preferably 90-120 min. The temperature of the rotary evaporation water is preferably 40-80 ℃, more preferably 50-70 ℃, and more preferably 55-65 ℃.
The selection of the ferric iron source is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the ferric iron source for preparing ferroferric oxide, which is well known to those skilled in the art, can be selected and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the ferric iron source in the present invention preferably comprises one or more of ferric chloride, ferric sulfate and ferric nitrate, more preferably ferric chloride, ferric sulfate or ferric nitrate, and most preferably ferric chloride.
The adding amount of the ferric iron source is not particularly limited, and the conventional dosage for preparing ferroferric oxide, which is well known to a person skilled in the art, can be selected and adjusted by the person skilled in the art according to the actual production situation, the product requirement and the quality requirement, and the mass ratio of the ferric iron source to the graphene oxide is preferably (5-20): 1, more preferably (8-17): 1, more preferably (10-15): 1.
The selection of the alkaline regulator is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the alkaline regulator for preparing ferroferric oxide, namely the acidity regulator, which is well known to those skilled in the art can be selected and adjusted according to the actual production situation, the product requirements and the quality requirements, and the alkaline regulator of the present invention preferably comprises one or more of sodium acetate, sodium propionate, sodium sulfate and sodium citrate, more preferably sodium acetate, sodium propionate, sodium sulfate or sodium citrate, more preferably sodium acetate or sodium citrate, and most preferably sodium acetate.
The adding amount of the alkaline regulator is not particularly limited, and the conventional dosage for preparing ferroferric oxide, which is well known by a person skilled in the art, can be selected and adjusted by the person skilled in the art according to the actual production situation, the product requirement and the quality requirement, and the mass ratio of the alkaline regulator to the graphene oxide is preferably (10-50): 1, more preferably (15 to 45): 1, more preferably (20 to 40): 1, more preferably (25 to 35): 1.
the selection of the surfactant is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the surfactant used for preparing ferroferric oxide, which is well known to those skilled in the art, may be selected and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the surfactant in the present invention preferably includes one or more of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, more preferably polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, even more preferably polyethylene glycol or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and most preferably polyethylene glycol.
The addition amount of the surfactant is not particularly limited, and the conventional dosage for preparing ferroferric oxide, which is well known to those skilled in the art, can be selected and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the mass ratio of the surfactant to the graphene oxide is preferably (1-5): 1, more preferably (1.5 to 4.5): 1, more preferably (2-4): 1, more preferably (2.5 to 3.5): 1.
the choice of the accelerator is not particularly limited in the present invention, and can be selected and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the accelerator of the present invention preferably includes one or more of polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol, and more preferably polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvinyl alcohol.
The addition amount of the promoter is not particularly limited, and the promoter can be used in conventional amounts well known to those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art can select and adjust the promoter according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the mass ratio of the promoter to the graphene oxide is preferably (1-10): 1, more preferably (3-8): 1, more preferably (5-6): 1.
the mixing mode and parameters are not particularly limited, and can be selected and adjusted by the skilled in the art according to the actual production condition, the product requirement and the quality requirement, the mixing in the invention is preferably stirring mixing or ultrasonic stirring mixing, and the mixing time is preferably 30-120 min, more preferably 50-100 min, and more preferably 70-80 min.
In order to further improve the mixing effect, ensure the dispersibility of graphene oxide and the uniform distribution of ferroferric oxide on graphene oxide lamella, the step A) is preferably as follows:
A1) stirring and mixing the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid, the ferric iron source, the alkaline regulator and the surfactant to obtain a mixed solution;
A2) and adding an accelerant into the mixed solution obtained in the step, and carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
The stirring and mixing parameters are not particularly limited, and mixing parameters known by a person skilled in the art can be used, and the person skilled in the art can select and adjust the parameters according to the actual production condition, the product requirement and the quality requirement, and the stirring and mixing time is preferably 30-120 min, more preferably 50-100 min, and more preferably 70-80 min.
The ultrasonic stirring parameters are not particularly limited, and mixing parameters known by a person skilled in the art can be used, the person skilled in the art can select and adjust the parameters according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and the ultrasonic stirring time is preferably 30-90 min, more preferably 40-80 min, and more preferably 50-70 min.
According to the invention, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material is obtained after the mixed solution obtained in the above step is subjected to thermal reaction under normal pressure.
The final product graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material is not particularly limited, and the graphene oxide can be one or more of graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide.
The time of the thermal reaction is not particularly limited, and the time of the reaction known to those skilled in the art can be selected and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the actual production situation, the product requirement and the quality requirement, and the time of the thermal reaction is preferably 4-16 h, more preferably 6-14 h, and more preferably 8-12 h.
The temperature of the thermal reaction is not particularly limited, and the temperature of the reaction known to those skilled in the art can be selected and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, and is preferably 160-200 ℃, more preferably 165-195 ℃, more preferably 170-190 ℃, more preferably 175-185 ℃, and particularly 160-190 ℃.
In order to further ensure the performance of the product, perfect and refine the process flow, the method preferably further comprises a post-treatment step after the thermal reaction. The post-treatment step of the present invention may specifically include one or more of separation, washing, drying and pulverization, more preferably, multiple of separation, washing, drying and pulverization, and specifically may be separation, washing, drying and pulverization in this order. The separation according to the invention is preferably a magnetic separation. The washing according to the present invention is preferably a plurality of washes, more preferably a plurality of washes with pure water and ethanol. The drying according to the invention is preferably vacuum drying. The comminution according to the invention is preferably grinding.
According to the preparation method, firstly, ferroferric oxide grows on the surface of graphene oxide in situ to obtain a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material, and the preparation method aims at the problems that in the existing preparation route of the ferroferric oxide material, although the coprecipitation method is mild in conditions, the prepared ferroferric oxide particles are between 10 and 30 nanometers, and the applicability is poor; the high-pressure solvothermal method can obtain large ferroferric oxide particles, but the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction process has the defects of high equipment cost, high energy consumption, high danger in use, low yield of the composite material, high price and the like, and cannot be applied to industrial mass production.
The invention creatively improves the solvothermal method, and by adopting the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid as a graphene oxide source, the invention not only ensures the uniform dispersion of the surface of the ferroferric oxide graphene oxide, but also ensures the uniform dispersion of the graphene oxide, and is more beneficial to the oxygen-containing group on the surface of the graphene oxide as a target point combined with a nano material to be chemically combined with the ferroferric oxide. According to the invention, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material can be prepared under normal pressure by combining with an effective accelerant under the coordination of an alkaline regulator and a surfactant, and a high-pressure environment is not needed in the preparation process, so that the energy loss and the cost are effectively reduced, the dispersibility of the composite material is improved, and the ferroferric oxide nano-particles with proper size are also provided.
According to the invention, by adding the active substance and improving the production process, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material is prepared by thermal reaction under normal pressure and low temperature, the ferroferric oxide is uniformly distributed, the graphene oxide agglomeration is effectively avoided, high-harm reducing agents such as hydrazine hydrate are not used, and the environmental pollution is avoided. And the process is simple and easy to operate, and large-scale preparation can be realized. The graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention has excellent wave-absorbing performance and good application prospect in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption.
According to the invention, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material obtained in the above step and a zinc source solution are thermally mixed to obtain a reaction solution.
The selection and parameters of the zinc source solution are not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be selected and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the actual production situation, product requirements and quality requirements, and the zinc source in the zinc source solution of the present invention is preferably a soluble zinc source, more preferably one or more of zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc sulfate and zinc acetylacetonate, more preferably zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc sulfate or zinc acetylacetonate, and still more preferably zinc nitrate. The concentration of the zinc source solution is preferably 0.01-0.6 mol/L, more preferably 0.05-0.55 mol/L, more preferably 0.1-0.5 mol/L, and more preferably 0.2-0.4 mol/L.
In principle, the addition amount of the zinc source is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art can select and adjust the zinc source according to actual production conditions, product requirements and quality requirements, wherein the molar ratio of the zinc source to the ferric iron source is preferably (1-10): (1-50), more preferably (3-8): (1-50), more preferably (5-6): (1-50) may be (1-10): (5-45), or (1-10): (10-40), or (1-10): (15-35), or (1-10): (20-30).
The invention is in principle not particularly restricted to the process and parameters of the thermal mixing, which are known to the person skilled in the art and can be selected and adjusted according to the actual production situation, the product requirements and the quality requirements, and preferably also to the thermal stirring mixing, in order to further ensure and improve the properties and structure of the final composite material. The temperature of the hot mixing is preferably 60-120 ℃, more preferably 70-110 ℃, and more preferably 80-100 ℃. The time for the thermal mixing is preferably 20 to 60min, more preferably 25 to 55min, more preferably 30 to 50min, and more preferably 35 to 45 min.
Finally, mixing the reaction solution obtained in the step with ammonia water, reacting at a first pH value, adding alkali again, and reacting again at a second pH value to obtain the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material.
The parameters and the addition amount of the ammonia water are not particularly limited in principle, and the parameters and the addition amount of the conventional ammonia water known by the skilled in the art can be selected and adjusted by the skilled in the art according to the actual production situation, the product requirement and the quality requirement, and in order to further ensure and improve the performance and the structure of the final composite material, the concentration of the ammonia water is preferably 20-25%, more preferably 21-24%, and more preferably 22-23%. After the reaction solution and the ammonia water are mixed, the mass ratio of the ammonia water to the mixed system is preferably 1 to 5 percent, more preferably 5 to 4 percent, and even more preferably 1 to 3 percent. The adding amount of the ammonia water is the preferable scheme taking the first pH value as the range for reaching the requirement. The first pH value is preferably 7.5-9, and more preferably 8-8.5.
The reaction conditions are not particularly limited in principle, and can be selected and adjusted by the skilled in the art according to the actual production situation, the product requirements and the quality requirements, and in order to further ensure and improve the performance and the structure of the final composite material, the reaction time is preferably 10-60 min, more preferably 20-50 min, and even more preferably 30-40 min. The reaction temperature is preferably 50-70 ℃, more preferably 52-68 ℃, and more preferably 55-65 ℃.
The selection, parameters and addition of the base are in principle not particularly limited by the present invention, and can be selected and adjusted by the skilled person according to the actual production situation, product requirements and quality requirements, and the present invention is to further ensure and improve the properties and structure of the final composite material, and the base preferably comprises one or more of ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, more preferably ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and still more preferably ammonia or sodium hydroxide. The addition amount of the alkali is preferably the second pH value which reaches the required range. The second pH value is preferably 10-11.5, and more preferably 10.5-11.
The conditions of the secondary reaction are not particularly limited in principle, and can be selected and adjusted by the skilled in the art according to the actual production situation, the product requirements and the quality requirements, and the time of the secondary reaction is preferably 10-60 min, more preferably 20-50 min, and more preferably 30-40 min to further ensure and improve the performance and the structure of the final composite material. The temperature of the secondary reaction is preferably 50-70 ℃, more preferably 52-68 ℃, and more preferably 55-65 ℃.
In order to further ensure the performance of the product, perfect and refine the process flow, the method preferably further comprises a post-treatment step after the thermal reaction. The post-treatment step of the present invention may specifically include one or more of separation, washing, and drying, more preferably, a plurality of separation, washing, and drying, and may specifically be separation, washing, and drying in this order. The washing according to the present invention is preferably a plurality of washes, more preferably a plurality of washes with pure water and ethanol. The drying according to the invention is preferably vacuum drying.
In order to further ensure the performance of the product, perfect and refine the process flow, the preparation process can comprise the following specific steps:
taking oxidized graphene powder, mixing the oxidized graphene powder with glycol, performing ultrasonic dispersion, and continuously stirring for a certain time to obtain an oxidized graphene glycol solution.
And 2, sequentially adding ferric chloride, sodium acetate and polyethylene glycol 2000 into the oxidized graphene glycol solution obtained in the step 1, and then violently stirring for a period of time to obtain a stable precursor solution.
3, placing the precursor solution obtained in the step 2 in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating for reaction, and obtaining graphene oxide/Fe after the reaction is finished3O4Magnetic washing the composite material for three times to obtain the graphene oxide/Fe3O4Particles;
4 ] graphene oxide/Fe obtained in step 33O4Adding the prepared zinc nitrate aqueous solution into the particles, heating and stirring to obtain a reaction solution, and heating and stirring;
and 5, dropwise adding an ammonia water solution into the reaction solution obtained in the step 4, adjusting the pH value to 9, continuously stirring for 20min, then continuously dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution, adjusting the pH value to 11, and continuously stirring for 20min to obtain a composite material aqueous solution.
And 6, centrifugally filtering the composite material aqueous solution obtained in the step 5, washing the composite material aqueous solution with water and ethanol for three times respectively, and then performing vacuum drying treatment at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 8 hours. And obtaining the graphene magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing composite material.
The invention also provides a heat-conducting wave-absorbing material which comprises the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared by any one of the technical schemes or the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of the technical schemes.
The invention has no special limitation on the specific form and shape of the wave-absorbing material, and the specific form and shape of the wave-absorbing material known to those skilled in the art can be selected and adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the actual production condition, the product requirement and the quality requirement, and the wave-absorbing material can contain or only be the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared by the invention. The graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material or the wave-absorbing material provided by the invention has wave-absorbing performance and heat-conducting performance.
The invention provides a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, wherein zinc oxide with a high heat conductivity coefficient, graphene oxide and ferroferric oxide are selected to be combined to obtain the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material with a composite structure, wherein the ferroferric oxide and the zinc oxide composite material are compounded on the surface of graphene oxide. The graphene oxide and the ferroferric oxide are combined to provide excellent wave absorbing performance, and the inorganic nano material with high heat conductivity coefficient is further chemically synthesized in situ on the surface of the composite material and coated, so that the heat conductivity coefficient of the material is effectively improved while the good electromagnetic absorption performance is maintained. The composite material provided by the invention has high electromagnetic wave absorption characteristic and heat conduction characteristic, can realize large-area contact when a small amount of heat conduction material is added, forms a heat conduction network and improves the heat conductivity of the material; and moreover, the inorganic nano material ZnO is adopted, so that the impedance of the electromagnetic absorption characteristic of the composite material is effectively matched, and the absorption stability of electromagnetic waves can be improved. This graphite alkene base magnetism heat conduction wave-absorbing composite, can effectively improve the dispersion homogeneity of heat conduction wave-absorbing material in the wave-absorbing base member, the effectual mode of traditional heat conduction material + wave-absorbing material physics mixture of having solved, there is a large amount of heat conduction materials that add, wave-absorbing performance descends, reduce the addition, can cause the heat conduction agent to distribute unevenly, the low coefficient of heat dissipation's that leads to dilemma, can realize the large tracts of land contact when realizing that the heat conduction material increases by a small amount, form the heat conduction network, improve the material heat conductivity, have high electromagnetic wave absorption characteristic and heat conduction characteristic concurrently, it inhales the wave field at heat conduction and.
The invention creatively improves the solvothermal method, and by adopting the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid as a graphene oxide source, the invention not only ensures the uniform dispersion of the surface of the ferroferric oxide graphene oxide, but also ensures the uniform dispersion of the graphene oxide, and is more beneficial to the oxygen-containing group on the surface of the graphene oxide as a target point combined with a nano material to be chemically combined with the ferroferric oxide. According to the invention, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material can be prepared under normal pressure by combining with an effective accelerant under the coordination of an alkaline regulator and a surfactant, and a high-pressure environment is not needed in the preparation process, so that the energy loss and the cost are effectively reduced, the dispersibility of the composite material is improved, and the ferroferric oxide nano-particles with proper size are also provided. According to the invention, on the basis of in-situ generation of the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material, ZnO is further generated in situ on the composite material. According to the invention, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material is prepared by thermal reaction at normal pressure and low temperature through adding active substances and improving the production process, the core-shell coating structure and uniform distribution of ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide are achieved, graphene oxide agglomeration can be effectively avoided, high-harm reducing agents such as hydrazine hydrate are not used, and environmental pollution is avoided. And the process is simple and easy to operate, and large-scale preparation can be realized. The graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention has excellent wave-absorbing performance and heat-conducting performance, and the graphene-based magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing material applied by the graphene-based magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing material has good application prospect and industrialization in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption and heat conduction.
Experimental results show that in the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared by the invention, the particle size of the nano ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material is 150-500 nm, the particle size of the ferroferric oxide particles is 120-450 nm, the sizes are uniform, and the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material has excellent wave-absorbing and heat-conducting comprehensive properties.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following describes in detail a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, a preparation method thereof, and a heat-conducting wave-absorbing material provided by the present invention with reference to examples, but it should be understood that these examples are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and that detailed implementation and specific operation procedures are given, which are only for further illustration of the features and advantages of the present invention, but not for limitation of the claims of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide @ zinc oxide composite magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing material is prepared by the following steps:
taking oxidized graphene powder, mixing the oxidized graphene powder with glycol, performing ultrasonic dispersion, and continuously stirring for a certain time to obtain an oxidized graphene glycol solution. Wherein the mass fraction of the oxidized graphene glycol solution is 5 per mill, and the ultrasonic stirring time is 30 min;
and 2, sequentially adding ferric chloride, sodium acetate and polyethylene glycol 2000 into the oxidized graphene glycol solution obtained in the step 1, and then violently stirring for a period of time to obtain a stable precursor solution. Wherein the iron salt: graphene oxide mass ratio of 100:1, sodium acetate: the mass ratio of polyethylene glycol 2000 is 5: 1;
3, placing the precursor solution obtained in the step 2 in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating to 200 ℃, reacting for 12 hours to obtain the graphene oxide/Fe after the reaction is finished3O4Magnetic washing the composite material for three times to obtain the graphene oxide/Fe3O4Particles;
4 ] graphene oxide/Fe obtained in step 33O4Adding a prepared zinc nitrate aqueous solution (the concentration is 0.04mol/L) into the particles, heating and stirring to obtain a reaction solution, wherein the heating temperature is 100 ℃, and the stirring time is 30 min; the molar ratio of the zinc nitrate to the ferric chloride is 1: 5;
and 5, dropwise adding an ammonia water solution (25%) into the reaction solution obtained in the step 4, adjusting the pH value to 9, continuously stirring for 20min, then continuously dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution, adjusting the pH value to 11, and continuously stirring for 20min to obtain a composite material aqueous solution.
And 6, centrifugally filtering the composite material aqueous solution obtained in the step 5, washing the composite material aqueous solution with water and ethanol for three times respectively, and then performing vacuum drying treatment at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 8 hours. And obtaining the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing composite material.
The graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing composite material prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is characterized.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope picture of the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide @ zinc oxide composite material successfully prepared in this example has a particle size of about 300nm, the ferroferric oxide @ zinc oxide nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the graphene oxide, and the nanoparticles of zinc oxide are attached near the ferroferric oxide particles or on the graphene oxide sheet layer.
The performance of the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide magnetic heat conduction and wave absorption composite material prepared by the embodiment of the invention is detected.
The powder product obtained in the embodiment is uniformly mixed with solid paraffin according to the mass ratio of 4:6, the mixture is pressed into a coaxial type with the outer diameter of 7.0mm, the inner diameter of 3.0mm and the thickness of 3.0mm by using a special mould, and the wave absorbing performance is tested by using an Agilent TE5071C vector network analyzer, wherein the test frequency is 2-18 GHz, and the thickness is 2 mm.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a wave-absorbing performance curve diagram of the heat-conducting wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment of the invention.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the heat-conducting wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention achieves the maximum absorption of-43.2 dB at 7.05GHz, the wave-absorbing material achieves the wave-absorbing rate below-10 dB at the frequency band of 5.7-7.9 GHz, and the effective absorption width is 2.2 GHz.
The heat-conducting wave-absorbing material prepared by the embodiment of the invention is subjected to heat-conducting property detection.
Referring to table 1, table 1 shows the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive wave absorbing material prepared in the embodiment of the present invention.
As can be seen from Table 1, the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is 2.4W/m.K.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide @ zinc oxide composite magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing material is prepared by the following steps:
taking graphene oxide powder prepared by Shandong European platinum New Material Co., Ltd, mixing the graphene oxide powder with ethylene glycol, performing ultrasonic dispersion, and continuously stirring for a certain time to obtain a graphene oxide ethylene glycol solution. Wherein the mass fraction of the oxidized graphene glycol solution is 8 per mill, and the ultrasonic stirring time is 30 min;
and 2, sequentially adding ferric chloride, sodium acetate and polyvinyl alcohol into the oxidized graphene glycol solution obtained in the step 1, and then violently stirring for a period of time to obtain a stable precursor solution. Wherein the iron salt: graphene oxide mass ratio of 300:1, sodium acetate: the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol is 2: 1;
3, placing the precursor solution obtained in the step 2 in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating to 200 ℃, reacting for 24 hours to obtain the graphene oxide/Fe after the reaction is finished3O4Magnetic washing the composite material for three times to obtain the graphene oxide/Fe3O4Particles;
4 ] graphene oxide/Fe obtained in step 33O4Adding the prepared zinc acetate aqueous solution (the concentration is 0.04mol/L) into the particles, heating and stirring to obtain a reaction solution, wherein the heating temperature is 100 ℃, and the stirring time is 30 min; the molar ratio of the zinc acetate to the ferric chloride is 1: 10;
and 5, dropwise adding an ammonia water solution (25%) into the reaction solution obtained in the step 4, adjusting the pH value to 9, continuously stirring for 20min, then continuously dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution, adjusting the pH value to 11, and continuously stirring for 20min to obtain a composite material aqueous solution.
And 6, centrifugally filtering the composite material aqueous solution obtained in the step 5, washing the composite material aqueous solution with water and ethanol for three times respectively, and then performing vacuum drying treatment at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 8 hours. And obtaining the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing composite material.
The graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing composite material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is characterized.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope picture of the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide @ zinc oxide composite material successfully prepared in this example has a particle size of about 300nm, the ferroferric oxide @ zinc oxide nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the graphene oxide, and the nanoparticles of zinc oxide are attached near the ferroferric oxide particles or on the graphene oxide sheet layer. The ferroferric oxide @ zinc oxide nano-particles are of a core-shell structure, the core is the ferroferric oxide nano-particles, the size of the ferroferric oxide @ zinc oxide nano-particles is about 300nm, and the shell is zinc oxide.
The performance of the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide magnetic heat conduction and wave absorption composite material prepared by the embodiment of the invention is detected.
The powder product obtained in the embodiment is uniformly mixed with solid paraffin according to the mass ratio of 4:6, the mixture is pressed into a coaxial type with the outer diameter of 7.0mm, the inner diameter of 3.0mm and the thickness of 3.0mm by using a special mould, and the wave absorbing performance is tested by using an Agilent TE5071C vector network analyzer, wherein the test frequency is 2-18 GHz, and the thickness is 2 mm.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a wave-absorbing performance curve diagram of the heat-conducting wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 3, the heat-conducting wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention achieves the maximum absorption of-19.6 dB at 10.96GHz, the wave-absorbing material achieves the wave-absorbing rate below-10 dB at the frequency band of 9.2-12.5 GHz, and the effective absorption width is 3.3 GHz.
The heat-conducting wave-absorbing material prepared by the embodiment of the invention is subjected to heat-conducting property detection.
Referring to table 1, table 1 shows the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive wave absorbing material prepared in the embodiment of the present invention.
As can be seen from Table 1, the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is 3.1W/m.K.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide @ zinc oxide composite magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing material is prepared by the following steps:
taking oxidized graphene powder, mixing the oxidized graphene powder with glycol, performing ultrasonic dispersion, and continuously stirring for a certain time to obtain an oxidized graphene glycol solution. Wherein the mass fraction of the oxidized graphene glycol solution is 8 per mill, and the ultrasonic stirring time is 30 min;
and 2, sequentially adding ferric nitrate, sodium acetate and polyvinyl alcohol into the oxidized graphene glycol solution obtained in the step 1, and then violently stirring for a period of time to obtain a stable precursor solution. Wherein the iron salt: graphene oxide mass ratio of 200:1, sodium acetate: the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol is 2: 1;
3, placing the precursor solution obtained in the step 2 in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, heating to 200 ℃, reacting for 36 hours to obtain the graphene oxide/Fe after the reaction is finished3O4Magnetic washing the composite material for three times to obtain the graphene oxide/Fe3O4Particles;
4 ] graphene oxide/Fe obtained in step 33O4Adding the prepared zinc acetate aqueous solution (the concentration is 0.04mol/L) into the particles, heating and stirring to obtain a reaction solution, wherein the heating temperature is 80 ℃, and the stirring time is 30 min; the molar ratio of the zinc acetate to the ferric chloride is 1: 6;
and 5, dropwise adding an ammonia water solution (25%), adjusting the pH value to 9, continuously stirring for 20min, then continuously dropwise adding a sodium hydroxide solution, adjusting the pH value to 11, and continuously stirring for 20min to the reaction solution obtained in the step 4. Obtaining the composite material aqueous solution.
And 6, centrifugally filtering the composite material aqueous solution obtained in the step 5, washing the composite material aqueous solution with water and ethanol for three times respectively, and then performing vacuum drying treatment at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 8 hours. And obtaining the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide magnetic heat-conducting wave-absorbing composite material.
The performance of the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide magnetic heat conduction and wave absorption composite material prepared by the embodiment of the invention is detected.
The powder product obtained in the embodiment is uniformly mixed with solid paraffin according to the mass ratio of 4:6, the mixture is pressed into a coaxial type with the outer diameter of 7.0mm, the inner diameter of 3.0mm and the thickness of 3.0mm by using a special mould, and the wave absorbing performance is tested by using an Agilent TE5071C vector network analyzer, wherein the test frequency is 2-18 GHz, and the thickness is 2 mm.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a wave-absorbing performance curve diagram of the heat-conducting wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 3, the heat-conducting wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention achieves the maximum absorption of-13.6 dB at 11.32GHz, the wave-absorbing material achieves the wave-absorbing rate below-10 dB at the frequency band of 9.8-13.1 GHz, and the effective absorption width is 3.3 GHz.
The heat-conducting wave-absorbing material prepared by the embodiment of the invention is subjected to heat-conducting property detection.
Referring to table 1, table 1 shows the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive wave absorbing material prepared in the embodiment of the present invention.
TABLE 1
| Sample name | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity (W/m. K) | 2.4 | 3.1 | 2.6 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive wave-absorbing material prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is 2.6W/m.K.
The graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material, the preparation method thereof and the graphene-based magnetic heat-conducting and wave-absorbing material provided by the invention are described in detail, and specific examples are applied to explain the principle and the embodiment of the invention, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention, including the best mode, and also enables any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including manufacturing and using any device or system, and implementing any combined method. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material is characterized by comprising graphene oxide and a ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material compounded on the surface of the graphene oxide.
2. The graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material has a core-shell structure;
the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material comprises ferroferric oxide particles and a zinc oxide layer coated on the surfaces of the ferroferric oxide particles;
zinc oxide particles are compounded on the surface of the graphene oxide;
the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the ferroferric oxide is 1: (10-200);
the mass ratio of the ferroferric oxide to the zinc oxide is (2-10): 1.
3. the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material according to claim 2, wherein the graphene oxide is 0.3-10 nm thick;
the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material has a sphere-like structure;
the particle size of the ferroferric oxide and zinc oxide composite material is 150-500 nm;
the particle size of the ferroferric oxide particles is 120-450 nm;
the thickness of the zinc oxide layer is 20-70 nm;
the particle size of the zinc oxide particles is 20-70 nm.
4. A preparation method of a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A) mixing the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid, a ferric iron source, an alkaline regulator, a surfactant and an accelerator to obtain a mixed solution;
B) carrying out thermal reaction on the mixed solution obtained in the step at normal pressure to obtain a graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material;
C) thermally mixing the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide composite material obtained in the step with a zinc source solution to obtain a reaction solution;
D) and mixing the reaction solution obtained in the step with ammonia water, reacting at a first pH value, adding alkali again, and reacting again at a second pH value to obtain the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the polyol comprises one or more of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and glycerol;
the ferric iron source comprises one or more of ferric chloride, ferric sulfate and ferric nitrate;
the alkaline regulator comprises one or more of sodium acetate, sodium propionate, sodium sulfate and sodium citrate;
the surfactant comprises one or more of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate;
the accelerator comprises one or more of polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol.
6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the mass concentration of the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid is 0.5% o to 1.5%;
the mass ratio of the ferric iron source to the graphene oxide is (5-20): 1;
the mass ratio of the alkaline regulator to the graphene oxide is (10-50): 1;
the mass ratio of the surfactant to the graphene oxide is (1-5): 1;
the mass ratio of the promoter to the graphene oxide is (1-10): 1;
the mixing time is 30-120 min;
the step A) is specifically as follows:
A1) stirring and mixing the graphene oxide polyol dispersion liquid, the ferric iron source, the alkaline regulator and the surfactant to obtain a mixed solution;
A2) and adding an accelerant into the mixed solution obtained in the step, and carrying out ultrasonic stirring to obtain a mixed solution.
7. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the stirring and mixing time is 30-120 min;
the ultrasonic stirring time is 30-90 min;
the thermal reaction is heating reflux reaction;
the temperature of the thermal reaction is 160-200 ℃;
the thermal reaction time is 4-16 h;
a post-treatment step is also included after the thermal reaction;
the post-treatment step comprises one or more of separating, washing, drying and comminuting.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the zinc source comprises one or more of zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc sulfate, and zinc acetylacetonate;
the molar ratio of the zinc source to the ferric iron source is (1-10): (1-50);
the concentration of the zinc source solution is 0.01-0.6 mol/L;
the temperature of the hot mixing is 60-120 ℃;
the time of the thermal mixing is 20-60 min.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of the aqueous ammonia is 20% to 25%;
the first pH value is 7.5-9;
the reaction time is 10-60 min; the reaction temperature is 50-70 ℃;
the alkali comprises one or more of ammonia water, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide;
the second pH value is 10-11.5;
the secondary reaction time is 10-60 min; the temperature of the secondary reaction is 50-70 ℃;
after the secondary reaction, the method also comprises a post-treatment step;
the post-treatment step comprises one or more of separating, washing and drying.
10. A heat-conducting wave-absorbing material is characterized by comprising the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the graphene oxide/ferroferric oxide/zinc oxide composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 9.
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