CN110959774A - 小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110959774A CN110959774A CN201911247600.7A CN201911247600A CN110959774A CN 110959774 A CN110959774 A CN 110959774A CN 201911247600 A CN201911247600 A CN 201911247600A CN 110959774 A CN110959774 A CN 110959774A
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料及其制备工艺,饲料的配方为包括以下重量配比的原料:植物蛋白粉3‑8份、大豆粕35‑45、菜粕25‑35份、高筋面粉5‑12份、鱼油2‑6份、复合维生素1‑3份、微量元素1‑3份、诱食剂0.5‑1.5份;饲料的制备工艺包括将植物蛋白粉、大豆粕、菜粕和高筋面粉混合,二次粉碎处理,分阶段加入诱食剂,然后加入微量元素和复合微生素制得沉性膨化料,最后烘干、喷油、冷却、过筛,得成品。本发明既具有提高养殖产量和养殖健康水平的特点,又具有降低饲料成本、提高饲料利用率和减少水体污染的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种小龙虾饲料,特别是一种小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料及其制备工艺。
背景技术
克氏螯虾俗称小龙虾,属甲壳动物纲,软甲亚纲,十足目,爬行亚目,螯虾科,原螯虾属。因和深海中的龙虾形象相近而个体小,常称为“小龙虾”。克氏螯虾具有适应力强,繁殖率高,生长快速等特点,并且肉质细嫩,肉味鲜美,营养丰富,富含钙、磷、铁、锌、碘和硒等微量元素,深受广大消费者的青睐,在国际市场上也有巨大的潜力,是我国出口创汇的优良品种。近年来,克氏螯虾天然资源锐减,由自然生长转化为人工养殖,并且养殖规模越来越大,对人工饲料要求也越迫切。现有的传统小龙虾饲养常以天然饵料为主,适当搭配玉米、小麦、豆饼、麸皮等单一饲料或加工成糊状饲料,由此造成克氏螯虾在养殖过程中营养素摄入不均衡,导致虾体生长迟缓、抗病力低下和水质恶化等问题,严重影响和制约我国小龙虾规模化和健康化养殖;或者在饲料中添加了各种各样的高营养成分,配比不太合理,小龙虾吸收率不高,还使得饲料的成本大大提高,而且对水体的污染也较为严重。因此,现有的小龙虾传统饲料,存在虾体养殖产量较低、健康水平较低的问题,现有的小龙虾高营养饲料,存在饲料成本较高、饲料利用率不高、对水体污染较为严重的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料及其制备工艺。本发明既具有提高养殖产量和养殖健康水平的特点,又具有降低饲料成本、提高饲料利用率和减少水体污染的特点。
本发明的技术方案:小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料,包括以下重量配比的原料:植物蛋白粉3-8份、大豆粕35-45、菜粕25-35 份、高筋面粉5-12份、鱼油2-6份、复合维生素1-3份、微量元素 1-3份、诱食剂0.5-1.5份。
前述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料中,包括以下重量配比的原料:植物蛋白粉5份、大豆粕40份、菜粕30份、高筋面粉 8份、鱼油4份、复合维生素2份、微量元素2份、诱食剂1份。
前述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料中,所述微量元素包括磷酸二氢钙、硫酸亚铁、柠檬酸铁、磷酸二氢钠、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、氯化钠和氯化钾。
前述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料中,所述复合维生素包括硫胺素B1、核黄素、烟酰胺、生物素、泛酸钙、维生素B6、叶酸、维生素C、对氨基苯甲酸、维生素A和维生素E。
前述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料中,所述诱食剂包括乌贼膏、精氨酸和赖氨酸。
根据上述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
a、将植物蛋白粉、大豆粕、菜粕和高筋面粉混合,得A品;
b、将A品进行二次粉碎处理,处理后的饲料分成两部分,为B1 品和B2品:
c、先向B1品中加入1/2诱食剂、羟丙甲纤维素和促进剂,调质,再加入B2品,搅拌调质,最后加入1/2诱食剂、羟丙甲纤维素和阻滞剂,调质,得C品;
d、向C品中添加微量元素和复合微生素,得D品;
e、将D品膨化,得膨化料为E品;
f、将E品通过密度仪控制饲料的密度大于水的密度,使所得饲料不膨化,不产生气孔,得沉性膨化料,为F品;
g、将F品烘干、喷油、冷却、过筛,得成品。
前述的制备工艺中,所述步骤b中,二次粉碎具体为将A品先进行粗粉碎,过40目过滤,再通过上下分布的若干排微型齿轮进行微粉碎,过300目过滤。
前述的制备工艺中,所述步骤c中,促进剂包括生石灰、聚环氧乙烷;所述阻滞剂为乙基纤维素。
前述的制备工艺中,所述步骤c中,搅拌时,通过外搅拌杆和内搅拌杆进行双重反方向的搅拌,外搅拌杆的搅拌速度为大于内搅拌杆的搅拌速度。
前述的制备工艺中,所述步骤g中,喷油具体为,将烘干后的饲料放入滚筒内,将鱼油加热雾化,旋转式喷到翻滚的饲料上,鱼油的喷洒量为饲料重量的4%。
与现有技术相比,本发明产品一是优化饲料的配比和诱食剂,简化配方成分,制成多层结构的膨化沉性饲料,充分利用诱食剂,使得饲料全程保持对小龙虾较高的吸引力,方便小龙虾的食用,提高饲料利用率,减少饲料的浪费,降低小龙虾的投喂成本,二是所含能量高,有助于小龙虾的快速、健康生长,提高小龙虾的养殖产量和养殖健康水平;三是饲料整体的稳定性较强,粘结性较高,不易松散,减少饲料对水体的污染。
具体的,本发明不含鱼粉,采用植物蛋白粉、大豆粕和菜粕,提供作为蛋白质补充,降低成本,并加以一定含量的微量元素、复合维生素作为辅助,进一步补充饲料中的营养成分,在较低的成本控制下,蛋白质含量较高、营养成分较高、水分含量少、饲料的品质较好,其中的粗灰分在9%以下,粗脂肪的含有量达到了8%以上,提高小龙虾的体液免疫能力和细胞免疫能力,减少小龙虾的发病率,提高健康养殖水平。
鱼油的含量为2-6份,优化选择为4份,在较低的含量下还保证了有助于脂的消化吸收、运转和形成,提高饲料消化吸收率,使得饲料的吸收率提高20%以上,便于将鱼粉中的能量供其活动的消耗,提高蛋白质的能量利用率,降低了蛋白质供应物质的配比,从而不仅饲料的成本降低了10%,而且进一步促进小龙虾的生长发育,小龙虾的产量提高了20%。
以乌贼膏,赖氨酸和精氨酸作为饲料中的诱食添加剂,具有平衡氨基酸、增强诱食性的双重功效,引诱小龙虾迅速摄食、缩短摄食时间、增加摄食量、减少饲料损失,从而达到提高饲料利用率的目的;同时配合高筋面粉,可以增强膨化沉性配合饲料的粘结性,有助于饲料的粘弹性,适口性较好,并使得饲料沉入水底,便于龙虾的底层摄食,延长膨化沉性配合饲料的耐水稳定性,耐水时间在3h以上,减少饲料浪费和小龙虾啃食饲料时产生的碎屑散失,减少饲料营养成分在水中的溶解及沉淀损失,减少营养成分溶失,从源头减少养殖的排放污物,减少对养殖水体的污染。
在对饲料的制备过程中,粉碎工艺上采用二次粉碎,将饲料粉碎得更细,提高饲料消化率,还能使不同饲料组分的微粒分布得更均匀,使淀粉等粘结性组分有更多的机会与其它组分接触,更好地发挥其粘结作用,改善提高饲料的水凝固性、熟化程度,减少因在水中溶解造成的浪费,提高饲料的利用率。
将部分的诱食剂、羟丙甲纤维素和促进剂先与部分饲料混合,再加入另一部分饲料,最后加入另一部分的诱食剂、羟丙甲纤维素和阻滞剂,带有阻滞剂的诱食剂位于饲料的外层,带有促进剂的诱食剂位于饲料的内层,形成多层饲料诱食结构;通过阻滞剂限制羟丙甲纤维素的快速溶解,降低诱食剂的前期释放速率,通过促进剂加速羟丙甲纤维素的溶剂,从而加快诱食剂的释放,克服控释后期诱食剂释放动力不足的缺陷,使得饲料在前期和后期均能较好地吸引小龙虾。
将微量元素和复合维生素的添加到最后,减少混合机的残留,避免因受到热加工而引起的损失,可以更准确控制微量元素和复合维生素,提高产品质量,降低成本。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
实施例1。
小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料,包括以下重量配比的原料:植物蛋白粉3-8份、大豆粕35-45、菜粕25-35份、高筋面粉5-12 份、鱼油2-6份、复合维生素1-3份、微量元素1-3份、诱食剂0.5-1.5 份。
所述微量元素包括磷酸二氢钙、硫酸亚铁、柠檬酸铁、磷酸二氢钠、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、氯化钠和氯化钾。
所述复合维生素包括硫胺素B1、核黄素、烟酰胺、生物素、1 泛酸钙、维生素B6、叶酸、维生素C、对氨基苯甲酸、维生素A和维生素E。
所述诱食剂包括乌贼膏、精氨酸和赖氨酸。
根据上述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
a、将植物蛋白粉、大豆粕、菜粕和高筋面粉混合,得A品;
b、将A品进行二次粉碎处理,将A品先进行粗粉碎,过40目过滤,再通过上下分布的若干排微型齿轮进行微粉碎,过300目过滤;处理后的饲料分成两部分,为B1品和B2品:
c、先向B1品中加入1/2诱食剂、羟丙甲纤维素和促进剂,促进剂包括生石灰、聚环氧乙烷,搅拌调质,再加入B2品,搅拌调质,最后加入1/2诱食剂、羟丙甲纤维素和阻滞剂,所述阻滞剂为乙基纤维素,搅拌调质,得C品;搅拌时,通过外搅拌杆和内搅拌杆进行双重反方向的搅拌,外搅拌杆的搅拌速度为大于内搅拌杆的搅拌速度。双重内外搅拌,搅拌更加充分,且外搅拌杆的搅拌速度为大于内搅拌杆的搅拌速度,使得材料外部的成分颗粒细腻,更进入到内部,从而保证内外成分统一。
d、向C品中添加微量元素和复合微生素,得D品;
e、将D品膨化,得膨化料为E品;
f、将E品通过密度仪控制饲料的密度大于水的密度,使所得饲料不膨化,不产生气孔,得沉性膨化料,为F品;
g、将F品烘干、喷油、冷却、过筛,喷油具体为,将烘干后的饲料放入滚筒内,将鱼油加热雾化,旋转式喷到翻滚的饲料上,鱼油的喷洒量为饲料重量的4%,得成品。旋转式喷到翻滚的饲料上,喷洒更加均匀,节省材料。
制得的成品经成分检测后,保证了每一份饲料的成分都在表1 的范围内。
表1饲料成分检测含量表
实施例2。
小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料,包括以下重量配比的原料:植物蛋白粉5份、大豆粕40份、菜粕30份、高筋面粉8份、鱼油4份、复合维生素2份、微量元素2份、诱食剂1份。
所述微量元素按照质量份数计,包括磷酸二氢钙12份、硫酸亚铁1份、柠檬酸铁4份、磷酸二氢钠4份、硫酸钾16份、硫酸镁4 份、氯化钠3份和氯化钾7份。
所述复合维生素按照质量份数计,包括5份硫胺素B1、8份核黄素、26份烟酰胺、1份生物素、15份泛酸钙、3份维生素B6、5份叶酸、121份维生素C、30份对氨基苯甲酸、25份维生素A和50份维生素E。
所述诱食剂包括乌贼膏、精氨酸和赖氨酸。
根据上述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料的制备工艺,包括如下步骤:
a、将植物蛋白粉、大豆粕、菜粕和高筋面粉混合,得A品;
b、将A品进行二次粉碎处理,将A品先进行粗粉碎,过40目过滤,再通过上下分布的若干排微型齿轮进行微粉碎,过300目过滤;处理后的饲料分成两部分,为B1品和B2品:
c、先向B1品中加入1/2诱食剂、羟丙甲纤维素和促进剂,促进剂包括生石灰、聚环氧乙烷,搅拌调质,再加入B2品,搅拌调质,最后加入1/2诱食剂、羟丙甲纤维素和阻滞剂,所述阻滞剂为乙基纤维素,搅拌调质,得C品;搅拌时,通过外搅拌杆和内搅拌杆进行双重反方向的搅拌,外搅拌杆的搅拌速度为大于内搅拌杆的搅拌速度。
d、向C品中添加微量元素和复合微生素,得D品;
e、将D品膨化,得膨化料为E品;
f、将E品通过密度仪控制饲料的密度大于水的密度,使所得饲料不膨化,不产生气孔,得沉性膨化料,为F品;
g、将F品烘干、喷油、冷却、过筛,喷油具体为,将烘干后的饲料放入滚筒内,将鱼油加热雾化,旋转式喷到翻滚的饲料上,鱼油的喷洒量为饲料重量的4%,得成品。
上述成品经成分分析检测,检测结果如表2所示。
表2饲料成分检测含量表
成分种类 | 实际检测值(%) |
粗蛋白质 | 30.41 |
粗灰分 | 8.66 |
粗脂肪 | 8.15 |
水分 | 10.39 |
饲料的使用方法:
1、均匀泼洒,可干喂,也可以加少量清水和添加物软化后再喂;
2、每日投喂3次,每天投喂量为龙虾体重的2-4%
3、少量多餐,每次喂食在两小时内完成。
饲料的储存条件和方法:
1、储存于通风、干燥处,防止高温、日晒;
2、启封后尽快用完或将袋口扎紧,以免受潮变质。
保质期90天。
Claims (10)
1.小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料,其特征在于:包括以下重量配比的原料:植物蛋白粉3-8份、大豆粕35-45、菜粕25-35份、高筋面粉5-12份、鱼油2-6份、复合维生素1-3份、微量元素1-3份、诱食剂0.5-1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料,其特征在于:包括以下重量配比的原料:植物蛋白粉5份、大豆粕40份、菜粕30份、高筋面粉8份、鱼油4份、复合维生素2份、微量元素2份、诱食剂1份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料,其特征在于:所述微量元素包括磷酸二氢钙、硫酸亚铁、柠檬酸铁、磷酸二氢钠、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、氯化钠和氯化钾。
4.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料,其特征在于:所述复合维生素包括硫胺素B1、核黄素、烟酰胺、生物素、泛酸钙、维生素B6、叶酸、维生素C、对氨基苯甲酸、维生素A和维生素E。
5.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料,其特征在于:所述诱食剂包括乌贼膏、精氨酸和赖氨酸。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一条权利要求所述的小龙虾高吸收环保型膨化沉性配合饲料的制备工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
a、将植物蛋白粉、大豆粕、菜粕和高筋面粉混合,得A品;
b、将A品进行二次粉碎处理,处理后的饲料分成两部分,为B1品和B2品:
c、先向B1品中加入1/2诱食剂、羟丙甲纤维素和促进剂,搅拌调质,再加入B2品,搅拌调质,最后加入1/2诱食剂、羟丙甲纤维素和阻滞剂,搅拌调质,得C品;
d、向C品中添加微量元素和复合微生素,得D品;
e、将D品膨化,得膨化料为E品;
f、将E品通过密度仪控制饲料的密度大于水的密度,使所得饲料不膨化,不产生气孔,得沉性膨化料,为F品;
g、将F品烘干、喷油、冷却、过筛,得成品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤b中,二次粉碎具体为将A品先进行粗粉碎,过40目过滤,再通过上下分布的若干排微型齿轮进行微粉碎,过300目过滤。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤c中,促进剂包括生石灰、聚环氧乙烷;所述阻滞剂为乙基纤维素。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤c中,搅拌时,通过外搅拌杆和内搅拌杆进行双重反方向的搅拌,外搅拌杆的搅拌速度为大于内搅拌杆的搅拌速度。
10.根据权利要求6所述的制备工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤g中,喷油具体为,将烘干后的饲料放入滚筒内,将鱼油加热雾化,旋转式喷到翻滚的饲料上,鱼油的喷洒量为饲料重量的4%。
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