CN110905747B - Combined power cycle power generation system utilizing high-temperature solar energy and LNG cold energy - Google Patents
Combined power cycle power generation system utilizing high-temperature solar energy and LNG cold energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN110905747B CN110905747B CN201911180475.2A CN201911180475A CN110905747B CN 110905747 B CN110905747 B CN 110905747B CN 201911180475 A CN201911180475 A CN 201911180475A CN 110905747 B CN110905747 B CN 110905747B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/064—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a gas turbine cycle, i.e. compressor and gas turbine combination
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
- F01K25/065—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids with an absorption fluid remaining at least partly in the liquid state, e.g. water for ammonia
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract
A combined power cycle power generation system utilizing high-temperature solar energy and LNG cold energy comprises a tower type concentrating solar heat collector heat collection cycle and S-CO2Then compressing the processes of Brayton cycle, kalina cycle and natural gas direct expansion; the invention enables the high-temperature molten salt to absorb heat from the solar heat absorber and transfer the heat to S-CO through the light-gathering solar heat collection circulation in daytime2Then the Brayton cycle system is compressed to generate power, the waste heat discharged by the Brayton cycle system is stored, and the waste heat is provided for the kalina cycle power generation at night; the problem of solar energy time distribution inequality is solved, the difficulty of high-temperature heat storage is avoided, LNG cold energy is recycled, the loss of cold energy is avoided, the efficiency of a combined power generation system can be effectively improved, and the solar energy combined power generation system has the advantages of compact structure, flexibility in control, high efficiency, energy conservation, low cost and high practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power generation system, in particular to a combined power cycle power generation system utilizing high-temperature solar energy and LNG cold energy.
Background
Solar energy is taken as a renewable new energy source, and becomes one of important choices for dealing with energy shortage, climate change, energy conservation and emission reduction at present. For high temperature heat sources, S-CO2The (supercritical carbon dioxide) Brayton cycle has the advantages of small volume, high thermal efficiency, safety, environmental protection and the like, and is the next generation of solar photothermal powerThe most potential form of thermodynamic cycle in electrical systems. But this technique is limited by the non-uniformity of the solar energy distribution over time.
LNG (liquefied natural gas) needs to be heated and gasified by a gasifier into normal-temperature natural gas for users to use. LNG releases a large amount of cold energy during the gasification process. The part of cold energy is effectively recycled, and huge economic benefit can be generated. Kalina cycle with ammonia-water mixtures as working media has significant advantages in medium and low temperature heat energy utilization. In the kalina cycle, the heat absorption and evaporation process of the ammonia-water mixture is a temperature change process, so that the heat release process of a heat source can be better matched with the heat absorption process curve of the mixed working medium, the irreversible loss in the heat release process is reduced to the maximum extent, and the heat energy utilization efficiency is improved. The LNG can be used as a cold source of the kalina cycle to further improve the power generation efficiency, but the utilization rate of the LNG cold energy is not high. The natural gas direct expansion power generation technology has the advantages of simple process, low cost and the like, but can only utilize the pressure energy of LNG and has the defect of low utilization rate of cold energy.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a combined power cycle power generation system using high temperature solar and LNG cold energy, which uses S-CO2The cycle, kalina cycle and natural gas direct expansion power generation technology is applied to the fields of solar photo-thermal power generation and LNG cold energy utilization, the problem of uneven solar time distribution is solved, meanwhile, the difficulty of high-temperature heat storage is avoided, the power generation efficiency can be improved, and the photo-thermal power generation cost is greatly reduced; meanwhile, LNG cold energy is utilized in a cascade mode, so that the loss of the cold energy is avoided, and the heat efficiency and the power generation efficiency of the combined power generation system are effectively improved; the device has the advantages of compact structure, flexible control, high efficiency, energy conservation, low cost and strong practicability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a combined power cycle power generation system utilizing high-temperature solar energy and LNG cold energy comprises a tower type concentrating solar heat collection cycle and S-CO2Recompression mineA dune cycle, a kalina cycle and a natural gas direct expansion process;
the tower type concentrating solar heat collection cycle comprises a heliostat 23, the heliostat 23 absorbs sunlight and transfers heat to a heat absorber 22, a working medium outlet side of the heat absorber 22 is communicated with a working medium inlet side of a pump 21, a working medium outlet side of the pump 21 is communicated with a heat flow inlet side of a third heat exchanger 20, and a heat flow outlet side of the third heat exchanger 20 is communicated with a working medium inlet side of the heat absorber 22;
said S-CO2The recompression Brayton cycle system comprises a main compressor 14, wherein an air outlet of the main compressor 14 is communicated with an air inlet of a low-temperature heat regenerator 16, an air outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 16 and an air outlet of a recompressor 15 are connected to a cold flow inlet side of a high-temperature heat regenerator 17 through a first mixer 18, a cold flow air outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 17 is communicated with a cold flow air inlet of a third heat exchanger 20, and a cold flow air outlet of the third heat exchanger 20 is communicated with an S-CO2The inlet of the turboexpander 19 is communicated with S-CO2The air outlet of the turboexpander 19 is communicated with the heat flow inlet of the high-temperature regenerator 17, the heat flow air outlet of the high-temperature regenerator 17 is communicated with the heat flow air inlet of the low-temperature regenerator 16, the heat flow air outlet of the low-temperature regenerator 16 is connected with the heat flow inlet side of the first heat exchanger 9, the heat flow outlet side of the first heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the air inlet of the three-way valve 13, the first air outlet of the three-way valve 13 is connected into the heat flow air inlet of the precooler 12, the heat flow air outlet of the precooler 12 is communicated with the air inlet of the main compressor 14, and the second air outlet of the three-way;
the kalina circulation system comprises an ammonia water pump 8, a working medium outlet side of the ammonia water pump 8 is connected with a cold flow inlet side of a first heat exchanger 9, the cold flow outlet side of the first heat exchanger 9 is connected to a working medium inlet side of a separator 10, a gas phase outlet end of the separator 10 is communicated with a gas inlet of an ammonia gas turboexpander 11, a gas outlet of the ammonia gas turboexpander 11 is communicated with a gas inlet of a condenser 3, a liquid phase outlet end of the separator 10 is communicated with a heat flow inlet end of a second heat exchanger 5, a heat flow outlet side of the second heat exchanger 5 is connected with a throttle valve 6, and the heat flow outlet side of the condenser 3 and an outlet of the throttle valve 6 are connected to an inlet side of the ammonia water pump 8;
the direct natural gas expansion process comprises an LNG storage tank 1, the LNG storage tank 1 is connected with an LNG pump 2, the LNG pump 2 is connected to a cold flow inlet side of a condenser 3, a cold flow outlet side of the condenser 3 is communicated with a cold flow inlet side of a second heat exchanger 5, a cold flow outlet side of the second heat exchanger 5 is communicated with an air inlet of a turboexpander 4, and an air outlet of the turboexpander 4 is connected with a cold flow inlet side of a precooler 12.
The S-CO2The recycling medium in the recompression Brayton cycle is S-CO2。
And the circulating medium in the kalina cycle is an ammonia water mixture.
And the cold source medium in the condenser 3 is LNG.
The cold flow outlet side of the precooler 12 is connected directly to a user or a business.
The invention introduces LNG into S-CO2Recompression Brayton cycle, S-CO utilizing medium-high temperature thermal energy of solar energy2The recompression Brayton cycle is combined with the kalina cycle which uses LNG as a cold source, so that high-temperature heat energy in solar energy is fully utilized, and LNG cold energy is recovered, thereby improving the heat efficiency and the power generation efficiency of the whole system; adopt light-concentrating solar collector to obtain high temperature heat, can effectual assurance system safe operation under higher thermal-arrest temperature, ensure that the whole higher thermal efficiency that has of system. The invention mainly depends on S-CO in daytime2The solar energy and LNG cold energy hybrid power generation system has the advantages of compact structure, flexible control, high efficiency, energy conservation, low cost and strong practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an LNG storage tank; 2. an LNG pump; 3. a condenser; 4. a turbo expander; 5. a second heat exchanger; 6. a throttle valve; 7. a second mixer; 8. an ammonia pump; 9. a first heat exchanger; 10. a separator;11. an ammonia gas turboexpander; 12. a precooler; 13. a tee joint device; 14. a main compressor; 15. then compressing the mixture; 16. a low temperature regenerator; 17. a high temperature regenerator; 18. a first mixer; 19. S-CO2A turbo expander; 20. a third heat exchanger; 21. a pump; 22. a heat sink; 23. a heliostat.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the combined power cycle power generation system using high temperature solar energy and LNG cold energy includes a tower type concentrating solar heat collection cycle, S-CO2Then compressing the Brayton cycle, the kalina cycle and the natural gas direct expansion process;
the tower type concentrating solar heat collection cycle comprises a heliostat 23, the heliostat 23 absorbs sunlight and transfers heat to a heat absorber 22, a working medium outlet side of the heat absorber 22 is communicated with a working medium inlet side of a pump 21, a working medium outlet side of the pump 21 is communicated with a heat flow inlet side of a third heat exchanger 20, and a heat flow outlet side of the third heat exchanger 20 is communicated with a working medium inlet side of the heat absorber 22;
said S-CO2The recompression Brayton cycle system comprises a main compressor 14, wherein an air outlet of the main compressor 14 is communicated with an air inlet of a low-temperature heat regenerator 16, an air outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator 16 and an air outlet of a recompressor 15 are connected to a cold flow inlet side of a high-temperature heat regenerator 17 through a first mixer 18, a cold flow air outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator 17 is communicated with a cold flow air inlet of a third heat exchanger 20, and a cold flow air outlet of the third heat exchanger 20 is communicated with an S-CO2The inlet of the turboexpander 19 is communicated with S-CO2The air outlet of the turboexpander 19 is communicated with the heat flow inlet of the high-temperature regenerator 17, the heat flow outlet of the high-temperature regenerator 17 is communicated with the heat flow inlet of the low-temperature regenerator 16, the heat flow outlet of the low-temperature regenerator 16 is connected with the heat flow inlet of the first heat exchanger 9, the heat flow outlet of the first heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the air inlet of the three-way valve 13, the first air outlet of the three-way valve 13 is connected with the heat flow inlet of the precooler 12, the heat flow outlet of the precooler 12 is communicated with the air inlet of the main compressor 14, and the second air outlet of the three-wayInto the inlet of the recompressor 15;
the kalina circulation system comprises an ammonia water pump 8, a working medium outlet side of the ammonia water pump 8 is connected with a cold flow inlet side of a first heat exchanger 9, the cold flow outlet side of the first heat exchanger 9 is connected to a working medium inlet side of a separator 10, a gas phase outlet end of the separator 10 is communicated with a gas inlet of an ammonia gas turboexpander 11, a gas outlet of the ammonia gas turboexpander 11 is communicated with a gas inlet of a condenser 3, a liquid phase outlet end of the separator 10 is communicated with a heat flow inlet end of a second heat exchanger 5, a heat flow outlet side of the second heat exchanger 5 is connected with a throttle valve 6, and the heat flow outlet side of the condenser 3 and an outlet of the throttle valve 6 are connected to an inlet side of the ammonia water pump 8;
the direct natural gas expansion process comprises an LNG storage tank 1, the LNG storage tank 1 is connected with an LNG pump 2, the LNG pump 2 is connected to a cold flow inlet side of a condenser 3, a cold flow outlet side of the condenser 3 is communicated with a cold flow inlet side of a second heat exchanger 5, a cold flow outlet side of the second heat exchanger 5 is communicated with an air inlet of a turboexpander 4, and an air outlet of the turboexpander 4 is connected with a cold flow inlet side of a precooler 12.
The S-CO2The recycling medium in the recompression Brayton cycle is S-CO2。
And the circulating medium in the kalina cycle is an ammonia water mixture.
And the cold source medium in the condenser 3 is LNG.
The outlet side of the precooler 12 is directly connected to a user or a business.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the heliostat 23 in the tower concentrating solar collector cycle absorbs sunlight and transfers heat to the heat absorber 22, the molten salt absorbs heat from the tower solar heat absorber 22, and S-CO2Exchanges heat with high-temperature molten salt in a third heat exchanger 20 and is heated to high-temperature and high-pressure S-CO2High temperature and high pressure S-CO2The Brayton cycle turboexpander 19 is used for doing work to generate power, and the S-CO after doing work2Enters a high-temperature heat regenerator 17 for constant-pressure heat release to heat the S-CO at the low-temperature side2Then enters a low-temperature heat regenerator 16 for constant pressure heat release; after passing through the low temperature regenerator 16, S-CO2Enters the first heat exchanger 9 to transfer the waste heat to kalina circulation, and a part of S-CO passes through the first heat exchanger 92Is divided in a three-way valve 13 and directly enters a recompression compressor 15 for adiabatic compression, and the other part of S-CO2Pre-cooling in a pre-cooler 12, and cooling the S-CO in the pre-cooler 122Enters a main compressor 14 to be pressurized and has high pressure S-CO2The low temperature regenerator 16 entering the brayton cycle absorbs heat and the S-CO flowing from the low temperature regenerator 162With S-CO at the outlet of the recompressor 152The mixture in the first mixer 18 enters a high-temperature heat regenerator 17 for constant pressure heat absorption, and then exchanges heat with the heated high-temperature molten salt again to finish the whole S-CO2Recompressing the Brayton cycle; LNG in the storage tank 1 is pressurized by the LNG pump 2, enters the condenser 3 to cool the organic working medium, the condensed organic working medium is mixed with the other part of the organic working medium flowing out of the throttle valve 6 in the second mixer 7, enters the ammonia pump 8 to be pressurized, and the pressurized organic working medium and high-temperature S-CO in the first heat exchanger 92Heat exchange, then gas-liquid separation in a separator 10, gas phase in an ammonia gas turbo expander 11 for power generation, gas after power generation enters a condenser 3 again for condensation, waste heat in the liquid phase exchanges heat with LNG in a second heat exchanger 5, organic working medium after heat exchange enters a throttle valve 6, the organic working medium flowing out of the throttle valve 6 is mixed with the organic working medium cooled by the condenser 3 in a second mixer 7 again, and kalina cycle is completed; after LNG in the storage tank 1 is pressurized, the LNG is cooled by the condenser 3 to the organic working medium in the kalina cycle, then the LNG absorbs the waste heat of the liquid-phase working medium flowing out of the separator 10 by the second heat exchanger 5, and then the LNG enters the turbine expander 4 to expand the high-temperature and high-pressure natural gas for power generation, and finally the S-CO is subjected to expansion power generation in the precooler 122Precooling is carried out to complete the direct expansion process of the natural gas.
It should be understood that the above detailed description is only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and is not exhaustive, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above detailed description, a person of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A combined power cycle power generation system utilizing high-temperature solar energy and LNG cold energy comprises a tower type concentrating solar heat collection cycle and S-CO2Then compressing the Brayton cycle, the kalina cycle and the LNG direct expansion process; the method is characterized in that: the tower-type concentrating solar heat collection cycle comprises a heliostat (23), wherein the heliostat (23) absorbs sunlight and transfers heat to a heat absorber (22), a working medium outlet side of the heat absorber (22) is communicated with a working medium inlet side of a pump (21), a working medium outlet side of the pump (21) is communicated with a heat flow inlet side of a third heat exchanger (20), and a heat flow outlet side of the third heat exchanger (20) is communicated with a working medium inlet side of the heat absorber (22);
said S-CO2The recompression Brayton cycle system comprises a main compressor (14), wherein an air outlet of the main compressor (14) is communicated with an air inlet of a low-temperature heat regenerator (16), an air outlet of the low-temperature heat regenerator (16) and an air outlet of a recompressor (15) are connected to a cold flow inlet side of a high-temperature heat regenerator (17) through a first mixer (18), a cold flow air outlet of the high-temperature heat regenerator (17) is communicated with a cold flow air inlet of a third heat exchanger (20), and a cold flow air outlet of the third heat exchanger (20) is communicated with an S-CO2The air inlets of the turboexpanders (19) are communicated with each other, and S-CO2The air outlet of the turboexpander (19) is communicated with the heat flow air inlet of the high-temperature regenerator (17), the heat flow air outlet of the high-temperature regenerator (17) is communicated with the heat flow air inlet of the low-temperature regenerator (16), the heat flow air outlet of the low-temperature regenerator (16) is connected with the heat flow inlet side of the first heat exchanger (9), the heat flow outlet side of the first heat exchanger (9) is communicated with the air inlet of a tee joint device (13), the first air outlet of the tee joint device (13) is connected into the heat flow air inlet of a precooler (12), the heat flow air outlet of the precooler (12) is communicated with the air inlet of a main compressor (14), and the second air outlet of the tee joint device (13) is connected into the air inlet of a;
the kalina circulating system comprises an ammonia water pump (8), a working medium outlet side of the ammonia water pump (8) is connected with a cold flow inlet side of a first heat exchanger (9), the cold flow outlet side of the first heat exchanger (9) is connected into a working medium inlet side of a separator (10), a gas phase outlet end of the separator (10) is communicated with a gas inlet of an ammonia gas turboexpander (11), a gas outlet of the ammonia gas turboexpander (11) is communicated with a gas inlet of a condenser (3), a liquid phase outlet end of the separator (10) is communicated with a heat flow inlet end of a second heat exchanger (5), a heat flow outlet side of the second heat exchanger (5) is connected with a throttle valve (6), and heat flow of the condenser (3) and an outlet of the throttle valve (6) are connected into an inlet side of the ammonia water pump (8) through a second mixer (7);
the natural gas direct expansion process comprises an LNG storage tank (1), the LNG storage tank (1) is connected with an LNG pump (2), the LNG pump (2) is connected to a cold flow inlet side of a condenser (3), a cold flow outlet side of the condenser (3) is communicated with a cold flow inlet side of a second heat exchanger (5), a cold flow outlet side of the second heat exchanger (5) is communicated with an air inlet of a turboexpander (4), and an air outlet of the turboexpander (4) is connected with a cold flow inlet side of a precooler (12);
the S-CO2The recycling medium in the recompression Brayton cycle is S-CO2；
The circulating medium in the kalina cycle is an ammonia water mixture;
the cold source medium in the condenser (3) is LNG;
the outlet side of the precooler (12) is directly connected to a user or a business.
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| CN111577415B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2022-07-22 | 西安石油大学 | LNG light hydrocarbon separation coupling supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton organic Rankine combined cycle power generation system |
| CN112648031B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-07-22 | 西安石油大学 | BOG gas turbine, kalina and organic Rankine combined cycle power generation system utilizing LNG cold energy |
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