CN110901838B - Deep sea mineral buoyancy self-elevating lifting method - Google Patents
Deep sea mineral buoyancy self-elevating lifting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110901838B CN110901838B CN201911201266.1A CN201911201266A CN110901838B CN 110901838 B CN110901838 B CN 110901838B CN 201911201266 A CN201911201266 A CN 201911201266A CN 110901838 B CN110901838 B CN 110901838B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
- B63B27/16—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of lifts or hoists
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a deep-sea mineral buoyancy self-elevating lifting method, which comprises the following steps: step 100, establishing a four-pulley block closed transmission line between the seabed and the water surface; 200, respectively arranging a lifting cabin with a ballast cabin on two vertical transmission lines of the four-pulley-block closed transmission line, wherein the two lifting cabins are arranged in a vertically staggered manner; and 300, adjusting the water carrying capacity of the ballast tanks of the two lifting chambers to change the buoyancy of the two lifting chambers in the water, so that the two lifting chambers alternately move up and down under the change of the buoyancy and the interaction. According to the invention, the processing of minerals is not required, and the bulk minerals can be quickly lifted to the water surface by using the buoyancy change and interaction between the two lifting cabins.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of submarine mineral development, in particular to a deep-sea mineral buoyancy self-elevating lifting method.
Background
With the gradual depletion of mineral resources on land, the development of mineral resources in deep sea is gradually emphasized. The seabed is rich in a large amount of mineral resources such as manganese nodules, multi-metal sulfides, cobalt-rich crusts and the like, and has a large amount of rare metals, so that the development of the seabed mineral resources becomes an important force for supporting future economic, industrial and scientific development. At present, China totally obtains 5 exclusive exploration areas approved by a seabed management authority, develops deep sea mineral mining equipment, and enhances technical reserve, which is important work for supporting deep sea mining in China. The exploration shows that: most of manganese nodules on the deep sea plain are positioned at water depth of 4000-; the cobalt-rich crusts have the largest reserve in the Pacific ocean and the water depth of 800-. Therefore, the lifting of the submarine minerals to the water surface is an important research content for the mining of deep sea minerals.
Through decades of development, the currently more feasible deep sea mining can be divided into: a dragline mining method, a continuous rope bucket method, a pipeline hoisting method and a shuttle boat mining method. The trailer-type mining method cannot be controlled, the recovery rate is low, and continuous mining cannot be performed, so that the productivity is low. The continuous rope bucket method has the problem that the ropes are too close and are easy to wind. At present, pipeline lifting methods are the most studied, and certain sea tests are also developed. Although continuous production is possible with the pipe-lift method, the system has many limitations:
minerals need to be crushed to a small granularity and then can be conveyed to a water surface supporting system through hydraulic transportation, the energy consumption in the process of crushing the minerals is large, and the marine environment can be greatly polluted.
In this regard, particle erosion is a problem that is difficult to avoid in this system, especially erosion of lift pumps and lift lines is extremely severe; particles tend to clog on the lift pump, resulting in production downtime and even equipment failure; by hydraulic transport, the system is less efficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a buoyancy self-elevating type lifting method for deep-sea minerals, which aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, minerals can be transported to the water surface through water conservancy only by being crushed to a smaller granularity.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following:
in an aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided 1 a deep-sea mineral buoyancy self-elevating method, comprising the steps of:
step 100, establishing a four-pulley block closed transmission line between the seabed and the water surface;
200, respectively arranging a lifting cabin with a ballast cabin on two vertical transmission lines of the four-pulley-block closed transmission line, wherein the two lifting cabins are arranged in a vertically staggered manner;
and 300, adjusting the water carrying capacity of the ballast tanks of the two lifting chambers to change the buoyancy of the two lifting chambers in the water, so that the two lifting chambers alternately move up and down under the change of the buoyancy and the interaction.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the method for establishing the four-pulley-block closed transmission line comprises the following steps:
two pulley blocks are fixedly arranged on a carrier on the water surface, and two pulley blocks are correspondingly anchored and arranged on the seabed;
connecting one ends of two lifting cabins on two vertical transmission lines by using a polyester cable around two pulley blocks on the water surface;
one end of the polyester cable is connected to the lifting cabin on one of the vertical transmission lines, the other end of the polyester cable is connected to the remote-control unmanned submersible vehicle ROV, and the polyester cable passes through the two pulley sets on the seabed under the traction of the ROV and is connected to the lifting cabin on the other vertical transmission line.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the step 200 further includes: when one of the hoistways is located on the seabed, the other hoistway is located on the water surface and is in a unloading state.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the step 300 includes: recording two lifting cabins as a lifting cabin A and a lifting cabin B respectively;
when the ore is extracted, the ballast tank of the lifting cabin A is filled with water, and the lifting cabin A sinks to the seabed to be fixed and carries minerals;
removing water from the ballast tank of the lifting cabin A to enable the buoyancy of the cabin body to be larger than the gravity, simultaneously unloading the goods of the lifting cabin B, and loading full water in the ballast tank of the lifting cabin B;
the lifting cabin A quickly rises to the water surface under the action of buoyancy and/or the gravity of the lifting cabin B for unloading, and the lifting cabin B sinks to the seabed for loading minerals;
and the process is circulated.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the amount of the water-carrying capacity in the ballast tank of the lift tank is adjusted by a pressurizing pump.
The invention has no problems of erosion and blockage caused by particles and similar to the pipeline lifting system; 3.
through the ballast adjustment of the buoyancy tank, the minerals are lifted to the water surface by means of buoyancy, an additional power system is not needed for acting to lift the minerals, and the efficiency can be greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a buoyant jack-up bulk seafloor mineral lifting system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lift cabin according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method provided by an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
1-lifting a cabin; 2-a surface support vessel; 3-sea dredging well; 4-a water surface pulley block supporting seat; 5-the seabed; 6-a suction anchor; 7-a tension leg; 8-a submarine pulley block supporting seat; 9-a top guide pulley block; 10-a subsea guide pulley block; 11-polyester cable; 12-a sea floor positioning slot; 13-front door type crane; 14-rear gantry crane;
101-lifting lugs; 102-top curved door; 103-a cargo hold; 104-bottom curved door; 105-ballast tank; 106-ballast water import and export.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the invention provides a deep-sea mineral buoyancy self-elevating lifting method, comprising the following steps:
step 100, establishing a four-pulley block closed transmission line between the seabed and the water surface;
200, respectively arranging a lifting cabin with a ballast cabin on two vertical transmission lines of the four-pulley-block closed transmission line, wherein the two lifting cabins are arranged in a vertically staggered manner;
and 300, adjusting the water carrying capacity of the ballast tanks of the two lifting chambers to change the buoyancy of the two lifting chambers in the water, so that the two lifting chambers alternately move up and down under the change of the buoyancy and the interaction.
The method for establishing the four-pulley-block closed transmission line comprises the following steps:
two pulley blocks are fixedly arranged on a carrier on the water surface, and two pulley blocks are correspondingly anchored and arranged on the seabed;
connecting one ends of two lifting cabins on two vertical transmission lines by using a polyester cable around two pulley blocks on the water surface;
one end of the polyester cable is connected to the lifting cabin on one of the vertical transmission lines, the other end of the polyester cable is connected to the remote-control unmanned submersible vehicle ROV, and the polyester cable passes through the two pulley sets on the seabed under the traction of the ROV and is connected to the lifting cabin on the other vertical transmission line.
The step 200 further comprises: when one of the hoistways is located on the seabed, the other hoistway is located on the water surface and is in a unloading state.
The step 300 includes: recording two lifting cabins as a lifting cabin A and a lifting cabin B respectively;
when the ore is extracted, the ballast tank of the lifting cabin A is filled with water, and the lifting cabin A sinks to the seabed to be fixed and carries minerals;
removing water from the ballast tank of the lifting cabin A to enable the buoyancy of the cabin body to be larger than the gravity, simultaneously unloading the goods of the lifting cabin B, and loading full water in the ballast tank of the lifting cabin B;
the lifting cabin A quickly rises to the water surface under the action of buoyancy and/or the gravity of the lifting cabin B for unloading, and the lifting cabin B sinks to the seabed for loading minerals;
and the process is circulated.
The amount of water carried in the ballast tank of the lift tank is regulated by a booster pump.
Based on the method, the invention provides a buoyancy self-elevating type large seabed mineral lifting system which mainly comprises three parts, namely a water surface supporting system, an anchoring system and a lifting system, as shown in figures 1 and 2.
The water surface support system is arranged on the water surface and used for receiving minerals lifted to the water surface from the seabed, and specifically comprises a water surface support ship 2 floating on the water surface, a front portal crane 13 and a rear portal crane 14 which are arranged on the water surface support ship 2, two ends of the water surface support ship are provided with a sea through well 3, and one side of a well mouth of each sea through well 3, which is close to the center of the water surface support ship, is provided with a water surface pulley block support seat 4.
The front gantry crane 13 and the rear gantry crane 14 are mainly used for hoisting heavy objects such as minerals.
The anchoring system is mainly used for positioning a water surface support ship 2 of the water surface support system, so that the water surface support ship 2 and a submarine mining area are relatively stable, and mainly comprises a plurality of suction anchors 6 fixed at the bottom of a seabed 5 and a plurality of tension legs 7 fixed on the suction anchors 6, wherein the tension legs 7 are fixedly connected with the water surface support ship 2, and a submarine pulley block support seat 8 arranged corresponding to the water surface pulley block support seat 4 is fixed on the suction anchors 6.
Two tension legs 7 are generally provided for fixing the front and rear ends of the surface support vessel 2.
The lifting system is used for lifting the minerals to the water surface supporting system from the seabed, and two ends of the lifting body system are respectively arranged on the water surface supporting system and the seabed anchoring system; the lifting system comprises a transmission system arranged between the water surface support system and the seabed, and two lifting cabins 1 which move along the transmission system in an alternating manner under the action of buoyancy change, and the function of automatically lifting the lifting cabins 1 is realized mainly by changing the buoyancy of the two lifting cabins 1.
The transmission system comprises a top guide pulley block 9 arranged on a water surface pulley block supporting seat 4 and a seabed guide pulley block 10 arranged on a seabed pulley block supporting seat 8, two lifting cabins 1 are respectively arranged below the sea shafts 3 on two sides of the water surface supporting ship 2, one ends of the two lifting cabins 1 are connected by bypassing the outer side of the top guide pulley block 9 through polyester cables 11, the other ends of the two lifting cabins 1 are connected by bypassing the outer side of the seabed guide pulley block 10 through the polyester cables 11, the polyester cables 11 penetrate the sea shafts 3, and a lifting transport line is respectively formed below the sea shafts 3 on two sides of the water surface supporting ship 2.
A seabed positioning groove 12 is arranged at the position of the seabed pulley block supporting seat 8, and the shape of the top of the seabed positioning groove 12 is matched with the shape of the bottom of the lifting cabin 1 so as to position the lifting cabin 1 when the lifting cabin runs to the seabed.
When one of the lifting cabins is floated to the surface of the supporting ship 3 for unloading, the bottom of the other lifting cabin is just arranged in the positioning groove 12 on the seabed.
Four suction anchors 6 are arranged side by side, wherein the two suction anchors 6 on the inner side are used for installing the submarine pulley block supporting seat 8, and the two suction anchors 6 on the outer side are used for installing tension legs 7.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the shape of the lift chamber 1 is a capsule shape, that is, the upper and lower ends are ellipsoid shapes, which is mainly to improve hydrodynamic performance, reduce the fluid resistance of the lift chamber when the lift chamber passes through water, and increase the transportation speed.
Lifting lugs 101 connected with the polyester cable 11 are arranged at two ends of the lifting cabin 1, four arched mineral inlets are arranged at the top of the lifting cabin 1, top arc doors 102 capable of sliding along the lifting cabin 1 in the circumferential direction are arranged on the arched mineral inlets, four cargo bins 103 are arranged on the lifting cabin 1, a cargo outlet is arranged at the top of the cargo bins 103, bottom arc doors 104 are arranged on the cargo outlet, the bottom of the cargo bins 103 are arranged in an outward inclining manner, when the lifting cabin 1 is lifted to a water surface supporting ship 3 for unloading, cargo can directly slide out under the action of gravity due to no water pressure, ballast tanks 105 are arranged in the lifting cabin 1, ballast water 106 communicated with the ballast tanks 105 is arranged at the bottom of the lifting cabin 1, and the cabin bodies of the two lifting cabins are made to be positive buoyancy or negative buoyancy through ballast adjustment, thereby achieving the purpose of floating or submerging.
For convenience of explanation, the right hand hoist in fig. 1 is designated as hoist a and the left hand hoist B.
When the mine is lifted, the top of the lifting cabin A is connected with a high-strength polyester cable 11, the high-strength polyester cable is sunk into the seabed under ballasting condition and is placed on the seabed positioning groove 10, and the lifting cabin A is fixed by a clamping device.
The left end of the high-strength polyester cable connected with the top of the lifting cabin A is connected with the top of the lifting cabin B, the high-strength polyester cable at the bottom of the lifting cabin A passes through the seabed positioning groove 12 under the traction of the ROV, bypasses the seabed guide pulley block 10 and is connected with the lifting lug at the bottom of the lifting cabin B, and then the high-strength polyester cable 4 is in a tensioning state through a winch system of the water surface support ship 3.
After the hoisting cabin A is filled with large mineral blocks, seawater in the ballast tank 24 is removed through a pressurizing pump in the cabin, so that the buoyancy of the cabin body of the hoisting cabin A is larger than the gravity, meanwhile, the goods of the hoisting cabin B are unloaded (no load during first installation), and water is pressurized and loaded in the ballast tank, so that the gravity is larger than the buoyancy.
Subsequently, the gripping means are disengaged and the lift compartment B will submerge under gravity with the empty ballast compartment and the lift compartment a will float under buoyancy with the loaded bin. Due to the combined action of the effective gravity and the effective buoyancy, the lifting cabin A can quickly float to the water surface, and the lifting cabin B can quickly submerge to the seabed.
And when the lifting cabin A and the lifting cabin B are close to the designated parking points, the speed is reduced through the winch system. After the lifting cabin A rises to the water surface to support the ship, the bottom arc-shaped door is opened, minerals are automatically unloaded under the action of gravity through the inclined panel at the bottom of the cargo cabin, and water is pressurized and loaded into the ballast tank after the minerals are unloaded.
And simultaneously, after the ballast tank of the lifting chamber B reaches the seabed, the top arc-shaped door is opened, minerals are added into the cargo hold, and during the period, the seawater in the ballast tank is discharged through the high-pressure pump, so that the buoyancy of the lifting chamber is larger than the gravity. Because the clamping device acts at the moment, the lifting cabin can not float upwards, and when the goods are full, the clamping device is loosened, and the lifting cabin can float upwards.
Specifically, taking a cylindrical steel buoyancy chamber with the diameter of 6m, the height of 10m and the wall thickness of 10mm as an example, if 4 cylindrical cargo carrying chambers with the diameter of 2m and the height of 10m are designed on the buoyancy chamber, the single effective carrying capacity can exceed 130 tons, the size of the buoyancy chamber can be increased if necessary, the effective carrying capacity can be greatly increased, and the effective carrying capacity can also be further increased by adopting a polymer material.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (2)
1. The deep sea mineral buoyancy self-elevating type lifting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, establishing a four-pulley block closed transmission line between the seabed and the water surface;
200, respectively arranging a lifting cabin with a ballast cabin on two vertical transmission lines of the four-pulley-block closed transmission line, wherein the two lifting cabins are arranged in a vertically staggered manner, and when one lifting cabin is positioned on the seabed, the other lifting cabin is positioned on the water surface and is in a discharging state;
step 300, adjusting the water carrying capacity of the ballast tanks of the two lifting chambers to change the buoyancy of the two lifting chambers in water, so that the two lifting chambers alternately move up and down under the change of the buoyancy and the interaction;
recording two lifting cabins as a lifting cabin A and a lifting cabin B respectively;
when the ore is extracted, the ballast tank of the lifting cabin A is filled with water, and the lifting cabin A sinks to the seabed to be fixed and carries minerals;
removing water from the ballast tank of the lifting cabin A to enable the buoyancy of the cabin body to be larger than the gravity, simultaneously unloading the goods of the lifting cabin B, and loading full water in the ballast tank of the lifting cabin B;
the lifting cabin A quickly rises to the water surface under the action of buoyancy and/or the gravity of the lifting cabin B for unloading, and the lifting cabin B sinks to the seabed for loading minerals;
the circulation is carried out;
the method for establishing the four-pulley-block closed transmission line comprises the following steps:
two pulley blocks are fixedly arranged on a carrier on the water surface, and two pulley blocks are correspondingly anchored and arranged on the seabed;
connecting one ends of two lifting cabins on two vertical transmission lines by using a polyester cable around two pulley blocks on the water surface;
one end of a polyester cable is connected to a lifting cabin on one of the vertical transmission lines, the other end of the polyester cable is connected to a remote-control unmanned submersible vehicle (ROV), and the polyester cable passes through two pulley sets on the sea bottom under the traction of the ROV and is connected to the other vertical transmission line to be connected with the lifting cabin;
wherein, both ends of the lifting cabin (1) are provided with lifting lugs (101) connected with the polyester cable (11), the top of the lifting cabin (1) is provided with four arched mineral inlets, the arched mineral inlets are provided with top arc doors (102) capable of sliding along the lifting cabin (1) in the circumferential direction, the lifting cabin (1) is provided with four cargo holds (103), the bottom of the cargo holds (103) is provided with a cargo outlet, the cargo outlet is provided with bottom arc doors (104), the bottom of the cargo holds (103) is arranged in an outward inclined manner, when the lifting cabin (1) is lifted to a water surface support ship (3) for unloading, the cargo can directly slide out under the action of gravity due to no water pressure, a ballast tank (105) is arranged in the lifting cabin (1), the bottom of the lifting cabin (1) is provided with a ballast water inlet and outlet (106) communicated with the ballast tank (105), the ballast adjustment makes the cabin bodies of the two lifting cabins (1) present positive buoyancy or negative buoyancy, thereby achieving the purpose of floating or submerging.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of water carried in the ballast tank of the lift tank is regulated by a booster pump.
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| CN201911201266.1A CN110901838B (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Deep sea mineral buoyancy self-elevating lifting method |
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| CN201911201266.1A CN110901838B (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Deep sea mineral buoyancy self-elevating lifting method |
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| CN114750905A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-07-15 | 深圳海兰云数据中心科技有限公司 | Buoyancy device for self-sinking and self-floating of underwater data cabin and seabed IDC system |
| CN113799929B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-06-24 | 华北电力大学 | Telescopic buoyancy cabin and submarine mineral lifting system |
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| US4226035A (en) * | 1977-10-25 | 1980-10-07 | Nakaji Saito | Apparatus for continuously dredging submarine mineral deposit |
| RU2208164C2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2003-07-10 | Архипов Михаил Николаевич | Plant for concretion mining |
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| CN106082053A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-11-09 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of multiple-unit underwater vertical transportation system |
| CN106460509A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2017-02-22 | 诺蒂勒斯矿物新加坡有限公司 | Seafloor haulage system |
| CN108718210A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-10-30 | 国家***第海洋研究所 | A kind of arctic ice sheet communication platform |
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| US4226035A (en) * | 1977-10-25 | 1980-10-07 | Nakaji Saito | Apparatus for continuously dredging submarine mineral deposit |
| RU2208164C2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2003-07-10 | Архипов Михаил Николаевич | Plant for concretion mining |
| CN105579659A (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2016-05-11 | Ihc荷兰Ie有限公司 | Subsea container transport system for deep-sea mining |
| CN106460509A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2017-02-22 | 诺蒂勒斯矿物新加坡有限公司 | Seafloor haulage system |
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