CN110896818A - Bletilla seedling and standardized cultivation method - Google Patents
Bletilla seedling and standardized cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110896818A CN110896818A CN201911255944.2A CN201911255944A CN110896818A CN 110896818 A CN110896818 A CN 110896818A CN 201911255944 A CN201911255944 A CN 201911255944A CN 110896818 A CN110896818 A CN 110896818A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method, which is mainly used for selecting seeds and breeding by controlling seedling emergence time and matrix types according to the biological characteristics of bletilla striata. The optimum seedling exposing time of the medium-cultivated seedlings is 30d, the volume ratio of a substrate suitable for domestication growth of the medium-cultivated seedlings is 35-45% of mountain base soil, 30-32% of humus, 22-24% of sawdust and 12-14% of broken melon seed shells, the cultivation method comprises the steps of selecting land, applying base fertilizer, soil preparation, ridge digging, seed selection and propagation, field management, intercropping, shading and cold protection, and finally harvesting and processing. The seedling culture method can better solve the problems of low survival rate, easy seedling dumping and long domestication period, and can provide high-quality seedlings for subsequent large-scale planting. And the subsequent cultivation method has good pest control effect, high yield and high quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation and planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a bletilla seedling and standardized cultivation method.
Background
Bletilla striata belongs to a terrestrial type perennial herb of bletilla striata of the family orchid, also named as bletilla striata, maguey, etc., and is taken as a medicament by dry tubers, has the effects of detumescence, granulation promotion, astringency and hemostasis, and is used for treating hemoptysis, hematemesis, chapped skin, pyocutaneous disease and pyogenic infections, etc. In recent years, with the use of large quantities of bletilla striata decoction pieces, the demand of bletilla striata in the market is increasing. However, due to the special physiological characteristics of bletilla striata, the growth and propagation in the wild environment can not meet the market demand, and the exploitation of bletilla striata can easily destroy the wild environment, so that the artificial planting technology of bletilla striata becomes the key point for development and research. In the traditional bletilla striata planting technology in China, seed sources of bletilla striata are all harvested and dug wild bletilla striata families, and then plant division propagation is carried out. Due to the high asexual generation number, the propagation method is easy to cause variation and degeneration of bletilla striata seed sources, and has the series problems of low coefficient, susceptibility to diseases, easy rotting of pseudobulbs, long harvesting period, low yield and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method, which responds to the problems in the background art.
The invention aims to cultivate high-quality bletilla striata seedlings by controlling the seedling exposing time and the type of a matrix and matching with a subsequent cultivation technology to meet the planting requirement of high yield and high quality of bletilla striata.
As a further scheme of the invention: the shell of semen Cucurbitae can be selected from walnut shell. Badam shell, etc.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the seedling raising process, the bottle seedlings can be moved out of a laboratory firstly, and after the seedlings are hardened for 1-2 weeks in indoor natural light, the bottle caps are opened to harden the seedlings for 2-3 days.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the aseptic seeding, the related tools are washed with aseptic water, and the substrate table is soaked in the potassium permanganate solution for 1-2 min for disinfection treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-quality bletilla striata seedlings are cultivated by controlling the seedling exposing time and the type of the matrix, and the subsequent cultivation technology is matched.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the implementation process of the present invention for solving the technical problems and achieving the technical effects by applying technical means can be fully understood and implemented.
Example 1
A bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: the humus soil or sandy loam which is cool, warm and moist and has loose texture, good water drainage and fertile soil is preferably selected. Before planting, the selected area needs to be ploughed and finished, ploughed deeply and ploughed, and the land is ploughed deeply by at least 22 cm.
(2) Applying a base fertilizer: selecting decomposed farmyard manure, wherein the using amount of the decomposed farmyard manure is about 0.8kg/m 2.
(3) Soil preparation and ridge digging: the furrow height is 0.25m, the width is 1.5m, the hole is opened for planting, the row spacing is 23cm, and the plant spacing is 23 cm.
(4) Seed selection and propagation: seeds in 5-month embryo-aged uncracked pods were selected for seed selection and induced using minimal medium. After the inoculated seeds are put into a culture room with the temperature of 28 ℃ for culture for 1 week, the seeds are moved into a greenhouse when sprouting, and the conditions are that the illumination is 14h/d and the air humidity is 70-80%. The optimal seedling exposing time for seedling culture is 30d, the volume ratio of a substrate suitable for domestication and growth of the seedling culture is 42% of mountain base soil, 28% of humus, 22% of sawdust, 8% of broken melon seed shells, and a disinfectant is thiophanate methyl or chlorothalonil; the rooting agent is rich in roots, and the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. And cultivating for later use.
(5) Field management: intertillage weeding is carried out 4 times per year, the 1 st weeding period is 3-4 months after seedling emergence, the 2 nd weeding period is 6 months, the 3 rd weeding period is 7 months, the two weeding periods are all in a vigorous growth period, and the 4 th weeding period is 8-10 months. And (3) topdressing is carried out for 1 year, and other intertillage weeding is carried out along with topdressing except that topdressing is not needed for 3 rd intertillage weeding.
(6) And (5) pest control is carried out. During pest control, attention should be paid to soil humidity during growth of bletilla striata, timely drainage and waterlogging prevention are achieved, and soil can not be accumulated for a long time; for the common leaf spot gray mold, 75% of chlorothalonil wettable 600-fold liquid can be generally sprayed on diseased plants to reduce the diseases.
(7) Carrying out intercropping and shading and cold proofing: the timber piles and the shading nets for building the shade shed need to be carefully selected. And (5) erecting and fixing, and managing water.
(8) And finally harvesting and processing.
Example 2
A bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: the humus soil or sandy loam which is cool, warm and moist and has loose texture, good water drainage and fertile soil is preferably selected. Before planting, the selected area needs to be ploughed and finished, ploughed deeply and ploughed, and the land is ploughed deeply by at least 25 cm.
(2) Applying a base fertilizer: selecting decomposed farmyard manure, wherein the using amount of the decomposed farmyard manure is about 0.8kg/m 2.
(3) Soil preparation and ridge digging: the furrow height is 0.25m, the width is 1.5m, the hole is opened for planting, the row spacing is 35cm, and the plant spacing is 24 cm.
(4) Seed selection and propagation: seeds in 5-month embryo-aged uncracked pods were selected for seed selection and induced using minimal medium. After the inoculated seeds are placed into a culture room with the temperature of 28 ℃ for 2 weeks, the seeds are transferred into a greenhouse when sprouting, and the conditions are that the illumination is 16h/d and the air humidity is 80%. The optimal seedling exposing time for seedling culture is 30d, and the volume ratio of a matrix suitable for domestication and growth of the seedling culture is 41% of mountain base soil, 32% of humus, 21% of sawdust, 7% of broken melon seed shells and a disinfectant, namely thiophanate-methyl; the rooting agent is rich in roots, and the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. And cultivating for later use.
(5) Field management: intertillage weeding is carried out 4 times per year, the 1 st weeding period is 3-4 months after seedling emergence, the 2 nd weeding period is 6 months, the 3 rd weeding period is 7 months, the two weeding periods are all in a vigorous growth period, and the 4 th weeding period is 8-10 months. And (3) topdressing is carried out for 1 year, and other intertillage weeding is carried out along with topdressing except that topdressing is not needed for 3 rd intertillage weeding.
(6) And (5) pest control is carried out. During pest control, attention should be paid to soil humidity during growth of bletilla striata, timely drainage and waterlogging prevention are achieved, and soil can not be accumulated for a long time; for the common leaf spot gray mold, 75 percent of chlorothalonil wettable 700-fold liquid can be generally sprayed on diseased plants to reduce the diseases.
(7) Carrying out intercropping and shading and cold proofing: the timber piles and the shading nets for building the shade shed need to be carefully selected. And (5) erecting and fixing, and managing water.
(8) And finally harvesting and processing.
Example 3
A bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: the humus soil or sandy loam which is cool, warm and moist and has loose texture, good water drainage and fertile soil is preferably selected. Before planting, the selected area needs to be ploughed and finished, ploughed deeply and ploughed, and the land is ploughed deeply by at least 22 cm.
(2) Applying a base fertilizer: selecting decomposed farmyard manure, wherein the using amount of the decomposed farmyard manure is about 0.8kg/m 2.
(3) Soil preparation and ridge digging: the furrow height is 0.25m, the width is 1.5m, the hole is opened for planting, the row spacing is 23cm, and the plant spacing is 22 cm.
(4) Seed selection and propagation: seeds in 5-month embryo-aged uncracked pods were selected for seed selection and induced using minimal medium. After the inoculated seeds are placed into a culture room with the temperature of 28 ℃ for 1 week to be cultured, the seeds are moved into a greenhouse when sprouting, and the conditions are that the illumination is 15h/d and the air humidity is 75 percent. The optimal seedling exposing time for seedling culture is 30d, and the volume ratio of a matrix suitable for domestication and growth of the seedling culture is 38% of mountain base soil, 28% of humus, 24% of sawdust, 10% of broken melon seed shells and a disinfectant, namely thiophanate-methyl; the rooting agent is rich in roots, and the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. And cultivating for later use.
(5) Field management: intertillage weeding is carried out 4 times per year, the 1 st weeding period is 3-4 months after seedling emergence, the 2 nd weeding period is 6 months, the 3 rd weeding period is 7 months, the two weeding periods are all in a vigorous growth period, and the 4 th weeding period is 8-10 months. And (3) topdressing is carried out for 1 year, and other intertillage weeding is carried out along with topdressing except that topdressing is not needed for 3 rd intertillage weeding.
(6) And (5) pest control is carried out. During pest control, attention should be paid to soil humidity during growth of bletilla striata, timely drainage and waterlogging prevention are achieved, and soil can not be accumulated for a long time; for the common leaf spot gray mold, 75 percent of chlorothalonil wettable 800-time liquid can be generally sprayed on diseased plants to reduce the diseases.
(7) Carrying out intercropping and shading and cold proofing: the timber piles and the shading nets for building the shade shed need to be carefully selected. And (5) erecting and fixing, and managing water.
(8) And finally harvesting and processing.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that ordinary seedlings are selected, and the rest are consistent without seedling raising treatment.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example 2 is different from the example 2 in that the applied base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the rest is consistent.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example 3 and the example 3 is that the disinfectant is selected to be the chlorothalonil, and the rest is consistent.
Comparative examples 4, 5 and 6
Comparative examples 4, 5 and 6 differ from example 1 in that the emergence times were 15, 25 and 35 days, respectively, and the rest was identical.
TABLE 1
The technical effects of the invention are illustrated below with reference to specific experimental data:
in conclusion, the embodiment 1 has the best effect.
While the foregoing specification shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method is characterized in that during seedling cultivation, seed selection and propagation are performed by controlling seedling emergence time and matrix type. The optimal seedling exposing time for seedling culture is 30d, the volume ratio of a matrix suitable for domestication and growth of the seedling culture is 35-45% of mountain base soil, 30-32% of humus, 22-24% of sawdust and 12-14% of broken melon seed shells, and the seedling culture is carried out for later use.
2. The bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: the humus soil or sandy loam which is cool, warm and moist and has loose texture, good water drainage and fertile soil is preferably selected. Before planting, the selected area needs to be ploughed and finished, ploughed deeply and ploughed, and the ploughed land is at least 20-25 cm deep.
(2) Applying a base fertilizer: selecting decomposed farmyard manure, wherein the using amount of the decomposed farmyard manure is about 0.8kg/m2, and if a compound fertilizer is used, the using amount of the decomposed farmyard manure is one tenth of that of the farmyard manure.
(3) Soil preparation and ridge digging: the furrow height is 0.2-0.25 m, the width is 1.3-1.5 m, the hole is opened for planting, the row spacing is 20-35 cm, and the plant spacing is 18-24 cm.
(4) Seed selection and propagation: the bletilla striata seedling as defined in claim I.
(5) Field management: intertillage and weeding and topdressing.
(6) And (5) pest control is carried out.
(7) Carrying out intercropping and shading and cold proofing: the timber piles and the shading nets for building the shade shed need to be carefully selected. And (5) erecting and fixing, and managing water.
(8) And (6) harvesting and processing.
3. The bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein seeds in non-cracked pods with an embryo age of 4-6 months are selected for seed selection, and a basic culture medium is used for induction.
4. The bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the inoculated seeds are placed into a cultivation room at a temperature of 25-28 ℃ for cultivation for 1-2 weeks, and then are moved into a greenhouse when the seeds germinate, wherein the conditions include 14-16 h/d of illumination and 70% -80% of air humidity.
5. A bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein seedling substrate materials are mountain base soil, sawdust (pine wood, fir wood), broken melon seed shells and humus, and the disinfectant is thiophanate-methyl or chlorothalonil; the rooting agent is rich in roots, and the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
6. The bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein intertillage weeding frequency is 4 times per year, the 1 st weeding period is 3-4 months after seedling emergence, the 2 nd weeding period is 6 months, the 3 rd weeding period is 7 months, the two weeding periods are respectively in a vigorous growth period, and the 4 th weeding period is 8-10 months.
7. The bletilla striata seedling and standardized cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein topdressing is performed 3 times in 1 year, and other intertillage weeding is performed along with the topdressing except that topdressing is not required for 3 rd intertillage weeding.
8. The bletilla seedling growing and standardized cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein soil humidity during growth of bletilla striata should be taken care during pest control to drain water and prevent waterlogging in time, and soil cannot be accumulated for a long time; for the common leaf spot gray mold, 75% of chlorothalonil wettable 600-800 times liquid can be generally sprayed on diseased plants to reduce the diseases.
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| CN201911255944.2A CN110896818A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Bletilla seedling and standardized cultivation method |
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| CN201911255944.2A CN110896818A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Bletilla seedling and standardized cultivation method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113748930A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-07 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Domestication cultivation method of wild artemisia stelleriana |
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| CN104380994A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-04 | 师宗康达生态农业有限公司 | Bletilla striata large-scale high-yield cultivation method |
| CN105580608A (en) * | 2014-11-09 | 2016-05-18 | 申茂军 | Efficient cultivation technology of bletilla striata |
| CN109832101A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-06-04 | 周利才 | A kind of bletilla striata implantation methods |
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2019
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Patent Citations (4)
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| CN105580608A (en) * | 2014-11-09 | 2016-05-18 | 申茂军 | Efficient cultivation technology of bletilla striata |
| CN104380977A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-04 | 安顺市西秀区钰霖种养殖农民专业合作社 | Bletilla striata high-yield culture technique |
| CN104380994A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-04 | 师宗康达生态农业有限公司 | Bletilla striata large-scale high-yield cultivation method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113748930A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-07 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Domestication cultivation method of wild artemisia stelleriana |
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