CN110873899B - Seismic data super gather generation method based on offset distance grouping - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seismic data super gather generation method based on offset grouping. A method of generating a superset of seismic data based on offset grouping comprising: acquiring all trace data of a plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, wherein the trace data comprises sampling point data and attribute data of each trace in the plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, and the attribute data comprises an offset value; dividing each track in the plurality of adjacent common center point track sets into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset value, wherein each offset group comprises a plurality of tracks in the plurality of adjacent common center point track sets, and the offset values of all tracks in each offset group are set to be the same value respectively; respectively calculating the mean value of the sampling point data of all the channels in each offset group at the same time; merging all tracks in each offset group into one track; and combining all merged tracks into a super-gather.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum seismic exploration data processing, in particular to a method for generating a seismic data super gather based on offset grouping.
Background
Seismic data processing has increasingly high requirements for the accuracy of velocity analysis. At present, the conventional speed analysis method mainly adopts a post-stack energy maximum discrimination method. In the process of speed analysis, the coverage times of the common-center-point gather at the edge of the work area are low, the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and the targeted optimization processing is not performed. Usually, when a velocity spectrum is generated, single common-center point data is directly used for calculation, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of velocity analysis data is low, effective reflection is weak, the energy cluster aggregation of the velocity spectrum is poor, the velocity precision of a middle-deep layer is not enough, and the imaging precision of a geological region is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for generating a seismic data super gather based on offset grouping. According to the method, data participating in speed analysis are subjected to offset distance grouping strategy, and data of adjacent common-center-point gathers are overlapped to generate the super gather. The method can effectively improve the gather signal-to-noise ratio and generate a better velocity spectrum.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of generating a superset of seismic data based on offset grouping, comprising:
acquiring all trace data of a plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, wherein the trace data comprises sampling point data and attribute data of each trace in the plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, and the attribute data comprises an offset value;
dividing each of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values, each offset group including a plurality of traces of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces, and setting the offset values of all the traces in each offset group to be the same value, respectively;
respectively calculating the mean value of the sampling point data of all the channels in each offset group at the same time;
merging all tracks in each offset group into one track; and
and combining all the merged tracks into a super-gather.
In one embodiment, merging all of the tracks in each offset group into one track comprises:
taking the same value corresponding to each offset group as the offset value of the combined track; and
and taking the mean value corresponding to each offset group as the combined sampling point data of the channel.
In one embodiment, grouping each of the plurality of neighboring common-center trace sets into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values comprises:
counting a minimum value offset _ min and a maximum value offset _ max of the offset value;
defining offset group number offset num, and obtaining offset interval therefrom
offsetInterval＝(offset_max-offset_min)/offsetNum。
In one embodiment, grouping each of the plurality of neighboring common-center trace sets into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values further comprises:
grouping traces whose offset value offset corresponds to the following equation into a first offset group:
offset_min≤offset≤offset_min+offsetInterval。
in one embodiment, setting the offset values of all tracks in each offset group to the same value, respectively, comprises:
the offset values for all tracks in the first offset group are set to offset _ min.
In one embodiment, grouping each of the plurality of neighboring common-center trace sets into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values further comprises:
counting a minimum value offset _ min _2 of offset values of all tracks not classified into the first offset group;
grouping traces whose offset value offset corresponds to the following equation into a second offset group:
offset_min_2≤offset≤offset_min_2+offsetInterval。
in one embodiment, setting the offset values of all tracks in each offset group to the same value, respectively, comprises:
the offset values for all tracks in the second offset group are set to offset _ min _ 2.
In one embodiment, separately calculating the mean of the sample data for all traces in each offset group at the same time comprises:
counting the number of tracks of all tracks included in each offset group;
the simultaneous sample data for all traces in each offset group is summed and then divided by the number of traces for all traces included in the offset group.
In one embodiment, combining all of the merged tracks into a gather includes:
and combining all the merged tracks into a super-gather according to the sequence of the offset values from small to large.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a storage medium having stored thereon a computer-executable program which, when executed, is adapted to implement a method of generating a superset of seismic data based on offset grouping, the method comprising:
acquiring all trace data of a plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, wherein the trace data comprises sampling point data and attribute data of each trace in the plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, and the attribute data comprises an offset value;
dividing each of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values, each offset group including a plurality of traces of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces, and setting the offset values of all the traces in each offset group to be the same value, respectively;
respectively calculating the mean value of the sampling point data of all the channels in each offset group at the same time;
merging all tracks in each offset group into one track; and
and combining all the merged tracks into a super-gather.
Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments in the above scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
by applying the method for generating the seismic data super gather based on the offset grouping provided by the embodiment of the invention, the offset grouping strategy is adopted, the initial offset is defined as the minimum offset of all the trace data to be stacked, an offset increment is simultaneously defined, and the trace data in the increment range are combined into one trace. The super gather is generated by overlapping adjacent gathers to improve the covering times and the signal-to-noise ratio, so that the generated spectral data energy mass is more focused, and the speed analysis pickup precision is improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for generating a superset of seismic data based on offset grouping in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of selecting neighboring common midpoint gathers to participate in a superposition, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating two simultaneous sample point data in an offset group according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details or with a specific implementation described herein.
As described above, in order to solve the problems that in the prior art, when seismic data is processed, the coverage times of common-center gathers are low, and a velocity spectrum is generated, the velocity analysis data is calculated by directly using single common-center point data, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is low, the effective reflection is weak, and the gathering property of velocity spectrum energy clusters is poor, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for generating a seismic data super gather based on offset grouping.
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for generating a superset of seismic data based on offset grouping in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a method of generating a superset of seismic data based on offset binning comprises:
step S101: acquiring all trace data of a plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, wherein the trace data comprises sampling point data and attribute data of each trace in the plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, and the attribute data comprises an offset value;
step S102: dividing each of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset value, each offset group including a plurality of traces of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces, and setting the offset values of all the traces in each offset group to be the same value, respectively;
step S103: respectively calculating the mean value of the sampling point data of all the channels in each offset group at the same time;
step S104: merging all tracks in each offset group into one track; and
step S105: and combining all the merged tracks into a super-gather.
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of selecting neighboring common midpoint gathers to participate in a superposition, according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 2, the horizontal axis of the grid is the main line inline and the vertical axis is the crossline. In the step S101, first, an object to be processed needs to be selected, that is, a common midpoint gather to be processed is selected. The neighboring common midpoint gather participating in the overlay is selected by selecting a grid of different columns and different rows.
In the particular embodiment of fig. 2, a 3 x 3 grid is selected. Of course, a grid consisting of different rows and different columns, such as a 4 × 3 grid or a 2 × 4 grid, may be selected according to the actual situation of the seismic data to be processed, but the invention is not limited thereto. The embodiment of FIG. 2 selects a 3 × 3 grid that covers 9 neighboring common midpoint gathers, each of which consists of a different number of traces.
In the step S101, after the adjacent common midpoint gather participating in the stacking is selected, all the trace data of the plurality of adjacent common midpoint gathers are obtained through the inline main measuring line and the crossline. As shown in fig. 2, each common midpoint gather has a specific position coordinate, the position coordinate corresponding to each common midpoint gather can be accurately obtained through the main measuring line with the heading character of inline and the contact measuring line with the heading character of crossline, and then all the trace data of the common midpoint gather, that is, the sampling point data and the attribute data of each trace in the common midpoint gather are read out.
And sequentially searching until the trace data of all the common central point trace sets in the selected grid is obtained, namely the sampling point data and the attribute data of each trace in all the common central point trace sets in the selected grid, wherein the attribute data of each trace comprises the offset value of each trace. Each common midpoint gather is comprised of a different number of traces, where each trace has an offset value. In the field of seismology, the offset value refers to the distance from the excitation point (shot) to the nearest center of the detector group (geophone point). In an embodiment of the invention, the offset value for each trace refers to the distance from the excitation point (shot) to the center of the detector set (demodulator probe) where the trace is located.
Next, in step S102, each track in the plurality of neighboring common-center track sets is divided into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset value. First, a minimum value offset _ min and a maximum value offset _ max of all the offset values are counted according to the acquired offset value of each track in the plurality of adjacent common center point track sets, that is, according to the offset values of all the tracks acquired in step S101, and then a start value offset start of the offset range is equal to offset _ min. Then, the number of offset groups is defined as offsetNum. From the minimum offset value offset _ min, the maximum offset value offset _ max, and the number of offset groups offset num, it can be found that the offset interval is
offsetInterval＝(offset_max-offset_min)/offsetNum。
Then, all the tracks in all the common center point track sets in the selected grid are re-classified into a plurality of different offset groups according to the counted offset values of all the tracks.
Assuming that the offset value of each track is offset, the tracks whose offset values offset satisfy the following formula are grouped into a first offset group:
offset_min≤offset≤offset_min+offsetInterval。
then, traversing all the remaining tracks in the neighboring common center point track set that are not grouped into the first offset group, and assuming that the minimum offset among all the remaining tracks is offset _ min _2, grouping the tracks whose offset values offset satisfy the following formula into the second offset group:
offset_min_2≤offset≤offset_min_2+offsetInterval。
in turn, the minimum offset in all remaining tracks is looked up each time as the starting value of the offset range. Assuming that the minimum offset distance in all the remaining tracks is offset _ min _ n, the tracks whose offset value offset corresponds to the following formula are grouped into the nth offset distance group:
offset_min_n≤offset_n≤offset_min_n+offsetInterval。
until all of the tracks in the neighboring common-center-point track sets are reassigned into offset num offset groups.
Each offset group obtained according to the above steps includes a plurality of traces in a plurality of adjacent common-center trace sets. In an embodiment of the present invention, the offset values for all tracks in each offset group are reset to the same value, respectively. For example, the offset value of each track in each offset group is updated to the start value of the offset range of the offset group, i.e., the offset values of all tracks in the first offset group are updated to the start value of the offset range of the first group, offset _ min, the offset values of all tracks in the second offset group are updated to the start value of the offset range of the second group, offset _ min _2, and so on. Of course, this is merely exemplary and not limiting of the invention, and for example, the offset values of all tracks in each offset group may be reset to the maximum offset value or the average value of all tracks in the offset group. In embodiments of the present invention, the offset values of all traces in each offset group are set to the same value, so that all traces in each offset group are merged into one trace in the subsequent step.
Next, in step S103, the mean of the simultaneous sample data of all the traces in each offset group is calculated, respectively. Firstly, counting the number of tracks of all tracks included in each offset group; the simultaneous sample data for all traces in each offset group are then summed and then divided by the number of traces for all traces included in the offset group.
In step S102, all traces originally belonging to the common midpoint gather have been re-grouped into n offset groups. Since the offset values of all tracks are not necessarily evenly distributed, the number of tracks included in each offset group is different when all tracks are regrouped according to the offset. Therefore, after step S102 is completed, it is necessary to count the number of tracks of all tracks included in each offset group, so as to calculate the mean value of the sample data of all tracks in each offset group at the same time.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating two simultaneous sample point data in an offset group according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 3, the sample data of the two tracks in the offset group are arranged in the order of time sequence numbers from small to large, wherein two sample data with time sequence numbers of 1 in the two tracks are framed by rectangular frames.
The sample data of the 1 st row (i.e. time sequence number 1) of all tracks in the offset group are accumulated and summed, and then divided by the total track number included in the offset group, so as to obtain the average value of the sample data of the 1 st row. Sequential calculation completes the calculation of the mean of the sample data for all traces in the offset group at the same time.
This calculation is then performed for each offset group, and the mean of the simultaneous sample data for all traces in each offset group is then obtained.
Next, in step S104, all tracks in each offset group are merged into one track. The specific operation is as follows: taking the same value corresponding to each offset group as the offset value of the combined track; and taking the mean value corresponding to each offset group as the combined sampling point data of the channel.
In step S102, the offset values of all tracks in each offset group have been set to the same value, respectively, for example, the same value is set as the start value of the offset range of the group in which it is located, i.e., the minimum value of the offsets of all tracks in the group in which it is located.
In step S103, the mean of the simultaneous sample data for all traces in each offset group has been calculated separately.
In step S104, the same value corresponding to each offset group is first set as the offset value of the track after merging. After merging, all tracks in an offset group are merged into only one track, and the offset value of the track is the same value set for the offset group in step S102. Then, the average value of the sample data for each time number calculated in step S103 is used as the sample data for the channel.
As mentioned above, the number of offset groups is offsetNum, and thus the combined result is offsetNum tracks. Each of the merged tracks has an offset value and a column of time ordered sample data.
Next, in step S105, all the merged tracks are combined into a super gather. In an embodiment of the present invention, according to the offset value of each merged track, all tracks are combined into a super-channel set including offsetNum tracks according to the order of the offset values from small to large. Of course, all of the tracks may be combined into a plurality of super-gathers according to actual needs, wherein each super-gather includes a plurality of tracks.
In summary, the invention provides a seismic data super gather generation method based on offset grouping, which adopts an offset grouping strategy to define an initial offset as the minimum offset of all the trace data to be stacked, and simultaneously defines an offset increment, merges the trace data in the increment range into one trace, and then merges the trace data into a super gather according to the sequence of the offsets from small to large. By applying the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the super gather is generated by overlapping the adjacent gathers to improve the covering times and the signal-to-noise ratio, so that the generated spectral data energy mass is more focused, and the speed analysis and pickup precision is improved.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a storage medium having stored thereon a computer-executable program, which when executed, is adapted to implement a method of generating a superset of seismic data based on offset grouping, the method comprising:
acquiring all trace data of a plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, wherein the trace data comprises sampling point data and attribute data of each trace in the plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, and the attribute data comprises an offset value;
dividing each of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values, each offset group including a plurality of traces of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces, and setting the offset values of all the traces in each offset group to be the same value, respectively;
respectively calculating the mean value of the sampling point data of all the channels in each offset group at the same time;
merging all tracks in each offset group into one track; and
and combining all the merged tracks into a super-gather.
In one embodiment, merging all of the tracks in each offset group into one track comprises:
taking the same value corresponding to each offset group as the offset value of the combined track; and
and taking the mean value corresponding to each offset group as the combined sampling point data of the channel.
In one embodiment, grouping each of the plurality of neighboring common-center trace sets into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values comprises:
counting a minimum value offset _ min and a maximum value offset _ max of the offset value;
defining offset group number offset num, and obtaining offset interval therefrom
offsetInterval＝(offset_max-offset_min)/offsetNum。
In one embodiment, grouping each of the plurality of neighboring common-center trace sets into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values further comprises:
grouping traces whose offset value offset corresponds to the following equation into a first offset group:
offset_min≤offset≤offset_min+offsetInterval。
in one embodiment, setting the offset values of all tracks in each offset group to the same value, respectively, comprises:
the offset values for all tracks in the first offset group are set to offset _ min.
In one embodiment, grouping each of the plurality of neighboring common-center trace sets into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values further comprises:
counting a minimum value offset _ min _2 of offset values of all tracks not classified into the first offset group;
grouping traces whose offset value offset corresponds to the following equation into a second offset group:
offset_min_2≤offset≤offset_min_2+offsetInterval。
in one embodiment, setting the offset values of all tracks in each offset group to the same value, respectively, comprises:
the offset values for all tracks in the second offset group are set to offset _ min _ 2.
In one embodiment, separately calculating the mean of the sample data for all traces in each offset group at the same time comprises:
counting the number of tracks of all tracks included in each offset group;
the simultaneous sample data for all traces in each offset group is summed and then divided by the number of traces for all traces included in the offset group.
In one embodiment, combining all of the merged tracks into a gather includes:
and combining all the merged tracks into a super-gather according to the sequence of the offset values from small to large.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of the invention are not limited to the particular process steps or materials disclosed herein, but rather, are extended to equivalents thereof as would be understood by those of ordinary skill in the relevant art. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the elements and algorithm steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the components and steps of the examples have been described in a functional general in the foregoing description for the purpose of illustrating clearly the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method of generating a superset of seismic data based on offset grouping, comprising:
acquiring all trace data of a plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, wherein the trace data comprises sampling point data and attribute data of each trace in the plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, and the attribute data comprises an offset value;
dividing each of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values, each offset group including a plurality of traces of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces, and setting the offset values of all the traces in each offset group to be the same value, respectively;
respectively calculating the mean value of the sampling point data of all the channels in each offset group at the same time;
merging all tracks in each offset group into one track; and
combining all the merged channels into a super channel set;
wherein grouping each of the plurality of neighboring common-center point trace sets into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset value comprises:
counting a minimum value offset _ min and a maximum value offset _ max of the offset value;
defining offset group number offset num, and obtaining offset interval therefrom
offsetInterval＝(offset_max-offset_min)/offsetNum；
Grouping traces whose offset value offset corresponds to the following equation into a first offset group:
offset_min≤offset≤offset_min+offsetInterval；
counting a minimum value offset _ min _2 of offset values of all tracks not classified into the first offset group;
grouping traces whose offset value offset corresponds to the following equation into a second offset group:
offset_min_2≤offset≤offset_min_2+offsetInterval。
2. the method of claim 1, wherein merging all tracks in each offset group into one track comprises:
taking the same value corresponding to each offset group as the offset value of the combined track; and
and taking the mean value corresponding to each offset group as the combined sampling point data of the channel.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein setting the offset values of all tracks in each offset group to the same value, respectively, comprises:
the offset values for all tracks in the first offset group are set to offset _ min.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein setting the offset values of all tracks in each offset group to the same value, respectively, comprises:
the offset values for all tracks in the second offset group are set to offset _ min _ 2.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein separately calculating a mean of the simultaneous sample data for all traces in each offset group comprises:
counting the number of tracks of all tracks included in each offset group;
the simultaneous sample data for all traces in each offset group is summed and then divided by the number of traces for all traces included in the offset group.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein combining all of the merged tracks into a super gather comprises:
and combining all the merged tracks into a super-gather according to the sequence of the offset values from small to large.
7. A storage medium having stored therein a computer-executable program, which when executed, is adapted to implement a method of generating a superset of seismic data based on offset grouping, the method comprising:
acquiring all trace data of a plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, wherein the trace data comprises sampling point data and attribute data of each trace in the plurality of adjacent common midpoint gather, and the attribute data comprises an offset value;
dividing each of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset values, each offset group including a plurality of traces of the plurality of neighboring common-center traces, and setting the offset values of all the traces in each offset group to be the same value, respectively;
respectively calculating the mean value of the sampling point data of all the channels in each offset group at the same time;
merging all tracks in each offset group into one track; and
combining all the merged channels into a super channel set;
wherein grouping each of the plurality of neighboring common-center point trace sets into a plurality of offset groups according to the offset value comprises:
counting a minimum value offset _ min and a maximum value offset _ max of the offset value;
defining offset group number offset num, and obtaining offset interval therefrom
offsetInterval＝(offset_max-offset_min)/offsetNum；
Grouping traces whose offset value offset corresponds to the following equation into a first offset group:
offset_min≤offset≤offset_min+offsetInterval；
counting a minimum value offset _ min _2 of offset values of all tracks not classified into the first offset group;
grouping traces whose offset value offset corresponds to the following equation into a second offset group:
offset_min_2≤offset≤offset_min_2+offsetInterval。
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| CN107179543A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method and apparatus that regularization is carried out to pre stack data |
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| CN103217713A (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for optimizing seismic velocity analysis data in oil and gas exploration |
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| CN107179543A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method and apparatus that regularization is carried out to pre stack data |
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