CN103217713A - Method for optimizing seismic velocity analysis data in oil and gas exploration - Google Patents
Method for optimizing seismic velocity analysis data in oil and gas exploration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for optimizing seismic velocity analysis data in oil and gas exploration. The method for optimizing the seismic velocity analysis data in the oil and gas exploration includes the following steps: velocity trace gather sorting is carried out on the seismic data, and an ultra trace gather used for velocity analysis is sorted out; sub-band abnormal amplitude attenuation is carried out; F-X-Y domain three-dimensional prestack random noise attenuation is carried out; frequency filtering is carried out, so that energy of a superiority frequency band of reflection waves can be enhanced; and wavelet shaping deconvolution processing is carried out to improve resolution. The method for optimizing the seismic velocity analysis data in the oil and gas exploration solves the problems that in the prior art, focusing of an energy group in velocity analysis is poor and precision is low, and has the advantages that effective reflection energy can be enhanced, the quality of the velocity analysis data is improved, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the velocity analysis trace gather are improved, and the focusing property of a velocity spectrum can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seismic data process field, particularly relate to the data-optimized method of a kind of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND.
Background technology
Seismic imaging requires more and more higher to the analysis precision of speed, present conventional speeds analytical approach, the main very big diagnostic method of poststack energy that adopts, the velocity analysis process is not carried out the specific aim optimization process to participating in velocity analysis ground geological data, so that make speed energy out-focus, the velocity accuracy of mid-deep strata is not enough, has influenced ground quality imaging precision.Though developed the velocity analysis method that four item velocity analysiss are smoothed collection as far as possible early stage, can't solve mid-deep strata speed energy focusing problem.At mid-deep strata velocity spectrum energy group out-focus, problem that the velocity analysis precision is low, do not see corresponding velocity analysis method.And, when producing velocity spectrum usually, all be the result who directly utilizes overall data process.When overall data process, consider factors such as amplitude, frequency in length and breadth to fidelity, when using the noise compact technique, denoising effect usually can be weaker, and is bigger to the velocity spectrum influence.We have invented a kind of new data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND for this reason, at the velocity analysis data have that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low, a little less than the usable reflection, cause the relatively poor problem of velocity spectrum energy group focusing, to participating in the data of velocity analysis, to improve road collection signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and velocity spectrum quality is main target, adopt disposal route and the parameter different, can access better velocity spectrum with overall data.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide one and can plant the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of raising velocity analysis road collection and the data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND of resolution.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following technical measures: the data-optimized method of this oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND comprises: step 1, geological data is carried out the collection sorting of speed road, and sub-elect the channel set that is used for velocity analysis; Step 2, the geological data that step 1 is generated carries out the decay of branch frequency band anomalous amplitude; Step 3, the geological data that step 2 is generated carries out the three-dimensional prestack random noise decay in F-X-Y territory; Step 4, the geological data that step 3 is generated carries out frequency filtering, and the dominant frequency band energy of reflection wave is strengthened; And step 5, the geological data that step 4 is generated carries out wavelet shaping deconvolution processing, improves resolution.
Purpose of the present invention also can realize by following technical measures:
The data-optimized method of this oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND also is included in before the step 1, and input is through processed conventionally this geological data.
In step 2, the geological data that step 1 is generated carries out frequency division band scanning analysis earlier, determine the noise band scope after, carry out the decay of branch frequency band anomalous amplitude again.
In step 2, when carrying out the decay of branch frequency band anomalous amplitude, window when setting up a plurality of hyperbolic curve according to stack velocity, window and usable reflection axle basically identical when making this a plurality of hyperbolic curve, these a plurality of hyperbolic curve window lengths are the 200-500 millisecond, and are overlapped between the window in the time of up and down, overlapping scope 30%-50%, the geological data that step 1 is generated is divided into a plurality of minutes frequency band data, then the data timesharing window that contains noise band is carried out the amplitude energy statistics by following formula:
In the formula
EBe energy,
ABe amplitude,
iBe the sample period,
kBe Taoist monastic name,
fBe frequency band,
tFor the time window,
NBe total sample, medium filtering road number is set
nWith threshold value, according to the time in the window statistical value with
nThe average of road statistics compares, and just uses medium filtering compacting anomalous amplitude noise when the ratio of statistical value and average surpasses threshold value.
In step 3, when the geological data that step 2 is generated carries out the three-dimensional prestack random noise decay of F-X-Y territory, with the CMP axle of every line as the longitudinal axis, the single track of concentrating with the CMP road of the big minispread of offset distance is as transverse axis, form the plane of both direction and constitute 3-D data volume with the time, this 3-D data volume is done the Fourier transform of time orientation, obtain the data in F-X-Y territory, for each frequency content, utilize rectangle predictive operator of plural least square principle design, make corresponding to the 3D seismic data of this frequency content after this rectangle predictive operator prediction the prediction residual energy of its output
Q(
f) minimum, be about to
Q(
f) this rectangle predictive operator is asked local derviation and made it is zero, the matrix equation that can to obtain a coefficient be the Hermite matrix
R'·P=R
Wherein,
R'Be the autocorrelative Hermite matrix of F-X-Y territory geological data multiple tracks,
RBe F-X-Y territory geological data multiple tracks auto-correlation array,
PIt is the array of each component of this rectangle predictive operator, solve each component of this rectangle predictive operator, obtain this rectangle predictive operator again corresponding to this frequency content, with this rectangle predictive operator the data in the F-X-Y territory of this frequency content are carried out plural two-dimentional convolution, just obtained the result in F-X-Y territory after the three-dimensional denoising, the anti-Fourier transform in working frequency territory obtains three-dimensional random sound attenuation result.
In step 4, the geological data that step 3 is generated carries out the advantage spectrum analysis earlier, determine the dominant frequency band of reflection wave after, carry out frequency filtering again, the dominant frequency band energy of reflection wave is strengthened.
In step 4, when carrying out frequency filtering, the low frequency value of the corresponding dominant frequency band of low cut-off frequency of bandpass filter, the low frequency zone of transition adopts the 9dB raising frequency, the high frequency value of the corresponding dominant frequency band of high cut-off frequency of bandpass filter, high-frequency transition region adopts the 36dB frequency reducing.
The data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND among the present invention, at first from processed conventionally geological data, sub-elect the geological data that participates in velocity analysis, by optimizing sound attenuation technology parameter, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of velocity analysis data, adopt the wavelet shaping deconvolution to improve the resolution of velocity analysis road collection, utilize processing means such as frequency constraint, dominant frequency band reinforcement, strengthen the energy of usable reflection, improve the quality of velocity analysis data.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and the resolution of velocity analysis road collection, the focusing of velocity spectrum is improved.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of the road collection before and after the compound multiple domain sound attenuation in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the road collection before and after the optimization process in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the velocity spectrum before and after the optimization process in one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned and other purposes, feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, cited below particularlyly go out preferred embodiment, and cooperate appended graphicly, be described in detail below.
As shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND of the present invention.In step 101, input is through processed conventionally geological data.Flow process enters into step 102.
In step 102, the geological data that step 101 is imported carries out the collection sorting of speed road, sub-elects the channel set that is used for velocity analysis.Flow process enters into step 103.
In step 103, the geological data that step 102 is generated carries out branch frequency band scanning analysis, determines the noise band scope, carries out the decay of branch frequency band anomalous amplitude again.Divide frequency band anomalous amplitude damped system as follows:
Window when setting up a plurality of hyperbolic curve according to stack velocity, window and usable reflection axle basically identical when making, window length 200-500 millisecond, overlapped between the window in the time of up and down, overlapping scope 30%-50%.Geological data is divided into a plurality of minutes frequency band data, then the data timesharing window that contains noise band is carried out the amplitude energy statistics by following formula:
，
In the formula
EBe energy,
ABe amplitude,
iBe the sample period,
kBe Taoist monastic name,
fBe frequency band,
tFor the time window,
NBe total sample.Medium filtering road number is set
nWith threshold value, according to the time in the window statistical value with
nThe average of road statistics compares, and just uses medium filtering compacting anomalous amplitude noise when the ratio of statistical value and average surpasses threshold value.Flow process enters into step 104.
In step 104, the geological data that step 103 is generated carries out the three-dimensional prestack random noise decay in F-X-Y territory.As the longitudinal axis, and the single track of concentrating with the CMP road of the big minispread of offset distance forms the plane of both direction and constitutes 3-D data volume with the time as transverse axis with the CMP axle of every line.Data volume is done the Fourier transform of time orientation hereto, obtains the data in F-X-Y territory.For each frequency content, can utilize rectangle predictive operator of plural least square principle design, make 3D seismic data corresponding to this frequency content after this rectangle predictive operator prediction, the prediction residual energy of its output
Q(
f) minimum, be about to
Q(
f) the rectangle predictive operator is asked local derviation and made it is zero, the matrix equation that can to obtain a coefficient be the Hermite matrix
R'·P=R
Wherein:
R'It is the autocorrelative Hermite matrix of F-X-Y territory geological data multiple tracks;
RIt is F-X-Y territory geological data multiple tracks auto-correlation array;
PIt is the array of each component of rectangle predictive operator.
According to the characteristics of Hermite matrix, can solve each component of this rectangle predictive operator apace, obtain rectangle predictive operator again corresponding to this frequency content.With this operator the data in the F-X-Y territory of this frequency content are carried out plural two-dimentional convolution, just obtained the result in F-X-Y territory after the three-dimensional denoising.Then, the anti-Fourier transform in working frequency territory obtains final three-dimensional random sound attenuation result.Flow process enters into step 105.
In step 105, the geological data that step 104 is generated carries out the advantage spectrum analysis, and the dominant frequency band scope of determining reflection wave is that amplitude is-frequency band range of 18dB correspondence, carries out bandpass filtering again.When carrying out bandpass filtering, the low frequency value of the corresponding dominant frequency band of low cut-off frequency of bandpass filter, the low frequency zone of transition adopts the 9dB raising frequency, the high frequency value of the corresponding dominant frequency band of high cut-off frequency of bandpass filter, high-frequency transition region adopts the 36dB frequency reducing.Flow process enters into step 106.
In step 106, the geological data that step 105 is generated carries out wavelet shaping deconvolution processing.The desired output of deconvolution is a zero-phase wavelet, selects time delay by experiment, adopts the high conduct output result of resolution.Flow process finishes.
Arrive shown in Figure 4 as Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of the road collection before and after the compound multiple domain sound attenuation in one embodiment of the invention, Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the road collection before and after the optimization process in one embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the velocity spectrum before and after the optimization process in one embodiment of the invention.From Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 as can be seen, by analyzing the seismic data characteristic analysis, after technological synthesiss such as the compound multiple domain sound attenuation of The data (as shown in Figure 2), the dominant frequency band energy to the participation velocity analysis strengthened, raising resolution are handled, the quality of road collection is obviously improved (as shown in Figure 3), the velocity spectrum quality that forms obviously improves, the energy group of velocity spectrum focuses on, the focal region downward continuation more than 1 second, improved the precision (as shown in Figure 4) of SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND.
Claims (7)
1. the data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND is characterized in that, the data-optimized method of this oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND comprises:
Step 1 is carried out the collection sorting of speed road to geological data, sub-elects the channel set that is used for velocity analysis;
Step 2, the geological data that step 1 is generated carries out the decay of branch frequency band anomalous amplitude;
Step 3, the geological data that step 2 is generated carries out the three-dimensional prestack random noise decay in F-X-Y territory;
Step 4, the geological data that step 3 is generated carries out frequency filtering, and the dominant frequency band energy of reflection wave is strengthened; And
Step 5, the geological data that step 4 is generated carries out wavelet shaping deconvolution processing, improves resolution.
2. the data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the data-optimized method of this oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND also is included in before the step 1, and input is through processed conventionally this geological data.
3. the data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step 2, the geological data that step 1 is generated carries out frequency division band scanning analysis earlier, after determining the noise band scope, carry out the decay of branch frequency band anomalous amplitude again.
4. the data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step 2, when carrying out the decay of branch frequency band anomalous amplitude, window when setting up a plurality of hyperbolic curve according to stack velocity, window and usable reflection axle basically identical when making this a plurality of hyperbolic curve, these a plurality of hyperbolic curve window lengths are the 200-500 millisecond, overlapped between the window in the time of up and down, overlapping scope 30%-50%, the geological data that step 1 is generated is divided into a plurality of minutes frequency band data, then the data timesharing window that contains noise band is carried out the amplitude energy statistics by following formula:
，
In the formula
EBe energy,
ABe amplitude,
iBe the sample period,
kBe Taoist monastic name,
fBe frequency band,
tFor the time window,
NBe total sample, medium filtering road number is set
nWith threshold value, according to the time in the window statistical value with
nThe average of road statistics compares, and just uses medium filtering compacting anomalous amplitude noise when the ratio of statistical value and average surpasses threshold value.
5. the data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 3, when the geological data that step 2 is generated carries out the three-dimensional prestack random noise decay of F-X-Y territory, with the CMP axle of every line as the longitudinal axis, the single track of concentrating with the CMP road of the big minispread of offset distance forms the plane of both direction and constitutes 3-D data volume with the time, to this three-dimensional data as transverse axis
Body is done the Fourier transform of time orientation, obtain the data in F-X-Y territory,, utilize rectangle predictive operator of plural least square principle design for each frequency content, make corresponding to the 3D seismic data of this frequency content after this rectangle predictive operator prediction the prediction residual energy of its output
Q(
f) minimum, be about to
Q(
f) this rectangle predictive operator is asked local derviation and made it is zero, the matrix equation that can to obtain a coefficient be the Hermite matrix
R'·P=R
Wherein,
R'Be the autocorrelative Hermite matrix of F-X-Y territory geological data multiple tracks,
RBe F-X-Y territory geological data multiple tracks auto-correlation array,
PIt is the array of each component of this rectangle predictive operator, solve each component of this rectangle predictive operator, obtain this rectangle predictive operator again corresponding to this frequency content, with this rectangle predictive operator the data in the F-X-Y territory of this frequency content are carried out plural two-dimentional convolution, just obtained the result in F-X-Y territory after the three-dimensional denoising, the anti-Fourier transform in working frequency territory obtains three-dimensional random sound attenuation result.
6. the data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 4, the geological data that step 3 is generated carries out the advantage spectrum analysis earlier, after determining the dominant frequency band of reflection wave, carry out frequency filtering again, the dominant frequency band energy of reflection wave is strengthened.
7. the data-optimized method of oil-gas exploration SEISMIC VELOCTTY ANALYSIS AND according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in step 4, when carrying out frequency filtering, the low frequency value of the corresponding dominant frequency band of low cut-off frequency of bandpass filter, the low frequency zone of transition adopts the 9dB raising frequency, the high frequency value of the corresponding dominant frequency band of high cut-off frequency of bandpass filter, and high-frequency transition region adopts the 36dB frequency reducing.
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