CN110871661A - 一种电池电动车辆的气候控制方法 - Google Patents

一种电池电动车辆的气候控制方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110871661A
CN110871661A CN201910783051.9A CN201910783051A CN110871661A CN 110871661 A CN110871661 A CN 110871661A CN 201910783051 A CN201910783051 A CN 201910783051A CN 110871661 A CN110871661 A CN 110871661A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery
control system
climate control
passenger compartment
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910783051.9A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
阿明·利茨
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Ford Global Technologies LLC
Publication of CN110871661A publication Critical patent/CN110871661A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00371—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. buses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2218—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3222—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the compressor driving arrangements, e.g. clutches, transmissions or multiple drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3229—Cooling devices using compression characterised by constructional features, e.g. housings, mountings, conversion systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/60—Navigation input
    • B60L2240/66—Ambient conditions
    • B60L2240/662—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池电动车辆的气候控制的方法，电池电动车辆特别是公共汽车，包括具有双层隔热层的驱动电池，通过温度控制***将驱动电池不断地保持在一个温度范围内；其中温度控制***包括在电池周围流动的冷却介质、用于冷却介质的电加热***和用于制冷剂的电动压缩机和蒸发器/冷凝器和控制***，电池电动车辆还包括用于乘客舱的气候控制***，所述气候控制***通过热交换器与温度控制***相结合，以便于从电池或它的冷却介质中获得加热或冷却。

Description

一种电池电动车辆的气候控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1所述的电池电动车辆(尤其是公交车辆)的气候控制方法。
背景技术
众所周知，在电池电动车辆的情况下，一个重要的考虑因素是保持电池的温度在一定的范围内，以优化其容量。换句话说，电池既不能太冷也不能太热。因此，在冬天电池必须加热，在夏天或者当电池严重负载时，电池必须冷却。
在由内燃发动机驱动的传统车辆的情况下，乘客舱的气候控制是由空调***执行的，空调***从内燃发动机的废热获得所需的热量，并通过增加发动机的用于驱动压缩机的轴输出产生冷却效果。
在电池电动车辆的情况下，来自内燃发动机用于加热乘客舱的废热在某种程度上不能直接或间接地可用。在这种情况下，用于运行压缩机的额外的轴输出是以电池容量为代价的。
因此，空调***的部件(如压缩机、蒸发器等)都是通过电池进行电力操作的。然而，这有损电池的容量，因为车辆行驶里程实际上所需要的相当大比例的能量已经损失了。就公共汽车而言，这一比例远远超过了普通机动车辆。
WO 2008/127527 A1公开了一种用于电池电动车辆的温度管理***，***中驱动***的冷却、电池的温度控制***和空调***由共同的热交换器连接到一个冷却回路。空调***和电池的温度控制***也都各自额外的有一个电加热***。
基于此背景，本发明的目的是提供一种更好的电池电动车辆(尤其是公共汽车)或其乘客舱的气候控制方法。
发明内容
本发明是通过权利要求1中描述的方法实现的。改进的优势体现在权利要求书和说明书中。
根据本发明，已经意识到，电池电动车辆(尤其是公共汽车)包括高度隔热的驱动电池，驱动电池通过温度控制***不断保持温度在温度范围内，温度控制***包括在电池周围流动的冷却介质、用于冷却介质的电加热***、以及用于冷却机制的电动压缩机和蒸发器和控制***，电池电动车辆还包括乘客舱的气候控制***，对于电池电动车辆的气候控制，在乘客舱的气候控制***通过热交换器与温度控制***相结合，以便于从电池或它的冷却介质中提供加热或冷却的情况下，即使没有传统的空调***，也可以通过强力的压缩机有效地控制乘客舱的气候。
已经意识到的是，驱动电池，尤其是公共汽车的驱动电池，拥有非常优异的加热和冷却的能力。高度隔热允许它在任何情况下都能保持在其操作期望的最佳的温度范围内。然而，由于加热或冷却的能力是可利用的，可用于乘客舱的气候控制***。特别是在较大的电池电动车辆的情况下，驱动电池的热量足够大，使得它有足够的加热或冷却能力，这种加热或冷却能力是可以利用的。
公共汽车被认为是一种可容纳6至20名乘客的机动车辆。毫无疑问，本发明特别是在公共汽车中可以提供优势，因为相应的驱动电池具有很高的能量。然而，本发明原则上也可以应用于其他电池电动车辆，如轿车或卡车。
换句话说，乘客舱的气候控制只由驱动电池提供加热或冷却。
在这种情况下，驱动电池是在一个隔热舱内隔热的，因此是双层隔热的。因此驱动电池不仅通过相对于其内部空间的隔热层进行隔热，而且还通过内部空间相对于周围环境的特有的隔热层进行隔热。
优选地，除了驱动电池的良好隔热外，乘客舱本身的隔热效果也比以往的更好。基于此目的，中空玻璃或甚至叠层中空玻璃被用于窗户和/或车身部件的隔热，例如厚隔热非织造布(>2cm)的冷热隔热层或其他隔热泡沫或甚至真空隔热板。因此，根据DE102018207569 A1，甚至可以用双层玻璃窗。
在充电过程中，驱动电池本身可以通过电动压缩机和蒸发器/冷凝器冷却到温度范围内，也可以通过PTC加热元件加热。因此，在充电过程中，如有必要，驱动电池完全返回到所需的温度范围或其加热或冷却能力恢复。优选地，这部分需要在电池隔热层的外部，特别是乘客舱的隔热层的外部。换句话说，这部分设置于废热或冷气不会影响乘客舱的气候控制的地方，仍有可能设置在“发动机室”或在车顶上，等等。
更优地，乘客舱的气候控制是通过热交换器和来自乘客舱的空气进行的。因此，采用常规的热交换器，一方面控制驱动电池的温度，另一方面对乘客舱利用其加热或冷却的能力。因此，驱动电池的温度控制和乘客舱的气候控制相结合，这样驱动电池的高热容量被用于乘客舱的气候控制，因为后者有较小数量级的热容量来加热或冷却。
换句话说，驱动电池相当于冰箱里的内容物，也就是说，具有可以用来控制乘客舱气候的非常好的热容量的隔热***。
基于上述目的，最好只将作为温度控制***的一部分的用于冷却介质的蒸发器设置在驱动电池的隔热层内。这样，一方面可以使驱动电池更好地绝热(超级绝热)，另一方面可以更简单地结合或联合用于乘客舱气候控制的温度控制部件。
如有必要，温度控制***回路还包括冷却介质泵。优选地，冷却介质为冷却液。
因为，鉴于隔热驱动电池置于又尤其是相对于外界环境隔热的舱内的位置，隔热驱动电池也将其损失的热量主要转移到隔热舱，然而对乘客舱进行持续的气候以达到接近在每种情况下期望的舒适温度的乘客舱的温度是不必要的。因此，相比较于驱动电池设置在乘客舱外部，当设置在车内时，也能提供一个相对舒适的温度。因此所发生的废热首先优先对乘客舱有利，而不是直接损失到周围环境中。
因为电池电动车辆的充电时间最好发生在夜间，例如整个欧洲在夏天的夜间最低温度相差只有几开尔文，电池的冷却在夜间特别起作用，因为那时候环境温度最冷。因为冷却需要几个小时，避免了加载高峰。在冬天，夜间调节会使室内空间先出现驱动电池的废热，从而使室内更加暖和。
优选地，驱动电池的温度控制的温度范围在4至35℃之间，优选是在10至25℃之间，特别优选在12℃。这个温度接近于整个欧洲夏季的最低温度，因此即使在过渡时期也为室内提供了足够的热量。在冬天，在极端温度下，电池的调节范围将在12至35℃之间。因此，有足够的热量可以满足用于乘客舱的气候控制***需求。同时，驱动电池可以在良好隔热的温度窗户内运作，尤其是一天结束的时候，当电池容量耗尽，可以置于电池的最优范围，特别地那么最高的电池容量是可利用的。
如果因为酷热、严寒条件下具有设定温度的驱动电池的加热或冷却能力是不够的，温度范围可以相对应地向上或向下改变，这样在充电时驱动电池的温度控制***就可以进行调整。基于此目的，可在车辆的控制***中提供乘客舱、驱动电池各自的温度，并且追踪目标温度数值。
因此，温度范围可以根据之前时期的气候控制***所产生的数值加以调整。
附图说明
本发明的更多细节将在以下附图的基础上进行具体实施例的说明。如下所示：
图1示出的是公共汽车乘客舱的示意图侧视图，包括驱动电池和气候控制***的图示；
图2示出的是图1中的视图，包括冷却驱动电池的部件。
具体实施方式
图中所示为电池电动小公共汽车的乘客舱，乘客舱用1表示，该电池电动小公共汽车有四排座位5，并设有隔热层3。
在乘客舱1的隔热层3内部，通常在乘客舱的底部，1000公斤范围内的大的驱动电池2被置于另一个隔热层4中，该另一个隔热层由尽可能与周围环境保持良好关系的隔热层组成。
驱动电池2连接到加热冷却回路6，根据本发明，该加热冷却回路6还用于乘客舱1的气候控制利用了驱动电池2的高热容量。
加热冷却回路6包括由相应线路连接的部件，并且通过冷却液利用驱动电池2加热或冷却进行气候控制。
用于加热和冷却舱的热交换通过水回路6进行，就像内燃发动机的甘油冷却剂，区别在于它还可以冷却。电子高压PTC加热元件7、下游热交换器8集合在这个回路中，当没有风机马达时电子高压PTC加热元件7在夜间操作时用于调节驱动电池，当需要与乘客舱1的舱内空气L进行热交换时，下游热交换器8和风机马达一起运作，该回路还包括置于电池隔热层4或流动的冷却液中的热交换器9，和用于冷却介质的循环泵10。
因此，冷却剂回路6可以根据设定通过热交换器8，利用驱动电池2的热容量对乘客舱1的空气L进行加热或冷却。
如有必要的话，加热回路6中冷却液的温度可以通过高压PTC加热元件7改变。在这种情况下，对于驱动电池的调节，风机马达保持关闭，只有水附近的PTC元件和水泵保持打开。因此，水附近的PTC元件的下游，温水返回来调节驱动电池。这个设置用于天冷时的夜间对电池进行调节。
由于驱动电池2与所需的热度或冷度相比，具有非常大的热容量，这个容量可以用于乘客舱的气候控制，而不需要大幅度改变其温度。乘客舱的隔热有助于这一过程。
从图2中可以看出，驱动电池2还具有制冷剂回路11，通过制冷剂回路，在充电过程中，驱动电池2可以被带回或冷却到所需的约为12℃的温度范围。
制冷剂回路11包括安装在电池隔热层4或其冷却介质内的蒸发器12、膨胀阀13、冷凝器14和电子压缩机15，与蒸发器12相反，电子压缩机15被安排在乘客舱隔热层外，以便于浪费的热度和冷度能被交换到周围的环境中。
乘客舱1还可供应新鲜空气F并排出污浊空气V。

Claims (8)

1.一种电池电动车辆的气候控制方法，所述电池电动车辆特别是公共汽车，包括具有双层隔热层的驱动电池，通过温度控制***将所述驱动电池不断地保持在一个温度范围内，其中所述温度控制***包括在所述电池周围流动的冷却介质、用于所述冷却介质的电加热***、和用于制冷剂的电动压缩机和蒸发器/冷凝器和控制***，所述电池电动车辆还包括用于乘客舱的气候控制***，所述气候控制***通过热交换器与温度控制***相结合，以便于从所述电池或它的冷却介质中获得加热或冷却。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述乘客舱的所述气候控制***只能从所述驱动电池获得加热或冷却。
3.根据权利要求1或2中所述的方法，其特征在于，在充电过程中，所述驱动电池通过所述电动压缩机和蒸发器冷却到所述温度范围。
4.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述乘客舱的气候控制是通过所述热交换器和来自所述乘客舱的空气来进行的。
5.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，只有作为所述温度控制***的一部分的用于所述冷却介质的所述蒸发器被置于所述驱动电池的所述隔热层内。
6.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述驱动电池的气候控制持续或连续进行，而所述乘客舱的气候控制根据之前的气候控制进行，或在旅途中或使用所述车辆时进行。
7.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述温度范围在4至35摄氏度之间，优选在10至25摄氏度之间，特别优选是12摄氏度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述温度范围是根据之前时期的气候控制所产生的数值来进行调整的。
CN201910783051.9A 2018-08-30 2019-08-23 一种电池电动车辆的气候控制方法 Pending CN110871661A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018214736.1 2018-08-30
DE102018214736.1A DE102018214736A1 (de) 2018-08-30 2018-08-30 Verfahren zum Klimatisieren eines batterie-elektrischen Fahrzeugs

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110871661A true CN110871661A (zh) 2020-03-10

Family

ID=69526725

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910783051.9A Pending CN110871661A (zh) 2018-08-30 2019-08-23 一种电池电动车辆的气候控制方法

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20200076029A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN110871661A (zh)
DE (1) DE102018214736A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113183829A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-07-30 浙江合众新能源汽车有限公司 一种电池包热管理装置及方法

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3626490A1 (en) 2018-09-19 2020-03-25 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for power and load management of a transport climate control system
EP3626489A1 (en) 2018-09-19 2020-03-25 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for energy management of a transport climate control system
US11034213B2 (en) * 2018-09-29 2021-06-15 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for monitoring and displaying energy use and energy cost of a transport vehicle climate control system or a fleet of transport vehicle climate control systems
WO2020142065A1 (en) 2018-12-31 2020-07-09 Thermo King Corporation Methods and systems for providing feedback for a transport climate control system
US12017505B2 (en) 2018-12-31 2024-06-25 Thermo King Llc Methods and systems for providing predictive energy consumption feedback for powering a transport climate control system using external data
US11135894B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2021-10-05 Thermo King Corporation System and method for managing power and efficiently sourcing a variable voltage for a transport climate control system
US11420495B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2022-08-23 Thermo King Corporation Interface system for connecting a vehicle and a transport climate control system
US11458802B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2022-10-04 Thermo King Corporation Optimized power management for a transport climate control energy source
US11214118B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2022-01-04 Thermo King Corporation Demand-side power distribution management for a plurality of transport climate control systems
US10985511B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2021-04-20 Thermo King Corporation Optimized power cord for transferring power to a transport climate control system
US11203262B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2021-12-21 Thermo King Corporation Transport climate control system with an accessory power distribution unit for managing transport climate control loads
US11376922B2 (en) 2019-09-09 2022-07-05 Thermo King Corporation Transport climate control system with a self-configuring matrix power converter
US11447016B2 (en) * 2019-11-01 2022-09-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for battery preconditioning based on selected regenerative braking amount
US11489431B2 (en) 2019-12-30 2022-11-01 Thermo King Corporation Transport climate control system power architecture
WO2022094992A1 (zh) * 2020-11-07 2022-05-12 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 用电设备、制备用电设备的方法及制备用电设备的装置
US11890914B2 (en) 2021-09-07 2024-02-06 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Balancing battery heating and cabin heating with shared thermal-management system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4408960C1 (de) * 1994-03-16 1995-04-27 Daimler Benz Ag Vorrichtung zur Kühlung einer Traktionsbatterie
US7789176B2 (en) * 2007-04-11 2010-09-07 Tesla Motors, Inc. Electric vehicle thermal management system
DE102014214094A1 (de) * 2014-07-21 2016-01-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kühleinrichtung für ein Elektrofahrzeug, Elektrofahrzeug

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113183829A (zh) * 2021-03-24 2021-07-30 浙江合众新能源汽车有限公司 一种电池包热管理装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20200076029A1 (en) 2020-03-05
DE102018214736A1 (de) 2020-03-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN110871661A (zh) 一种电池电动车辆的气候控制方法
US8769977B2 (en) Heat exchanger arrangement
JP4463921B2 (ja) 自動車の停止時空調法
CA2736341C (en) Thermal management system with dual mode coolant loops
CN108973596B (zh) 车辆的加热、通风和空气调节***
US8679659B2 (en) Temperature control of a vehicle battery
US20120241129A1 (en) System for a motor vehicle for heating and/or cooling a battery and a motor vehicle interior
CN107757298B (zh) 喷气增焓热泵空调***和包括该热泵空调***的电动车
CN107867143B (zh) 将热能传递至分配向车辆客舱的空气的方法
US20140053584A1 (en) Climate-control device and method for its operation
US11097635B2 (en) Battery heat management integration system and operation method thereof
US20180272877A1 (en) Electric Vehicle with Thermal Management System
CN108859662A (zh) 一种电动运输车辆的空调***
US20210197644A1 (en) Vehicular heat exchange system and motor unit used in same
CN109927507A (zh) 一种电动汽车用整车液流循环热管理***
CN111559220B (zh) 燃料电池的热管理方法、装置及***
CN114714860A (zh) 热管理***
EP2497661B1 (en) A heating and cooling system for vehicle cabins
CN108275021B (zh) 一种用于电动汽车电池的温度控制装置及一种充电桩
CN215675899U (zh) 热泵温控***及车辆
CN113954697A (zh) 燃料电池辅助***与电池热管理集成***及其控制方法
CN108944504B (zh) 一种基于热泵原理的电动汽车整车热管理***
EP4239254A1 (en) Multi-loop heat-pump air conditioning system supporting low-temperature start of automobile, and automobile
US11305610B2 (en) Thermal system control for a vehicle
CN214672749U (zh) 一种集成式电动汽车热管理***

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination