CN110859080A - Garlic combine harvester deep digging mechanism - Google Patents
Garlic combine harvester deep digging mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN110859080A CN110859080A CN201911322799.5A CN201911322799A CN110859080A CN 110859080 A CN110859080 A CN 110859080A CN 201911322799 A CN201911322799 A CN 201911322799A CN 110859080 A CN110859080 A CN 110859080A
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- depth
- limiting
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- digging
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- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D13/00—Diggers, e.g. potato ploughs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a garlic combine harvester depth-limiting digging mechanism, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The front end of a harvesting rack of the mechanism is provided with a header supported on depth limiting wheels at two sides, a digging shovel extending forwards is arranged below the header, and the front end of the harvesting rack is provided with a seedling dividing device and a seedling holding device; the digging shovel is hinged with the front hanging rod and the lower end of the vibration driving plate, the upper ends of the front hanging rod and the vibration driving plate are respectively hinged with the lower part of the harvesting rack, the middle part of the vibration driving plate is hinged with the front end of the vibration driving rod, and the rear end of the vibration driving rod is in transmission connection with an eccentric vibration driving wheel driven by a power source; the depth wheel is arranged at the lower end of the depth wheel frame which is declined towards the rear and is positioned behind the shovel handle of the vibrating digging shovel. During harvesting operation, the high-frequency vibration of the vibration digging shovel enables the soil breaking and digging to be more labor-saving, and can effectively loosen the clay at the garlic beard part; the depth wheel not only plays a role in limiting the excavation depth, but also can press sundries such as mulching films and the like which are dragged on the excavation shovel handle, and effectively avoids the mulching films from being entangled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a harvester, in particular to a depth-limiting digging mechanism of a garlic combine harvester, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The garlic is one of important economic crops, and the harvesting procedures of the garlic comprise digging and laying, seedling shearing, root cutting, soil removal and cleaning, collection and bagging and the like.
The typical structure of the existing garlic harvesting equipment is disclosed in Chinese patent document with application number 2018111991152, and the multi-row garlic combine harvester depth-limiting digging mechanism comprises a chassis, a digging shovel, a grain guiding device, a soil cleaning device, a flexible clamping device, a seedling cutting device, a seedling dropping device, a conveying disc, a collecting and impurity removing device, a collecting port and a garlic head collecting device; the grain-pulling device positioned at the foremost end of the advancing direction of the garlic harvester comprises a grain-lifting protective cover, a depth-limiting wheel, a grain-lifting bracket, a grain-lifting fixed seat and a grain-lifting rotating shaft. According to introduction, the garlic harvester can realize the harvesting of a plurality of rows of garlic together, and can carry out operations such as digging, clamping and conveying, soil removal and purification, stem cutting and seedling throwing, gathering, vibration and impurity removal, automatic collection and the like on the garlic at one time; meanwhile, the garlic harvesting quality is guaranteed by the soil purifying device and the gathering impurity removing device, the garlic collecting device with the infrared detector can be automatically assembled and disassembled, and the harvesting quality is improved.
However, the garlic main production area is mostly planted with mulching films, the planting density is high, and the soil is often clay, so that the problems that the mulching films are wound on the digging shovel handle and the clay of the shoveled garlic is difficult to clean are often encountered when mechanical harvesting is realized, the harvesting quality of the garlic is affected, and even the smoothness of harvesting operation is affected in severe cases. The prior art does not solve the problem of garlic whisker clay and the problem of removing sundries such as residual film and the like wound on the handle of the digging shovel.
The Chinese patent document with the application number of 201710212235.0 discloses a multi-row garlic harvester, which comprises a frame, a garlic lifting and feeding unit, a boosting vibration shovel and a garlic breaking unit, wherein the garlic conveying unit is arranged on the frame, the garlic breaking and feeding unit is fixedly connected with the frame, the front end of the garlic lifting and feeding unit is provided with a grass cutting and grain dividing device, the boosting vibration shovel comprises a mounting seat and a vibration rod, the mounting seat is hinged with the frame through a hinge shaft, the vibration rod penetrates through the mounting seat, one end of the vibration rod is fixedly connected with an arrow shovel, the other end of the vibration rod is fixedly connected with a power source, the power source drives the vibration rod to move along the axial direction, the power source comprises a motor fixedly connected on the mounting seat and an eccentric vibration driving wheel fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor, and the eccentric vibration driving. According to the technical scheme, the motor drives the vibrating rod to reciprocate along the axial direction of the vibrating rod through the eccentric driving vibrating wheel, although the impact force during reciprocation is utilized to overcome soil resistance, so that soil breaking is more labor-saving, the defect is that the effect of removing garlic beard clay is not large, and each row is driven by the respective motor through the independent driving vibrating mechanisms, because the rotating speeds of the motors cannot be completely consistent and the eccentric driving vibrating phase is not adjustable, the vibration of the whole machine is uncontrollable, the resonance phenomenon can occur periodically, and tests show that equipment is easy to damage; in addition, the fixed grass cutting edge on the shovel handle is unsupported for cutting, and sundries such as residual films and the like which are dragged cannot be cut off.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the depth-limiting digging mechanism of the garlic combine harvester is strong in digging capacity, good in effects of shaking and removing clay and preventing mulching films from being entangled.
In order to achieve the purposes, the garlic combine harvester depth-limiting digging mechanism has the following basic technical scheme:
the harvester comprises a harvesting table frame arranged on a harvesting table mounting frame arranged at the front part of a chassis, wherein a cutting table supported on depth limiting wheels at two sides is arranged at the front end of the harvesting table frame, a digging shovel extending forwards is arranged below the cutting table, and a seedling dividing device and a seedling holding device are arranged at the front end of the cutting table;
the middle part and the rear part of a shovel handle of the digging shovel are respectively hinged with the lower ends of a front hanging rod and a vibration driving plate through a front fulcrum shaft and a rear fulcrum shaft, the upper ends of the front hanging rod and the vibration driving plate are respectively hinged with the lower part of the cutting table, the middle part of the vibration driving plate is hinged with the front end of the vibration driving rod, and the rear end of the vibration driving rod is in transmission connection with an eccentric vibration driving wheel driven by a power source;
the depth wheel is arranged at the lower end of the depth wheel frame which is declined backwards and is positioned behind a shovel handle of the vibrating digging shovel; the upper end of the depth limiting wheel frame is hinged to the front lower portion of the harvesting rack, the lower end of a guide rod is hinged to the middle of the depth limiting wheel frame, the upper end of the guide rod penetrates through a guide hole of an upper hinge pin arranged on an inclined support pipe of the harvesting rack to form a moving pair, and a depth limiting pressure spring enabling the depth limiting wheel to tend to press forwards and downwards is arranged on the guide rod.
During harvesting operation, the high-frequency vibration of the vibration digging shovel can not only generate impact force to lead to more labor-saving soil breaking and digging, but also effectively loosen the clay at the garlic beard part by the sieving and winnowing vibration of the digging shovel which is similar to an elliptical track because the digging shovel is essentially a connecting rod which drives the vibration double-rocker mechanism to do plane motion, thereby being convenient for cleaning; in addition, the depth wheel not only plays a role in limiting the excavating depth, but also can press sundries such as a mulching film and the like dragged on the excavating shovel handle due to the forward downward pressing trend of the depth wheel positioned behind the vibrating excavating shovel handle, thereby effectively avoiding the mulching film from being entangled.
The invention has the further perfection that the front hanging rod is composed of a screw rod mechanism with adjustable length, so that the length proportion of two rocking rods of the driving and vibrating double-rocking-rod mechanism can be adjusted and changed as required, the motion track of the digging shovel is more ideal, the forward motion speed and acceleration can be relatively high, and the digging and soil shaking are more facilitated.
The invention is further perfected in that a front support leg with vertical and horizontal pin positions is further hinged at the upper end hinge of the depth-limiting wheel frame, so that the depth-limiting wheel can be positioned in a horizontal state by means of a limiting pin during operation, and the depth-limiting wheel lands; and when the device is parked, the limiting position is changed, so that the device vertically supports the ground, and the depth limiting wheel and the vibration digging shovel are overhead, and the plastic deformation caused by the fact that the driving vibration shaft, the depth limiting pressure spring and the like are in a stressed state when the device is parked for a long time can be avoided.
The invention is further perfected in that the lower part of the guide rod is provided with a thread section for adjusting the compression amount of the depth-limiting compression spring through an adjusting nut, and the pre-tightening force of the depth-limiting compression spring can be set according to requirements.
The invention is further perfected in that the upper end of the guide rod is provided with an external thread for installing a limit nut.
The invention is further perfected in that the rear middle lower part of the harvesting platform mounting frame is hinged at the front end of the harvester chassis and is supported on the harvester chassis through rotary oil cylinders at two sides; the upper part of the harvesting table mounting frame is hinged with hanging lugs on the harvesting table frame through horizontal hanging shafts on two sides, and two sides of the harvesting table frame are supported on the harvesting table mounting frame through lifting oil cylinders respectively.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a garlic combine harvester adopting the depth-limiting digging mechanism of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the harvesting table of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a vibration-initiating structure in the harvesting platform depth-limiting excavation mechanism of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a depth stop structure in the harvesting platform depth stop digging mechanism of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
Example one
The depth-limiting digging mechanism of the embodiment is arranged at the front end of the multi-row garlic combine harvester shown in figure 1. A crawler-type walking chassis 9 of the combine harvester is provided with a garlic head lifting clear soil conveying device 10 and a self-unloading fruit collecting bin 11, wherein the front part of the combine harvester is provided with a harvesting table frame 3 capable of floating up and down and a conveying rod chain device 2, 2-15 and 2-16 for collecting and discharging garlic heads are respectively a collecting hopper and a discharging groove of the device through a harvesting table mounting frame 1 capable of rotating left and right and floating; the front end of the harvesting rack 3 is provided with a plurality of single-way cutting tables 5 supported on the depth limiting wheels 4 at two sides, each single-way cutting table 5 is provided with a clamping conveying chain along the conveying direction from low to high, a digging shovel 6 extending forwards is arranged below each single-way cutting table 5, and the front end of each single-way cutting table is provided with a seedling dividing device 7 and a seedling holding device 8.
The specific structure of the depth-limiting excavating mechanism is as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the middle part and the rear part of a shovel handle of an excavating shovel 6 are hinged with the lower ends of a front hanging rod 6-1 and a driving vibration plate 6-4 through a front fulcrum 6-2 and a rear fulcrum 6-3 respectively, the upper ends of the front hanging rod 6-1 and the driving vibration plate 6-4 are hinged with the lower part of a cutting table 5 respectively, the middle part of the driving vibration plate 6-4 is hinged with the front end of a driving vibration rod 6-7 through a front driving vibration pin 6-5, and the rear end of the driving vibration rod 6-7 is in transmission connection with an eccentric driving vibration wheel 3-8 driven by the excavating shovel driving vibration shaft 3-7 through a rear driving vibration pin 6-8 and a power source; actually, a double-rocker vibration mechanism with an eccentric wheel driven by a vibration driving rod 6-7 is formed, a digging shovel 6 in the mechanism is a connecting rod which does plane motion in nature, and a front hanging rod 6-1 is formed by a screw rod mechanism with adjustable length, so that the approximate elliptical track of the digging shovel and the relation between the speed and the acceleration of the process and the return stroke of the digging shovel can be changed by adjusting the length of the front hanging rod according to the requirement of digging depth.
The depth wheel 4 is arranged on a depth wheel shaft 4-1 at the lower end of a depth wheel frame 4-8 which inclines backwards and is positioned behind a shovel handle of the vibrating digging shovel 6; the upper end of a depth wheel limit frame 4-8 is hinged at the front lower part of the harvesting table frame 3 through a mounting pin 4-10, the middle part of the depth wheel limit frame 4-8 is hinged at the lower end of a guide rod 4-6 through a lower hinge pin 4-3, the upper end of the guide rod 4-6 penetrates through a guide hole of an upper hinge pin 4-5 arranged on an inclined support pipe 3-13 of the harvesting table frame 3 to form a moving pair, and a depth pressure spring 4-4 enabling the depth wheel 4 to tend to be pressed forwards and downwards is arranged on the guide rod 4-6. The lower part of the guide rod 4-6 is provided with a thread section for adjusting the compression amount of the depth-limiting pressure spring 4-4 through the adjusting nut 4-11, and the upper end is provided with an external thread for installing the limiting nut 4-12, so that the pressing pre-tightening force of the depth-limiting pressure spring 4-4 and the maximum elastic pressing stroke of the depth-limiting wheel 4 can be adjusted as required. In addition, a right-angle frame-shaped front support leg 4-7 which can realize vertical and horizontal pin positioning by virtue of a limiting pin 4-9 is hinged at the hinged part of a mounting pin 4-10 at the upper end of the depth wheel frame 4-8, and can be positioned in a horizontal state by virtue of the limiting pin 4-9 during operation, so that the depth wheel lands; and when the device is parked, the limiting position is changed to be in the vertical supporting position shown in the figure, the depth wheel 4 and the digging shovel 6 are overhead, and the protection effect on parts such as a driving vibration shaft, a depth limiting pressure spring and the like is achieved.
The rear middle lower part of the harvesting platform mounting frame 1 of the embodiment is hinged at the front end of a harvesting machine chassis 9 and is supported on the harvesting machine chassis 9 through rotary oil cylinders 1-28 at two sides, the upper part of the harvesting platform mounting frame 1 is hinged with hanging lugs 3-2 on the harvesting platform frame 3 through horizontal hanging shafts 1-22 at two sides, a seedling dividing device 7, a seedling lifting device 8, a digging shovel 6 and a depth limiting wheel 4 are all arranged at the front part of a corresponding cutting platform 5 of the harvesting platform frame 3, two sides of the harvesting platform frame 3 are respectively supported on the harvesting platform mounting frame 1 through lifting oil cylinders 3-5, thereby forming a composite mechanism that the harvesting platform frame 3 capable of floating up and down is superposed on the harvesting platform mounting frame 1 capable of rotating left and right, thereby realizing the whole front and back up and down floating of the harvesting platform as required by controlling the extension of a lifting oil cylinder and a rotary oil cylinder piston according to the actual field conditions, further leading the digging depth of the harvesting machine to be, avoid garlic digging damage and ensure harvest quality.
Experiments prove that the garlic combine harvester adopting the depth-limiting digging mechanism can realize high-frequency vibration digging, not only can soil loosen to facilitate digging out garlic, but also can remove clay on garlic whiskers through vibration to facilitate subsequent clearing, and meanwhile, the depth-limiting wheel is positioned behind the vibration digging shovel handle, so that the reasonable digging depth can be limited, and sundries such as a mulching film and the like hung on the digging shovel handle can be pressed, and the harvesting quality of the garlic is effectively improved.
Claims (6)
1. A garlic combine harvester depth-limiting digging mechanism comprises a harvesting rack (3) arranged on a harvesting rack mounting frame (1) at the front part of a chassis (9), a cutting table (5) supported on depth-limiting wheels (4) at two sides is arranged at the front end of the harvesting rack (3), a digging shovel (6) extending forwards is arranged below the cutting table (5), and a grain dividing device (7) and a grain supporting device (8) are arranged at the front end of the cutting table; the method is characterized in that:
the middle part and the rear part of a shovel handle of the digging shovel (6) are respectively hinged with the lower ends of a front hanging rod (6-1) and a vibration driving plate (6-4) through a front fulcrum (6-2) and a rear fulcrum (6-3), the upper ends of the front hanging rod (6-1) and the vibration driving plate (6-4) are respectively hinged with the lower part of the cutting table (5), the middle part of the vibration driving plate (6-4) is hinged with the front end of the vibration driving rod (6-7), and the rear end of the vibration driving rod (6-7) is in transmission connection with an eccentric vibration driving wheel (3-8) driven by a power source;
the depth wheel (4) is arranged at the lower end of a depth wheel frame (4-8) which inclines backwards and is positioned behind a shovel handle of the vibrating digging shovel (6); the upper end of the depth limiting wheel frame (4-8) is hinged to the front lower portion of the harvesting rack (3), the lower end of a guide rod (4-6) is hinged to the middle of the depth limiting wheel frame (4-8), the upper end of the guide rod (4-6) penetrates through a guide hole of an upper hinge pin (4-5) arranged on an inclined support pipe of the harvesting rack (3) to form a moving pair, and a depth limiting compression spring (4-4) enabling the depth limiting wheel (4) to tend to be pressed downwards forwards is arranged on the guide rod (4-6).
2. The garlic combine harvester depth-limiting digging mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the front hanging rod (6-1) is composed of a screw rod mechanism with adjustable length.
3. The garlic combine harvester depth-limiting digging mechanism of claim 2, wherein: the hinged part at the upper end of the depth-limiting wheel frame (4-8) is also hinged with a front support leg (4-7) with a vertical pin position and a horizontal pin position.
4. The garlic combine harvester depth-limiting digging mechanism of claim 3, wherein: the lower part of the guide rod (4-6) is provided with a thread section which can adjust the compression amount of the depth-limiting compression spring (4-4) through an adjusting nut (4-11).
5. The garlic combine harvester depth-limiting digging mechanism of claim 4, wherein: the upper end of the guide rod (4-6) is provided with an external thread for installing a limit nut (4-12).
6. The garlic combine harvester depth-limiting digging mechanism as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the rear middle lower part of the harvesting table mounting frame (1) is hinged to the front end of a harvester chassis (9) and is supported on the harvester chassis (9) through rotary oil cylinders (1-28) on two sides; the upper part of the harvesting table mounting frame (1) is hinged with hanging lugs (3-2) on the harvesting table mounting frame (3) through horizontal hanging shafts (1-22) on two sides, and two sides of the harvesting table mounting frame (3) are supported on the harvesting table mounting frame (1) through lifting oil cylinders (3-5) respectively.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911322799.5A CN110859080B (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Deep-limiting digging mechanism of garlic combine harvester |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911322799.5A CN110859080B (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Deep-limiting digging mechanism of garlic combine harvester |
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| CN110859080A true CN110859080A (en) | 2020-03-06 |
| CN110859080B CN110859080B (en) | 2024-06-18 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115024075A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-09 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Potato crop combine harvester |
| CN118176911A (en) * | 2024-04-10 | 2024-06-14 | 临沂华翔鑫农业机械制造有限公司 | Garlic combine harvester and garlic harvesting method |
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| CN110859080B (en) | 2024-06-18 |
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