CN110854396A - PtAg nanocrystalline with porous double-hollow-sphere structure and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
PtAg nanocrystalline with porous double-hollow-sphere structure and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110854396A CN110854396A CN201911080312.7A CN201911080312A CN110854396A CN 110854396 A CN110854396 A CN 110854396A CN 201911080312 A CN201911080312 A CN 201911080312A CN 110854396 A CN110854396 A CN 110854396A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention discloses a PtAg nanocrystalline with a porous double hollow sphere structure, a preparation method thereof and application of the material as a methanol oxidation anode catalyst. The method has mild condition, high yield, no pollution and suitability for commercial production. The obtained porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal used as a methanol oxidation anode catalyst has the advantages of excellent electrocatalytic activity, stability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a PtAg nanocrystal with a porous double-hollow-sphere structure, an obtained material and application of the material as a methanol oxidation anode catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of Pt-based alloy nanocrystals.
Background
The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a new energy device with wide application prospect in the 21 st century, and has the common advantages of Fuel cells, such as high power generation efficiency and less environmental pollution, and the PEMFC also has the advantages of quick start at room temperature, no Electrolyte loss, high specific power, long service life and the like.
Pt has been widely accepted as the most effective MOR catalyst, however, one approach to the problem of how to increase the efficiency of Pt catalysts is to combine Pt with other transition metals to form a homogeneous Pt-based alloy catalyst, such as: PtCu, PtAg, PtCo, PtMn, PtRu, PtNi, and the like. The increase in catalytic activity compared to the corresponding mono-component can be attributed to the bifunctional mechanism and electronic effect between Pt and other metals. However, the formation of Pt-based alloys inevitably leads to a reduction in Pt active atoms on the surface of the catalyst, and therefore, an ideal Pt-based alloy catalyst should have a characteristic of being rich in Pt on the surface.
In addition to chemical composition, the catalytic performance of Pt-based catalysts also depends on their surface morphology or surface structure. Porous Pt-based nanostructures have been demonstrated as important catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion due to their excellent physical and chemical properties, such as: (1) the porous structure provides a sufficiently large space for the active species to land on, which provides a short diffusion path for reactants and products; (2) the special porous structure can effectively inhibit the Ostwald ripening effect, thereby improving the electron transfer between solid band gaps and promoting the mass transfer between substrate molecules; (3) the double-hollow-sphere structure has the advantages of large specific surface area, small surface energy, stable structure and the like, can provide more active sites for electrocatalytic reaction, and has better catalytic stability.
However, the existing porous Pt-based catalyst also has some defects, such as few active sites and unstable structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a PtAg nanocrystal with a porous double-hollow-sphere structure and a preparation method and application thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of PtAg nanocrystals comprises the steps of taking Pt salt and Ag salt as metal precursors, taking N' N-methylene bisacrylamide as a structure directing agent, adding a reducing agent, and carrying out one-step hydrothermal reaction to obtain the PtAg nanocrystals.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
the solvent of the hydrothermal reaction is selected from water.
The reducing agent is selected from ascorbic acid.
The molar ratio of the N' N-methylene bisacrylamide to the sum of the two metal precursors is (1-100): 1.
The Pt salt is selected from H2PtCl6Or K2PtCl4(ii) a The Ag salt is AgNO3Or Ag (OAc).
The molar ratio of the Pt salt to the Ag salt is (0.01-100): 1.
the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 100-200 ℃, and the time is 15-300 min.
The invention also provides the PtAg nanocrystalline material prepared by the preparation method.
The invention finally provides the application of the PtAg nanocrystalline material as a methanol oxidation anode catalyst. The material is used as a methanol oxidation anode catalyst and has excellent performance.
Ag is 3d transition metal, has rich reserves and can form a PtAg alloy structure with Pt. The doping of Ag in the invention can further reduce the dosage of the noble metal Pt, thereby effectively improving the atom utilization efficiency of the noble metal Pt. Meanwhile, the doped Ag atoms and the Pt atoms have a synergistic effect, so that the electronic structure of the Pt atoms can be effectively improved, and the methanol oxidation electrocatalysis performance of the Pt-based nano catalyst is greatly improved.
Besides the influence of composition and structure, the activity of the electrocatalyst depends on the morphology of the electrocatalyst to a great extent, the binary PtAg alloy nano-porous double hollow sphere structure prepared by the invention exposes large specific surface area and rich active sites, has small surface energy and good stability, and the porous structure is beneficial to mass transfer of reactants and products, so that the MOR electrocatalytic activity and stability are greatly improved.
The method expands the preparation of the PtAg alloy from the simple substance prepared by the existing hydrothermal method to the preparation of the PtAg alloy by the hydrothermal method, so that the product with a special appearance, namely the appearance of the porous double hollow sphere, is green and pollution-free due to the fact that the reaction solvent is a pure water phase.
The technical effects are as follows: compared with the traditional preparation method, the PtAg alloy nanocrystalline with unique porous double hollow sphere morphology and structure is synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystalline material disclosed by the invention is mild in preparation conditions, simple and efficient in preparation, and has good anode methanol oxidation electrocatalytic activity and stability.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the preparation of the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal with unique morphology only needs a one-step hydrothermal method, is simple to operate and mild in conditions, and effectively reduces energy consumption.
2) The PtAg nanocrystal with the porous double-hollow-sphere structure, which is prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method and has a uniform size and a regular shape, has a porous structure, is a double hollow sphere in appearance, and is beneficial to structural stability and exposure of more reactive active sites.
3) The result shows that the prepared porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal shows higher catalytic activity and stability to anodic Methanol Oxidation (MOR) reaction, and the prepared porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal has a potential anodic methanol oxidation electrocatalyst and has a wide application prospect in the field of future new energy.
4) The preparation method is simple and economic, green and pollution-free, and can realize large-scale production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM spectrum of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal prepared by the method disclosed by the invention.
FIG. 2 is an SEM spectrum of the PtAg nanocrystal of the porous double hollow sphere prepared by the method.
FIG. 3 is an XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectrum of the PtAg nano-crystal of the porous double hollow sphere prepared by the method.
Fig. 4 is a cyclic voltammogram of a commercial Pt black, porous hollow double sphere PtAg nanocrystal in 0.5M sulfuric acid.
Fig. 5 shows methanol oxidation catalysis curves of commercial Pt black and porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystals, respectively.
FIG. 6 shows a commercial Pt black, porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal with 0.5M H2SO4+1.0MCH at 0.6V3Chronoamperometric profile in OH solution
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of reaction solution: 8mL of water was used as a solvent, to which 0.75mL of 0.05M H was added2PtCl6Aqueous solution with 0.25mL of 0.05M AgNO3The aqueous solution is fully mixed by ultrasonic waves to be evenly mixed, then 10mL (10mg/mL) of N' N-methylene-bisacrylamide is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ultrasonic waves.
2) Preparing a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an oven at 160 ℃ for reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the obtained black precipitate product for 5min at 10000rpm, and washing with ethanol for four times to obtain the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal.
Example 2
A preparation method of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of reaction solution: 8mL of water was used as a solvent, to which 0.75mL of 0.05M H was added2PtCl6Aqueous solution with 0.25mL of 0.05M AgNO3The aqueous solution is fully mixed by ultrasonic waves to be evenly mixed, then 1mL (10mg/mL) of N' N-methylene-bisacrylamide is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ultrasonic waves.
2) Preparing a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an oven at 160 ℃ for reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the obtained black precipitate product for 5min at 10000rpm, and washing with ethanol for four times to obtain the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal.
Example 3
A preparation method of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of reaction solution: 8mL of water was used as a solvent, to which 0.75mL of 0.05M H was added2PtCl6Aqueous solution with 0.25mL of 0.05M AgNO3The aqueous solution is fully mixed by ultrasonic waves to be evenly mixed, then 10mL (100mg/mL) of N' N-methylene-bisacrylamide is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ultrasonic waves.
2) Preparing a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an oven at 160 ℃ for reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the obtained black precipitate product for 5min at 10000rpm, and washing with ethanol for four times to obtain the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal.
Example 4
A preparation method of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of reaction solution: preparation of reaction solution: 8mL of water was used as a solvent, to which 0.75mL of 0.05M K was added2PtCl4Aqueous solution with 0.25mL of 0.05M AgNO3The aqueous solution is fully mixed by ultrasonic waves to be evenly mixed, then 10mL (10mg/mL) of N' N-methylene-bisacrylamide is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ultrasonic waves.
2) Preparing a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an oven at 160 ℃ for reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the obtained black precipitate product for 5min at 10000rpm, and washing with ethanol for four times to obtain the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal.
Example 5
A preparation method of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of reaction solution: preparation of reaction solution: preparation of reaction solution: 8mL of water was used as a solvent, and 7.5mL of 0.05M K was added thereto2PtCl4Aqueous solution with 0.25mL of 0.05M AgNO3The aqueous solution is fully mixed by ultrasonic waves to be evenly mixed, then 10mL (10mg/mL) of N' N-methylene-bisacrylamide is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ultrasonic waves.
2) Preparing a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an oven at 160 ℃ for reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the obtained black precipitate product for 5min at 10000rpm, and washing with ethanol for four times to obtain the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal.
Example 6
A preparation method of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of reaction solution: 8mL of water was used as a solvent, to which 0.75mL of 0.05M H was added2PtCl6Aqueous solution and 2.5mL of 0.05M AgNO3The aqueous solution is fully mixed by ultrasonic waves to be evenly mixed, then 10mL (10mg/mL) of N' N-methylene-bisacrylamide is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ultrasonic waves.
2) Preparing a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an oven at 160 ℃ for reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the obtained black precipitate product for 5min at 10000rpm, and washing with ethanol for four times to obtain the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal.
Example 7
A preparation method of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of reaction solution: preparation of reaction solution: 8mL of water was used as a solvent, to which 0.75mL of 0.05M H was added2PtCl6Aqueous solution and 25. mu.L of 0.05M AgNO3The aqueous solution is fully mixed by ultrasonic waves to be evenly mixed, then 10mL (10mg/mL) of N' N-methylene-bisacrylamide is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ultrasonic waves.
2) Preparing a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an oven at 160 ℃ for reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the obtained black precipitate product for 5min at 10000rpm, and washing with ethanol for four times to obtain the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal.
Example 8
A preparation method of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of reaction solution: 8mL of water was used as a solvent, to which 0.75mL of 0.05M H was added2PtCl6Aqueous solution and 25. mu.L of 0.05M AgNO3The aqueous solution is fully mixed by ultrasonic waves to be evenly mixed, then 10mL (100mg/mL) of N' N-methylene-bisacrylamide is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ultrasonic waves. .
2) Preparing a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an oven at 160 ℃ for reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the obtained black precipitate product for 5min at 10000rpm, and washing with ethanol for four times to obtain the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal.
Example 9
A preparation method of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of reaction solution: preparation of reaction solution: 8mL of water was used as a solvent, to which 0.75mL of 0.05M H was added2PtCl6Aqueous solution with 0.25mL of 0.05M AgNO3The aqueous solution is fully mixed by ultrasonic waves to be evenly mixed, then 10mL (10mg/mL) of N' N-methylene-bisacrylamide is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ultrasonic waves.
2) Preparing a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an oven at 100 ℃ for reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the obtained black precipitate product for 5min at 10000rpm, and washing with ethanol for four times to obtain the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal.
Example 10
A preparation method of a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of reaction solution: preparation of reaction solution: 8mL of water was used as a solvent, to which 0.75mL of 0.05M H was added2PtCl6Aqueous solution with 0.25mL of 0.05M AgNO3The aqueous solution is fully mixed by ultrasonic waves to be evenly mixed, then 10mL (10mg/mL) of N' N-methylene-bisacrylamide is added, and the mixture is evenly mixed by ultrasonic waves.
2) Preparing a porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal: and (3) placing the reaction solution in an oven at 200 ℃ for reaction for 4h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the obtained black precipitate product for 5min at 10000rpm, and washing with ethanol for four times to obtain the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal. .
And performing morphology characterization on the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal prepared by the implementation by adopting TEM and SEM technologies. From both the TEM image (fig. 1) and the SEM image (fig. 2), it can be seen that the prepared catalyst has a distinct porous double hollow sphere structure. From FIG. 3, the XRD pattern revealed that all diffraction peak positions were between those shown on the standard cards of pure Pt (JCPDS: 04-0802) and pure Ag (JCPDS: 04-0783), and that there was no peak coincident with the standard cards, demonstrating that the catalyst precursor composition was an alloy structure. Fig. 4 is a cyclic voltammetry curve obtained by using commercial Pt black and a porous hollow double sphere PtAg nanocrystal in 0.5M sulfuric acid, and it can be seen from the hydrogen absorption and desorption peak area that the porous hollow double sphere PtAg nanocrystal has a larger electrochemical catalytic active area than the commercial Pt black; fig. 5 is a methanol oxidation catalytic curve of the commercial Pt black and porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal, and it can be seen that the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal has more excellent methanol oxidation catalytic activity than the commercial Pt black. FIG. 6 shows a commercial Pt black, porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal with 0.5M H2SO4+1.0M CH at 0.6V3The timing current curve in OH solution shows that the porous double hollow sphere PtAg nanocrystal has better catalytic stability than the commercial Pt blackAnd (5) performing qualitative determination.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of PtAg nanocrystals is characterized by comprising the steps of taking Pt salt and Ag salt as metal precursors, taking N' N-methylene bisacrylamide as a structure directing agent, adding a reducing agent, and carrying out one-step hydrothermal reaction to obtain the PtAg nanocrystals.
2. The method for preparing PtAg nanocrystals according to claim 1, wherein the solvent for the hydrothermal reaction is selected from water.
3. The method for preparing PtAg nanocrystals according to claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is selected from ascorbic acid.
4. The preparation method of the PtAg nanocrystal, according to claim 1, characterized in that the molar ratio of the N' N-methylene bisacrylamide to the sum of the two metal precursors is (1-100): 1.
5. The method for preparing PtAg nanocrystals according to claim 1, wherein the Pt salt is selected from H2PtCl6Or K2PtCl4(ii) a The Ag salt is AgNO3Or Ag (OAc).
6. The preparation method of PtAg nanocrystals according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the Pt salt to the Ag salt is (0.01-100): 1.
7. the method for preparing PtAg nanocrystals according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal reaction is carried out at a temperature of 100 to 200 ℃ for 15 to 300 min.
8. PtAg nanocrystalline material obtainable by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the PtAg nanocrystalline material according to claim 8 as a methanol oxidation anode catalyst.
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PCT/CN2020/127000 WO2021088959A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2020-11-06 | Ptag nanocrystal having porous double hollow sphere structure, and preparation method and application thereof |
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CN111864218A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-30 | 北京科技大学 | Universal liquid phase preparation method of noble metal-based intermetallic compound |
WO2021088959A1 (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-14 | 南京师范大学 | Ptag nanocrystal having porous double hollow sphere structure, and preparation method and application thereof |
CN113016823A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-25 | 南京师范大学 | Preparation method of photo-thermal antibacterial near-infrared bimetallic nanoparticles |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021088959A1 (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-14 | 南京师范大学 | Ptag nanocrystal having porous double hollow sphere structure, and preparation method and application thereof |
CN111864218A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-30 | 北京科技大学 | Universal liquid phase preparation method of noble metal-based intermetallic compound |
CN113016823A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-25 | 南京师范大学 | Preparation method of photo-thermal antibacterial near-infrared bimetallic nanoparticles |
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