CN110847114A

CN110847114A - Hybrid floating breakwater with safety

Info

Publication number: CN110847114A
Application number: CN201911226250.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖辉; 李焱
Original assignee: Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering MOT
Current assignee: Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering MOT
Priority date: 2019-12-04
Filing date: 2019-12-04
Publication date: 2020-02-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybrid floating breakwater with safety, which consists of a flexible floating body and a rigid box body, wherein a support frame is arranged at the flexible bottom, the support frame is connected with the rigid box body through a connecting anchor chain, and the rigid box body is fixed with an anchor pier arranged at the sea bottom through an anchoring anchor chain; the invention has simple structure, convenient material taking, good wave-eliminating effect and safety, can provide effective shielding for aquaculture, artificial bathing beach, yacht wharf, harbor wave prevention and other sea areas, and has wide application range.

Description

Hybrid floating breakwater with safety

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering, and particularly relates to a hybrid floating breakwater with safety.

Background

The breakwater is a common harbor and coast engineering building, is used for defending the invasion of sea waves to harbors and operation areas, maintaining the stability of water areas in harbors, ensuring the safety of ship loading and unloading operation, ocean culture and ocean engineering construction operation, and simultaneously improving the design conditions of buildings such as wharfs, revetments and the like in harbors. Common types of breakwater include conventional solid foundation breakwaters and floating breakwaters. The traditional solid foundation type breakwater can well shield the water area in the harbor and has longer service life, but has larger defects, such as the engineering cost is increased sharply and the construction difficulty is increased along with the increase of the engineering water depth and the deterioration of the foundation condition; the water body circulation of the shield area is limited, and the influence on the environment is large.

The floating breakwater is a wave-proof structure generated according to the principle that most wave energy is concentrated on the surface layer of a water body by 2-3 times the thickness of the wave and the high water layer, and the floating body with a certain depth of water is used for reflecting and dissipating the wave energy (including wave breaking, friction, turbulence, vibration and the like), so that the purposes of wave absorption and wave prevention are achieved. Compared with the traditional solid foundation breakwater, the floating breakwater has the characteristics of strong seawater exchange function, no change of water flow and sediment movement conditions, less influence on marine environment, low manufacturing cost, low requirement on foundation and the like, and is more and more widely applied.

The floating breakwater can be divided into rigid and flexible ones according to the elastic properties of the floating body material. The rigid floating breakwater does not deform under the action of waves, and the wave absorption mode is mainly reflection; the flexible breakwater can change the shape under the action of waves, the wave-absorbing mode is mainly dissipation, but the wave-absorbing effect is poor, especially when the wave height is large. The hybrid floating breakwater is a floating breakwater combining the characteristics of rigid and flexible materials.

The floating breakwater has the main defects that the wave energy of the whole water depth cannot be blocked, the wave penetration rate is greatly higher than that of a solid breakwater, so the wave dissipation effect of the floating breakwater is always a concern of engineering technicians, and the improvement on the structural form of the floating breakwater is continuously researched. Meanwhile, the floating breakwater is restrained to float on the water surface by the anchoring system, and under severe sea conditions, once the mooring anchor chain is broken under the action of strong waves, the free floating state of the floating breakwater (such as a reinforced concrete structure) made of rigid materials undoubtedly threatens the safety of offshore navigation ships and other marine structures.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a hybrid floating breakwater with good wave-breaking effect and certain safety for solving the technical problems in the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems in the prior art is as follows:

1. a hybrid floating breakwater with safety is composed of a flexible floating body and a rigid box body; the flexible bottom is provided with a support frame, the support frame is connected with the rigid box body through a connecting anchor chain, and the rigid box body is fixed with an anchor pier arranged on the seabed through an anchoring anchor chain; and a balancing weight is arranged in the rigid box body.

The first anchor chain is connected between the support frame and the rigid box body in an inverted splayed manner, and an included angle between the connecting anchor chain and the rigid box body in the vertical direction is 25-45 degrees; the length of the material is 0.5 m-0.8 m.

The support frame consists of longitudinal beams, cross beams and cantilever plates at two sides; the size of the support frame is smaller than that of the flexible floating body and larger than that of the rigid box body; the longitudinal beams and the cross beams form a grid structure, and staggered holes are formed in each cantilever plate.

Advantageous effects

Firstly), the gravity center of the whole floating dike is lower, and the floating dike is beneficial to inhibiting the motion of the floating body.

The invention is composed of a flexible floating body and a rigid box body, and has the wave absorption functions of reflection and dissipation, the flexible floating body can be made of waste tires, rubber bodies, air bags or other flexible materials, and the rigid box body is made of reinforced concrete, so that the material is convenient to obtain and is simple to manufacture.

And thirdly), the flexible floating body and the rigid box body are connected through the anchor chain, the phase difference of relative motion of the flexible floating body and the rigid box body can play a certain wave eliminating role under the action of waves, and the space connected by the anchor chain between the flexible floating body and the rigid box body and the cantilever plates with holes on two sides of the supporting frame form a wave eliminating space together, so that a better wave eliminating effect is achieved.

Fourthly) because the weight of the rigid box body at the lower layer is larger than the buoyancy, the motion amplitude of the rigid box body under the action of waves is obviously reduced, and the stress of the anchoring anchor chain can be effectively reduced.

Fifthly), under the condition of extremely severe sea conditions, once the floating dike is damaged, the connecting anchor chain is broken before the anchoring anchor chain, the rigid box body is sunk to the sea bottom, and the harmfulness of the drifting of the upper floating body to surrounding structures and passing ships is fully reduced due to the flexible body.

In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient material acquisition, good wave-eliminating effect and safety, can provide effective shielding for aquiculture, artificial bathing beach, yacht dock, harbor wave prevention and other sea areas, and has wide application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the support frame;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the front and rear cantilevered panels.

In the figure: 1. the flexible floating body 2, the rigid box body 3, the support frame 31, the longitudinal beam 32, the cross beam 4, the front side cantilever plate 5, the rear side cantilever plate 6, the connecting anchor chain 7, the anchoring anchor chain 8, the anchor pier 9 and the hole.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:

as shown in fig. 1, the hybrid floating breakwater is composed of an upper part and a lower part, wherein the upper part is a floating body 1 (flexible floating body 1 for short) made of flexible materials, and the lower part is a rigid box body 2 (rigid box body 2 for short) made of reinforced concrete structures. The two are connected by a connecting anchor chain 6 (called as a connecting anchor chain 6), and the length of the connecting anchor chain 6 is between 0.5 and 1.0 m. The connecting anchor chain 6 is in an inverted splayed shape, and the included angle between the connecting anchor chain and the vertical direction is 30 degrees.

The flexible floating body 1 can be made of waste tires, rubber bodies, air bags or other flexible materials. The flexible float is anchored to the support frame 3 below it.

As shown in fig. 2, the support frame 3 is made of reinforced concrete. The support frame has a dimension smaller than that of the flexible floating body 1 above the support frame, but larger than that of the rigid box body 2 below the support frame. The support frame 3 structure comprises longeron 31, crossbeam 32, front side cantilever plate 4 and rear side cantilever plate 5, and the cantilever plate setting of front and back side staggers the hole 9 and is square hole, round hole or rhombus form etc.. The longitudinal beams 31 and the transverse beams 32 form a grid-shaped structure.

The rigid box body 2 is a box body formed by reinforced concrete, wherein a balance weight is arranged, the weight of the rigid box body after the balance weight is larger than the buoyancy force borne by the rigid box body, and once the rigid box body is disconnected with the flexible floating body, the rigid box body sinks to the seabed. The size of the rigid box body 2 is smaller than that of the support frame 3, and meanwhile, the maximum transverse movement of the rigid box body 2 under the action of waves cannot touch the cantilever plates on the two sides of the support frame.

The rigid box body is fastened on an anchor pier 8 at the seabed through an anchor chain 7 (called an anchor chain 7 for short).

The buoyancy of the entire "hybrid floating breakwater" is provided by the flexible float 1. The draft of the whole 'hybrid floating breakwater' is adjusted by adjusting the balance weight in the rigid box body 2.

The breaking strength of the anchoring chain 7 connected with the submarine anchor pier 8 is smaller than that of the connecting chain 6. The purpose is that when the wave force on the whole floating body is large, the 'connecting anchor chain 6' is broken before the 'anchoring anchor chain 7', once the 'connecting anchor chain 6' is broken, the rigid box body 2 sinks to the sea bottom by self weight and floats to the flexible floating body 1 on the sea, and the adverse effect on the safety of ships and buildings on the sea is greatly reduced because the flexible floating body is a flexible body. The breaking strength of the connecting anchor chain 6 can be determined by a model test according to actual engineering conditions.

Claims

1. A hybrid floating breakwater with safety is composed of a flexible floating body and a rigid box body; the method is characterized in that: the flexible bottom is provided with the support frame, the support frame through connect the anchor chain with the rigidity box is connected, the rigidity box is fixed with the anchor block that sets up at the seabed through the anchor chain, be provided with the balancing weight in the rigidity box.

2. A safety hybrid according to claim 1, being a floating breakwater, characterized in that: the connecting anchor chain is connected between the support frame and the rigid box body in an inverted splayed manner, and an included angle between the connecting anchor chain and the rigid box body in the vertical direction is 25-45 degrees; the length of the material is 0.5 m-0.8 m.

3. A hybrid safety bank as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the support frame consists of longitudinal beams, cross beams and cantilever plates at two sides; the size of the support frame is smaller than that of the flexible floating body and larger than that of the rigid box body; the longitudinal beams and the cross beams form a grid structure; and staggered holes are formed in each cantilever plate.