CN110839491A - Plug seedling method for salvia miltiorrhiza - Google Patents
Plug seedling method for salvia miltiorrhiza Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plug seedling method for salvia miltiorrhiza, which has the advantages that the seedling time of salvia miltiorrhiza is advanced, the seedling period of salvia miltiorrhiza is reduced, the annual cyclic cultivation of salvia miltiorrhiza can be realized, and the local soil environment is not affected; the germination rate and the overwintering survival rate of the salvia miltiorrhiza sprouts are effectively improved, and the root system number of each seedling cultured by the method provided by the invention is obviously improved; the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds have the advantages of uniform germination and stable root growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of salvia miltiorrhiza cultivation, and particularly relates to a salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method.
Background
The red sage root, also known as red ginseng, purple salvia root, red root and the like, has the effects of promoting blood circulation to regulate menstruation, removing blood stasis to relieve pain, cooling blood to eliminate carbuncle, clearing away the heart-fire to relieve restlessness, nourishing blood to calm mind and the like. In the prior art, the salvia miltiorrhiza is generally thrown in 8-9 months of each year, seedlings are lifted and transplanted before and after the next year is clear, the requirements on soil and environment of a planting area are high, a large amount of soil nutrients are lost in the second year after the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings are cultivated once in the current year, so that the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings cannot be used as the cultivation environment of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings again, the soil environment nutrient loss and the soil are poor, the germination rate and the resistance of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings cultivated by adopting the traditional technology are relatively low, and the survival rate is low after the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings grow into winter.
Patent publication No. CN107950332A discloses a planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza, which directly excavates planting holes in the soil ground to form a seedbed, and when salvia miltiorrhiza is planted, the local soil structure is damaged, and after salvia miltiorrhiza is planted once, local soil nutrient loss is serious, and repeated planting cannot be realized.
The patent with publication number CN108040785A discloses an ecological planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza, which needs to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and kill soil pests in advance before planting salvia miltiorrhiza, takes a long time to increase the planting cost, and is not suitable for self-circulation purification and long-term utilization of soil environment because the mixture ratio is not well mastered, which is easy to cause eutrophication of local soil environment or excessive microorganism impoverishment.
The patent with publication number CN107711386A discloses a salvia miltiorrhiza planting method beneficial to the growth of salvia miltiorrhiza, which needs to be soaked in a nutrient solution in advance before planting salvia miltiorrhiza in soil, so that the time consumption is long, the planting cost is increased, and parameters such as the preparation of the nutrient solution, the soaking time and the like need to be tested in advance, so that the test cost is high and the time consumption is long.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 30-90%, paving a plastic film below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water to the upper part inside the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of 12000: 3-5 of the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of cultivation holes are formed in the plug at equal intervals, a seedling substrate is filled in each cultivation hole in advance, cultivation holes are dug in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, 4 salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are uniformly embedded into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm to ensure that the seed feeding positions are uniform, and a layer of seedling substrate is covered above the seeds to ensure that the seeds are completely covered by the seedling substrate;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole on the 2 nd day after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the salvia miltiorrhiza germinates, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture medium in the cultivation holes at intervals of 2 days after water spraying;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds is rotten, if the root system is rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 to 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the communication between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 to 10 days, simultaneously spraying a medicament for preventing and controlling the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 to 2 times every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds grows too fast, if the root system grows too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 to 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2-3 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray, the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution 1-2 weeks before seedling lifting;
(10) transplanting, transplanting the grown salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Furthermore, the plastic film is a common film without any chemical additive, and the thickness of the film is any one of 6 threads, 8 threads or 10 threads, so that the situation that chemical additives in the film enter the filtered water containing the water nutrient solution to destroy nutrients in the water so as to influence the root growth of the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds is avoided.
Further, foam material is selected for use to the cave dish, the cave dish sets up to length 54cm, width 28cm, high 4 cm's cuboid shape 15 rectangle cultivation holes have been seted up to the equidistant length direction of cave dish 7 rectangles cultivation holes have been seted up to the equidistant width direction of cave dish, the size of cultivating the hole is 3.5cm 3.9cm the circular through-hole of intercommunication drainage and water nutrient solution is seted up to the bottom of cultivating the hole, is used for holding the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole, and circular through-hole is arranged in the root system after the root system sprouts of salvia miltiorrhiza seeds and wears out and get into in drainage and the water nutrient solution.
Further, the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
furthermore, the inner diameter of the cultivation hole is 10mm, and the depth of the cultivation hole is 5-10 mm.
Furthermore, before the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are placed into cultivation holes dug in a seedling substrate, the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are coated with a seed coating agent on the outer layer, so that the seeds are promoted to rapidly absorb water and expand, the gradual development of the embryo of the seeds and the growth of the seedlings are promoted, and meanwhile, the coating agent gradually releases effective components for the seeds to absorb in the process, so that the development of the seeds is promoted, and the resistance of the seeds is improved.
Further, the germination promoting nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
furthermore, each of the plug trays are closely arranged and abutted against each other, so that the floating stability of the plug trays above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution is ensured, and the plug trays are reversely buckled above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution to block sunlight and prevent algae from growing before the plug trays are arranged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) because the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are in the filtered water added with the water body nutrient solution, the temperature of the seeds is reduced, meanwhile, the greenhouse is built, the sunshade net is arranged above the outer layer of the greenhouse, the sunshade area is ensured to reach 30-90%, and the irradiation light intensity is reduced, so that the seedling raising and transplanting of the traditional salvia miltiorrhiza from 8-9 months of planting to the next year before and after the clearing are realized, the seedling raising and transplanting can be realized by adopting the method from about 6 months and 25 days to about 9 months and 20 days every year, the seedling raising time of the salvia miltiorrhiza is advanced, the seedling raising period of the salvia miltiorrhiza is reduced, and as the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution can be introduced in a circulating manner, the annual circulating cultivation of the salvia miltiorrhiza can be realized, and the influence on the local soil environment can not be.
(2) The root system of the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds is in the filtered water containing the water nutrient solution, meanwhile, the seeds are in the seedling culture medium and are regularly sprayed with the germination-promoting nutrient solution, so that the germination rate and the overwintering survival rate of the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are effectively improved, and meanwhile, the root system number of each seedling cultured by adopting the method provided by the invention is obviously improved.
(3) The water nutrient solution and the seedling culture medium completely cover the seeds and the root hairs at the germination stage and the root stretching stage, and the formed environment system ensures that the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds germinate uniformly and the root system grows stably.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plug employed in the plug seedling method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural arrangement diagram of a plug seedling method of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples are presented to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, the plug tray 1 is made of foam, the plug tray 1 is set to be in a cuboid shape with a length of 54cm, a width of 28cm and a height of 4cm, 15 rectangular cultivating holes 2 are arranged in the length direction of the plug tray 1 at equal intervals, 7 rectangular cultivating holes 2 are arranged in the width direction of the plug tray 1 at equal intervals, the size of each cultivating hole 2 is 3.5cm × 3.5cm × 3.9cm, and circular through holes 3 for communicating filtered water and water nutrient solution 4 are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes 2.
As shown in fig. 2, a plastic film 5 is laid below the greenhouse, filtered water is introduced into the upper part of the interior of the plastic film 5, water nutrient solution is injected into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of 12000: 3-5 of the filtered water and the water nutrient solution, the height of the liquid level of the filtered water is not less than 4cm after the water nutrient solution is added, and a plug tray 1 is arranged above the filtered water and the water nutrient solution 4;
a plurality of cultivating holes 2 are formed in the plug tray 1 at equal intervals, a seedling substrate 6 is filled in each cultivating hole in advance, cultivating holes 7 are dug in the seedling substrate 6 of each cultivating hole 2, 4 salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are uniformly embedded in each cultivating hole 7 through a mechanical arm, and then a layer of seedling substrate is covered above the seeds;
example 1
A plug seedling method for salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 6-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water above the interior of the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of the filtered water to the water body nutrient solution of 12000:3, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising substrates are filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and each seedling raising substrate comprises 30 parts of grass carbon, 10 parts of perlite, 15 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of vinegar residue and 5 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 4 salvia miltiorrhiza seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling substrate above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole on the 2 nd day after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the salvia miltiorrhiza germinates, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture substrate in the cultivation hole at an interval of 2 days after water spraying, wherein the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises 2 parts of potassium permanganate, 10 parts of calcium chloride, 0 part of PEG 4000100 and 100 parts of gibberellin; 20 parts of 6-BA; IAA5 parts;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root systems of the seeds are rotten, if the root systems are rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 days, simultaneously spraying the agent for preventing the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the root system growth height of the seeds is too fast, if the root system growth is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) transplanting, transplanting the grown salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza obtained using the method of this example.
Example 2
A plug seedling method for salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 8-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water above the interior of the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of the filtered water to the water body nutrient solution of 12000:3, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising substrates are filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and each seedling raising substrate comprises 50 parts of turf, 20 parts of perlite, 15 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of vinegar residue and 5 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 4 salvia miltiorrhiza seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling substrate above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole on the 2 nd day after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the salvia miltiorrhiza germinates, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture medium in the cultivation hole at an interval of 2 days after water spraying, wherein the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises 5 parts of potassium permanganate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 0 part of PEG 4000300 and 300 parts of gibberellin; 20 parts of 6-BA; IAA15 parts;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds is rotten, if the root system is rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put, checking whether the plug shows the sign of growing algae, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the plug and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 10 days, and simultaneously spraying the agent for preventing the algae from growing to the plug for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the growth height of the root system of the seeds is too fast, if the growth height of the root system is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) transplanting, transplanting the grown salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza obtained using the method of this example.
Example 3
A plug seedling method for salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 10-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water above the interior of the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of the filtered water to the water body nutrient solution of 12000:3, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising substrates are filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and each seedling raising substrate comprises 60 parts of turf, 20 parts of perlite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of vinegar residue and 2 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 4 salvia miltiorrhiza seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling substrate above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole on the 2 nd day after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the salvia miltiorrhiza germinates, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture substrate in the cultivation hole at an interval of 2 days after water spraying, wherein the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises 1 part of potassium permanganate, 20 parts of calcium chloride, 0 part of PEG 4000200 and 200 parts of gibberellin; 20 parts of 6-BA; IAA10 parts;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root systems of the seeds are rotten, if the root systems are rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 days, simultaneously spraying the agent for preventing the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the root system growth height of the seeds is too fast, if the root system growth is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) transplanting, transplanting the grown salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza obtained using the method of this example.
Comparative example 1
And (3) carrying out salvia miltiorrhiza seedling culture in proper soil by adopting a common salvia miltiorrhiza seedling culture method.
Table 1 shows the growth of seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza obtained using the comparative example method.
Comparative example 2
A plug seedling method for salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 6-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water above the interior of the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of the filtered water to the water body nutrient solution of 12000:3, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising soil is filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and the seedling raising soil is an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling raising soil of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 4 salvia miltiorrhiza seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling raising soil above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole on the 2 nd day after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the salvia miltiorrhiza germinates, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture soil in the cultivation holes at an interval of 2 days after water spraying, wherein the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises 2 parts of potassium permanganate, 10 parts of calcium chloride, 0 part of PEG 4000100 and 100 parts of gibberellin; 20 parts of 6-BA; IAA5 parts;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root systems of the seeds are rotten, if the root systems are rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 days, simultaneously spraying the agent for preventing the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the root system growth height of the seeds is too fast, if the root system growth is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling soil in the cultivation holes about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes to improve the resistance;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) transplanting, transplanting the grown salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza obtained using the comparative example method.
Comparative example 3
A plug seedling method for salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 8-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water to the upper part inside the plastic film, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising substrates are filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and each seedling raising substrate comprises 50 parts of turf, 20 parts of perlite, 15 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of vinegar residue and 5 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 4 salvia miltiorrhiza seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling substrate above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole on the 2 nd day after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the salvia miltiorrhiza germinates, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture medium in the cultivation hole at an interval of 2 days after water spraying, wherein the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises 5 parts of potassium permanganate, 30 parts of calcium chloride, 0 part of PEG 4000300 and 300 parts of gibberellin; 20 parts of 6-BA; IAA15 parts;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds is rotten, if the root system is rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put, checking whether the plug shows the sign of growing algae, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the plug and the lower filtered water, keeping for 10 days, and spraying the agent for preventing the growth of the algae to the plug for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 7 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the growth height of the root system of the seeds is too fast, if the growth height of the root system is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) transplanting, transplanting the grown salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza obtained using the comparative example method.
Comparative example 4
A plug seedling method for salvia miltiorrhiza comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 60%, paving a common 10-filament plastic film without any chemical additive below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water above the interior of the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of the filtered water to the water body nutrient solution of 12000:3, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water to be more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray of 54cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 4cm above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of rectangular cultivating holes with the size of 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm are arranged on the plug at equal intervals, round through holes communicated with filtered water and water nutrient solution are arranged at the bottoms of the cultivating holes, seedling raising substrates are filled in each cultivating hole in advance, and each seedling raising substrate comprises 60 parts of turf, 20 parts of perlite, 10 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of vinegar residue and 2 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements; digging cultivation holes with the inner diameter of 10mm and the depth of 10mm in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, uniformly burying 4 salvia miltiorrhiza seeds into each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and covering a layer of seedling substrate above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole on the 2 nd day after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the salvia miltiorrhiza germinates, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying common nutrient solution to the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes at an interval of 2 days after water spraying;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root systems of the seeds are rotten, if the root systems are rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the connection between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 days, simultaneously spraying the agent for preventing the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 time every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th day after the seeds are put in, checking whether the root system growth height of the seeds is too fast, if the root system growth is too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 time every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray with the lower filtered water and water body nutrient solution 1 week before seedling lifting;
(10) transplanting, transplanting the grown salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
Table 1 shows the growth of seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza obtained using the comparative example method.
TABLE 1 growth condition table of Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings obtained in each example and comparative example
As can be seen from Table 1, the Salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings obtained in the examples had significantly higher germination rates of the seed buds, survival rates in winter, and average lateral root numbers. As can be seen from the comparison between the example 1 and the comparative example 2, the seedling raising matrix has great effects on improving the germination rate of the seed buds of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings and the survival rate in winter; as can be seen from the comparison between the example 2 and the comparative example 3, the nutritive water body formed by the water body nutrient solution and the filtered water has obvious effect on improving the germination rate of the seed buds, the overwintering survival rate and the average lateral root coefficient of the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings, which is mainly that the water body nutrient solution and the seedling culture medium completely cover the seeds and the root hairs at the germination stage and the root extending stage, and the formed environmental system ensures that the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds germinate uniformly and the root system grows stably; as can be seen from the comparison between example 3 and comparative example 4, the germination-promoting nutrient has an obvious effect on improving the salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings.
The examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 2 to 4 in the detection results are obtained by testing 2200 plug seedlings in one mu of land by adopting a corresponding salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method, and the data are rounded up or rounded off.
PEG4000 adopted in the invention is polyethylene glycol 4000, and 6-BA is 6-benzylamino adenine; IAA is indole-3-acetic acid.
In conclusion, the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling obtained by the salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method has the advantages that the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling raising time is advanced, the salvia miltiorrhiza seedling raising period is reduced, annual cyclic cultivation of salvia miltiorrhiza can be realized, and the local soil environment is not affected; the germination rate and the overwintering survival rate of the salvia miltiorrhiza sprouts are effectively improved, and the root system number of each seedling cultured by the method provided by the invention is obviously improved; the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds have the advantages of uniform germination and stable root growth.
Claims (8)
1. A salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) site arrangement: selecting a sunny and flat area as a seedling growing field, building a greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net above the outer layer of the greenhouse, ensuring that the sunshade area reaches 30-90%, paving a plastic film below the greenhouse, introducing filtered water to the upper part inside the plastic film, injecting water body nutrient solution into the filtered water according to the mass fraction of 12000: 3-5 of the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping the liquid level height of the filtered water more than or equal to 4cm after the water body nutrient solution is added, and arranging a plug tray above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution;
(2) seed throwing: a plurality of cultivation holes are formed in the plug at equal intervals, a seedling substrate is filled in each cultivation hole in advance, cultivation holes are dug in the seedling substrate of each cultivation hole, 4 salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are uniformly embedded in each cultivation hole through a mechanical arm, and then a layer of seedling substrate is covered above the seeds;
(3) water spraying: uniformly spraying water to the seedling substrate in the cultivation hole on the 2 nd day after the seeds are put in, spraying and watering from the top until water flows out from the bottom layer of the hole tray, covering a seedling film on the hole tray after watering, removing the seedling film after the salvia miltiorrhiza germinates, and watering once every 1 day after removing the seedling film;
(4) spraying germination-promoting nutrient solution to the seedling culture medium in the cultivation holes at intervals of 2 days after water spraying;
(5) preventing root rot from occurring: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds is rotten, if the root system is rotten, spraying a medicament for preventing and treating root rot to the seeds for 1 to 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(6) preventing diseases caused by algae growth: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the hole tray, checking whether the sign of growing algae appears on the hole tray, if the algae grows, inhibiting the communication between the hole tray and the lower filtered water and the water body nutrient solution, keeping for 7 to 10 days, simultaneously spraying a medicament for preventing and controlling the growth of the algae to the hole tray for 1 to 2 times every 3 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(7) preventing the plant from growing too fast: on the 5 th to 7 th days after the seeds are put into the container, checking whether the root system of the seeds grows too fast, if the root system grows too fast, spraying chlormequat chloride (CCC) to the seeds for 1 to 2 times every 5 days, and keeping for 3 weeks;
(8) spraying a leaf fertilizer: spraying foliar fertilizer to the seedlings growing in the seedling substrate in the cultivation holes to improve the resistance about 1 month after the seeds are put into the cultivation holes;
(9) lifting seedlings: cutting off overlong root systems 2-3 weeks before seedling lifting, and inhibiting the connection of the plug tray, the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution 1-2 weeks before seedling lifting;
(10) transplanting, transplanting the grown salvia miltiorrhiza seedlings into a seedling growing environment.
2. The salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plastic film is a common film without any chemical additive, and the thickness of the plastic film is any one of 6 threads, 8 threads or 10 threads.
3. The salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plug tray is made of foam materials, the plug tray is in a cuboid shape with the length of 54cm, the width of 28cm and the height of 4cm, 15 rectangular cultivation holes are formed in the plug tray at equal intervals in the length direction, 7 rectangular cultivation holes are formed in the plug tray at equal intervals in the width direction, the size of each cultivation hole is 3.5cm multiplied by 3.9cm, and circular through holes for communicating filtered water and water nutrient solution are formed in the bottoms of the cultivation holes.
4. The salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seedling culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
30-70 parts of turf;
10-30 parts of perlite;
5-15 parts of vermiculite;
10-30 parts of vinegar residue;
1-5 parts of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements.
5. The salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner diameter of the cultivation hole is 10mm, and the depth of the cultivation hole is 5-10 mm.
6. The salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: before the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds are put into cultivation holes dug in a seedling substrate, the outer layer of the salvia miltiorrhiza seeds is coated with a seed coating agent.
7. The salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the germination-promoting nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
1-5 parts of potassium permanganate;
10-30 parts of calcium chloride;
PEG 4000100-300 parts;
50-300 parts of gibberellin;
10-30 parts of 6-BA;
5-15 parts of IAA.
8. The salvia miltiorrhiza plug seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: each hole tray is closely arranged and mutually abutted, and before the hole trays are arranged, the hole trays are reversely buckled above the filtered water and the water body nutrient solution.
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