CN110837905B - Drill failure prediction method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for predicting drill failure, comprising the following steps: obtaining a vibration signal of a drill bit in a prediction range through a downhole vibration measuring tool, wherein the vibration signal comprises vibration acceleration and drill bit rotating speed; noise reduction treatment is carried out on the vibration acceleration, and a processed acceleration signal is obtained; according to the processed acceleration signal and the bit rotating speed, calculating and obtaining the underground axial vibration intensity, the underground radial vibration intensity and the underground stick-slip vibration intensity; respectively carrying out normalization treatment on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index; and calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index. The invention realizes the quantification of the underground instantaneous vibration intensity and can effectively predict the failure risk of the drill bit in the vibration working state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a method and a device for predicting drill bit failure.
Background
In order to efficiently and accurately acquire the working states of a drill bit and an underground tool, various underground vibration measuring tools are developed at home and abroad, and the main functions of the tools are to measure the triaxial vibration acceleration and the rotation speed of an underground drill string and evaluate the underground vibration intensity by utilizing acquired data. However, the existing underground vibration evaluation and classification methods are often formulated by large oil service companies according to the specific underground vibration measuring tools developed by the large oil service companies, so that the collecting frequency difference of the tools is large, and the adopted evaluation methods are different, so that the existing vibration evaluation and classification standards are disordered. In addition, the conventional underground vibration evaluation method is used for independently evaluating the triaxial vibration and rotational speed fluctuation intensity of the drill bit, and lacks a comprehensive evaluation method, and the signals are subjected to interval classification, so that the damage of the generated vibration to the drill bit cannot be quantitatively evaluated, and the risk of drill bit failure cannot be predicted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method and a device for predicting the failure of the drill bit, which realize the quantification of the underground instantaneous vibration intensity and can effectively predict the failure risk of the drill bit in the vibration working state.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method of bit failure prediction, comprising:
obtaining a vibration signal at a drill bit in a prediction range through a downhole vibration measuring tool, wherein the vibration signal comprises vibration acceleration and drill bit rotating speed;
noise reduction processing is carried out on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal;
according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotating speed, calculating and obtaining the underground axial vibration intensity, the underground radial vibration intensity and the underground stick-slip vibration intensity;
respectively carrying out normalization treatment on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index;
and calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index.
Optionally, the noise reduction processing is performed on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal, which includes:
performing blind source separation on the vibration signals, and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
and carrying out noise reduction on the vibration acceleration based on the noise reduction expression to obtain the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises the triaxial vibration acceleration at the drill bit.
Optionally, the calculating to obtain the downhole axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotating speed includes:
calculating to obtain axial vibration intensity according to a first acceleration in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, wherein the first acceleration represents acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
calculating to obtain radial vibration intensity according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the second acceleration represents acceleration in the X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents acceleration in the Z-axis direction;
and calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration intensity of the drill bit within the same unit time according to the drill bit rotating speed and the ground driving rotating speed, wherein the drill bit rotating speed is the underground actual measuring rotating speed of the drill bit.
Optionally, the normalizing processing is performed on the downhole axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity respectively to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index, which includes:
according to the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity, an upper and lower threshold value of axial vibration safety, an upper and lower threshold value of transverse vibration safety and an upper and lower threshold value of stick-slip vibration safety are respectively determined;
according to the upper and lower thresholds of axial vibration safety, the upper and lower thresholds of transverse vibration safety and the upper and lower thresholds of stick-slip vibration safety, respectively calculating to obtain an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value;
and calculating and obtaining an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
Optionally, calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index, including:
determining damage coefficients of all time periods according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
calculating and obtaining an accumulated vibration intensity index in a preset time period according to the damage coefficient of each time period and the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
acquiring the actual working time of the drill bit, and calculating and acquiring a drill bit failure risk index according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
and predicting the drill failure risk according to the drill failure risk index.
A drill bit failure prediction apparatus, comprising:
an acquisition unit for acquiring a vibration signal at the drill bit in a prediction range through a downhole vibration measurement tool, wherein the vibration signal comprises a vibration acceleration and a drill bit rotation speed;
the noise reduction unit is used for carrying out noise reduction treatment on the vibration acceleration to obtain a treated acceleration signal;
the calculation unit is used for calculating and obtaining the underground axial vibration intensity, the underground radial vibration intensity and the underground stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signals and the drill bit rotating speed;
the normalization unit is used for respectively normalizing the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index;
and the prediction unit is used for calculating and obtaining an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index.
Optionally, the noise reduction unit includes:
the expression determination subunit is used for performing blind source separation on the vibration signals and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
and the noise reduction subunit is used for carrying out noise reduction on the vibration acceleration based on the noise reduction expression to obtain the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises the triaxial vibration acceleration at the drill bit.
Optionally, the computing unit includes:
the first calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining axial vibration intensity according to a first acceleration in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, wherein the first acceleration represents acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
the second calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining radial vibration intensity according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the second acceleration represents acceleration in the X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents acceleration in the Z-axis direction;
and the third calculation subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration intensity of the drill bit within the same unit duration according to the drill bit rotating speed and the ground driving rotating speed, wherein the drill bit rotating speed is the underground actual measurement rotating speed of the drill bit.
Optionally, the normalization unit includes:
the threshold value determining subunit is used for respectively determining an upper and lower threshold value of axial vibration safety, an upper and lower threshold value of transverse vibration safety and an upper and lower threshold value of stick-slip vibration safety according to the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity;
the fourth calculation unit is used for respectively calculating and obtaining an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value according to the upper and lower axial vibration safety thresholds, the upper and lower transverse vibration safety thresholds and the upper and lower stick-slip vibration safety thresholds;
and a fifth calculation unit for calculating and obtaining an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
Optionally, the prediction unit includes:
a coefficient determining subunit, configured to determine a damage coefficient of each period according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
a sixth calculating subunit, configured to calculate and obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index in a preset time period according to the damage coefficient of each time period and the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
a seventh calculating subunit, configured to obtain an actual working time of the drill bit, and calculate to obtain a drill bit failure risk index according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
and the prediction subunit is used for predicting the drill failure risk according to the drill failure risk index.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for predicting the failure of the drill bit provided by the invention have the advantages that the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed at the drill bit in the prediction range are obtained, the noise reduction processing and the calculation are carried out according to the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, the instantaneous vibration intensity index is obtained, the quantification of the instantaneous vibration intensity under intercom is realized, the application range is wider, and meanwhile, the three-axis vibration and the rotating speed fluctuation of the drill bit are comprehensively considered by the index, so that the working state of the drill bit can be comprehensively represented. Based on the instantaneous vibration intensity index, an accumulated vibration intensity index can be calculated, so that the failure risk of the drill bit in the vibration working state can be predicted better.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for predicting failure of a drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of triaxial vibration and rotational speed measurement of a vibration measuring tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a time-varying curve of an original triaxial vibration acceleration signal and a deconvoluted signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of axial, radial and stick-slip vibration intensity versus time curves provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of vibration intensity with time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the time-dependent failure risk index of the drill bit 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for predicting failure of a drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terms first and second and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above-described figures are used for distinguishing between different objects and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to the listed steps or elements but may include steps or elements not expressly listed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, a method for predicting drill failure may include the following steps:
s11, obtaining vibration signals of the drill bit in a prediction range through the underground vibration measuring tool, wherein the vibration signals comprise vibration acceleration and drill bit rotating speed.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of triaxial vibration and rotational speed measurement of a vibration measuring tool, and the triaxial (x, y, z axis) vibration acceleration and rotational speed near a drill bit in the drilling process are collected in real time by adopting the underground vibration measuring tool, and data are compressed and stored and transmitted to the ground in real time. Where near the drill bit refers to a position of the drill bit within a preset range, e.g., less than 15 meters from the drill bit. The Z-axis direction is coincident with the drill string direction and the x-and y-axes are perpendicular to the drill string direction.
S12, noise reduction processing is carried out on the vibration acceleration, and a processed acceleration signal is obtained.
Because the acquired original vibration new signal contains the impact signal and the noise signal, the vibration signal needs to be subjected to noise reduction treatment.
The noise reduction process may include:
performing blind source separation on the vibration signals, and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
and carrying out noise reduction on the vibration acceleration based on the noise reduction expression to obtain the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises the triaxial vibration acceleration at the drill bit.
For example, the influence of noise signals on the original signals is reduced by blind source separation of the vibration signals, expressed as:
the above formula (1) f (k) is the impulse signal, y (k) is the original acquisition signal, and h (k-m) is the blind deconvolution inverse filter processing function.
And (3) carrying out noise reduction treatment on the collected triaxial vibration acceleration signals respectively by using the formula (1) to obtain acceleration signals ax, ay and az in the x, y and z directions.
S13, calculating and obtaining the underground axial vibration intensity, the underground radial vibration intensity and the underground stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signals and the drill bit rotating speed.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a calculation method, which comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain axial vibration intensity according to a first acceleration and a drill bit rotating speed in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the first acceleration represents acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
calculating to obtain radial vibration intensity according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and a drill bit rotating speed in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the second acceleration represents acceleration in the X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents acceleration in the Z-axis direction;
and calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration intensity of the drill bit within the same unit time according to the rotation speed of the drill bit and the ground driving rotation speed, wherein the rotation speed of the drill bit is the underground actual measurement rotation speed of the drill bit.
After acceleration signals ax, ay and az in the x, y and z directions are obtained, the axial vibration intensity and the radial vibration intensity of the brick in the unit time length are calculated according to a formula (2) and a formula (3) respectively.
Axial vibration intensity:
radial vibration intensity:
in the formula (2) and the formula (3), av is the axial vibration intensity, al is the transverse vibration intensity, T d For a given unit time length, ω is the sampling frequency of the tool acceleration.
And calculating the stick-slip vibration intensity of the drill bit within the same unit time length by using the collected rotation speed signals, wherein the rotation speed signals comprise ground driving rotation speed and underground actual measurement rotation speed.
Stick-slip vibration intensity:
in formula (4), SSC is the mild stick-slip vibration, RPM top The rotation speed is driven for the ground; RPM (RPM) i The measured rotation speed is measured underground; omega 0 Is the sampling frequency of the tool rotational speed.
S14, respectively carrying out normalization treatment on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index.
In order to realize comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the vibration intensity of the drill bit, the axial, radial and stick-slip vibration intensity of the drill bit are normalized, so that an instantaneous vibration intensity index is obtained.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a normalization method, which comprises the following steps:
according to the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity, an upper and lower threshold value of axial vibration safety, an upper and lower threshold value of transverse vibration safety and an upper and lower threshold value of stick-slip vibration safety are respectively determined;
according to the upper and lower thresholds of axial vibration safety, the upper and lower thresholds of transverse vibration safety and the upper and lower thresholds of stick-slip vibration safety, respectively calculating to obtain an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value;
and calculating to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
Specific:
axial vibration characteristic value:
radial vibration characteristic value:
stick-slip vibration characteristic value:
instantaneous vibration intensity index:
in the above formula: av_u and av_b are upper and lower thresholds of axial vibration safety respectively; al_u and al_b are upper and lower thresholds of transverse vibration safety respectively; SSC_u and SSC_b are upper and lower thresholds of stick-slip vibration safety respectively; d (av), d (al), d (SSC) are respectively axial, radial and stick-slip vibration intensity characteristic values; d (p) is the instantaneous vibration intensity index.
According to the calculated d (p) value, the instantaneous vibration intensity of the drill bit can be quantitatively evaluated, wherein d (p) is less than or equal to 1, and the drill bit is considered to be in a safe vibration range; the larger the d (p) value, the higher the instantaneous vibration intensity of the drill bit.
S15, calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index.
Vibration can damage the drill bit, and then influences the life of drill bit, but when instantaneous vibration intensity index d (p) is in different intervals, its damage degree that causes the drill bit is different, consequently adopts the damage coefficient to calculate the cumulative damage that vibration caused the drill bit in 1 hour, then calculates the drill bit failure risk index and predicts the failure condition of drill bit.
Specifically, the cumulative value of the vibration intensity index in 1 hour can be calculated:
wherein W is i In order for the damage coefficient to be a function of the damage,adopts sectional value taking:
wherein: DI is a cumulative value of vibration intensity for 1 hour; wi is a damage coefficient, and alpha, beta, gamma and lambda are coefficients, and the damage degree of vibration to the drill bit is represented by the magnitude of the damage coefficient.
Calculating a drill bit failure risk index:
wherein: TI is a drill failure risk index; n is the actual working time of the drill bit.
Calculating a risk index standard value when the drill bit fails and predicting the failure condition of a new drill bit:
measuring the underground triaxial vibration and the rotation speed of a new drill bit of a certain model, calculating the risk index of the drill bit in failure according to a formula (11) according to the working time of the drill bit in failure, and taking the risk index as the failure risk index standard value TI of the drill bit of the model stan . In the using process of other drill bits, the failure risk index TI is calculated in real time by actually measuring triaxial vibration and rotating speed on site, and TI are compared stan Failure of the drill bit may be predicted.
The invention provides a drill failure prediction method, which obtains an instantaneous vibration intensity index by obtaining vibration acceleration and drill rotating speed at a drill in a prediction range and carrying out noise reduction treatment and calculation according to the vibration acceleration and the drill rotating speed, thereby realizing quantification of the instantaneous vibration intensity under intercom, having wider application range, and comprehensively considering triaxial vibration and rotating speed fluctuation of the drill by the index, so that the working state of the drill can be comprehensively represented. Based on the instantaneous vibration intensity index, an accumulated vibration intensity index can be calculated, so that the failure risk of the drill bit in the vibration working state can be predicted better.
The drill failure prediction method provided by the invention is described below with reference to specific application scenarios.
For example, triaxial vibration and rotation speed measured data of a well bore section with the diameter of 311.2mm of the second opening of the mine A in a certain area are adopted to perform underground vibration evaluation, meanwhile, the failure risk standard value of the tricone bit 1 in a certain model is calculated, and the failure condition of the tricone bit 2 in the model is predicted according to the standard value. The drilling section of the drill bit 1 is 2053m-2104m, the actual service time is 46h, and the well-out drill bit has serious tooth collapse and has completely failed. The drilling section of the drill bit 2 is 2104-2258m, and the actual service time is 57.5h.
And (3) adopting an underground vibration measuring tool to carry out underground vibration actual measurement on a target well section, and obtaining a near-bit triaxial acceleration signal and a rotating speed signal. The triaxial vibration acceleration signals adopted in the first use hour of the drill bit 1 are respectively subjected to noise reduction treatment, so that the processed acceleration signals ax, ay and az are obtained, and the result is shown in fig. 3.
Based on the calculation results, the axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity are calculated respectively, and the unit time length T is set d =2.0 s, and the calculation result is shown in fig. 4. And then respectively calculating to obtain an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value, and further calculating to obtain an instantaneous strength index, wherein the calculation result is shown in figure 5. Where av_u=1g, av_b=0g, al_u=2g, al_b=0g, ssc_u=0.5, ssc_b=0.
The cumulative value di=3.83 h of the vibration intensity in the 1 st hour is calculated according to the formula (9), wherein the damage coefficient W i The parameters used are: α=1, β=2, γ=4, λ=8. Calculating the risk index TI= 169.4h when the drill bit 1 fails according to the formula (13), and taking the value as the effective risk index standard value TI of the drill bit stan 。
The steps are repeated to calculate the failure risk index TI of the drill bit 2 in the actual drilling process, referring to fig. 6, after the drill bit 2 is used for 57.5 hours, the mechanical drilling speed is obviously slowed down, and the failure risk index reaches 161.5 hours and approaches to the failure risk index standard value TI of the drill bit of the model stan Therefore, the drill bit 2 is judged to be invalid, the drill bit 2 is found to be seriously broken after the drill is started, and normal drilling and rock breaking can not be performed.
According to the scheme provided by the invention, the underground instantaneous vibration intensity index is established, and compared with the traditional vibration classification table, the quantization of the underground instantaneous vibration intensity is realized, and the application range is wider; meanwhile, the index comprehensively considers the triaxial vibration and the rotation speed fluctuation of the drill bit, and can comprehensively represent the working state of the drill bit relative to the independent evaluation of the triaxial vibration and the rotation speed fluctuation. A drill failure risk prediction method is established by utilizing the accumulated vibration intensity, and the failure risk of the drill in the vibration working state can be better predicted by calculating the risk index standard value of the drill in a certain model.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for predicting the failure of the drill bit, referring to fig. 7, comprising:
an acquisition unit 10 for acquiring a vibration signal at the drill bit within a prediction range by a downhole vibration measurement tool, wherein the vibration signal includes a vibration acceleration and a drill bit rotational speed;
a noise reduction unit 20, configured to perform noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration, and obtain a processed acceleration signal;
a calculating unit 30, configured to calculate and obtain the downhole axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signal and the bit rotational speed;
a normalization unit 40, configured to normalize the downhole axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity, and the stick-slip vibration intensity, respectively, to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index;
the predicting unit 50 is configured to calculate and obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predict the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index.
The invention provides a drill failure prediction device, which is characterized in that vibration acceleration and drill rotating speed at a drill in a prediction range are obtained through an obtaining unit, noise reduction processing and calculation are carried out in a noise reduction unit and a calculation unit according to the vibration acceleration and the drill rotating speed, an instantaneous vibration intensity index is obtained, quantification of instantaneous vibration intensity under intercom is realized, the application range is wider, and simultaneously, triaxial vibration and rotating speed fluctuation of the drill are comprehensively considered by the index, so that the working state of the drill can be comprehensively represented. Based on the instantaneous vibration intensity index, the accumulated vibration intensity index can be calculated in the prediction unit, so that the failure risk of the drill bit in the vibration working state can be predicted better.
Optionally, the noise reduction unit includes:
the expression determination subunit is used for performing blind source separation on the vibration signals and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
and the noise reduction subunit is used for carrying out noise reduction on the vibration acceleration based on the noise reduction expression to obtain the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises the triaxial vibration acceleration at the drill bit.
Optionally, the computing unit includes:
the first calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining axial vibration intensity according to a first acceleration and a drill bit rotating speed in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the first acceleration represents acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
the second calculation subunit is used for calculating and obtaining radial vibration intensity according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and a drill bit rotating speed in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the second acceleration represents acceleration in the X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents acceleration in the Z-axis direction;
and the third calculation subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration intensity of the drill bit within the same unit duration according to the rotation speed of the drill bit and the ground driving rotation speed, wherein the rotation speed of the drill bit is the underground actual measurement rotation speed of the drill bit.
Optionally, the normalization unit comprises:
the threshold value determining subunit is used for respectively determining an upper and lower threshold value of axial vibration safety, an upper and lower threshold value of transverse vibration safety and an upper and lower threshold value of stick-slip vibration safety according to the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity;
the fourth calculation unit is used for respectively calculating and obtaining an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value according to the upper and lower axial vibration safety thresholds, the upper and lower transverse vibration safety thresholds and the upper and lower stick-slip vibration safety thresholds;
and a fifth calculation unit for calculating and obtaining an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
Optionally, the prediction unit includes:
a coefficient determination subunit, configured to determine a damage coefficient of each period according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
a sixth calculating subunit, configured to calculate and obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index in a preset time period according to the damage coefficient and the instantaneous vibration intensity index of each time period;
a seventh calculating subunit, configured to obtain an actual working time of the drill bit, and calculate to obtain a failure risk index of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
and the prediction subunit is used for predicting the drill failure risk according to the drill failure risk index.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device for predicting the failure of the drill bit provided by the invention have the advantages that the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed at the drill bit in the prediction range are obtained, the noise reduction processing and the calculation are carried out according to the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, the instantaneous vibration intensity index is obtained, the quantification of the instantaneous vibration intensity under intercom is realized, the application range is wider, and meanwhile, the three-axis vibration and the rotating speed fluctuation of the drill bit are comprehensively considered by the index, so that the working state of the drill bit can be comprehensively represented. Based on the instantaneous vibration intensity index, an accumulated vibration intensity index can be calculated, so that the failure risk of the drill bit in the vibration working state can be predicted better.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A method of predicting drill failure, comprising:
obtaining a vibration signal at a drill bit in a prediction range through a downhole vibration measuring tool, wherein the vibration signal comprises vibration acceleration and drill bit rotating speed;
noise reduction processing is carried out on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal;
according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotating speed, calculating and obtaining the underground axial vibration intensity, the underground radial vibration intensity and the underground stick-slip vibration intensity;
respectively carrying out normalization treatment on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index;
calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
the noise reduction processing is performed on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal, and the noise reduction processing comprises the following steps:
performing blind source separation on the vibration signals, and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
performing noise reduction on the vibration acceleration based on the noise reduction expression to obtain a processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises triaxial vibration acceleration at a drill bit;
the method for calculating the downhole axial vibration intensity, the downhole radial vibration intensity and the downhole stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signals and the drill bit rotating speed comprises the following steps of:
calculating to obtain axial vibration intensity according to a first acceleration in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, wherein the first acceleration represents acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
calculating to obtain radial vibration intensity according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the second acceleration represents acceleration in the X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents acceleration in the Z-axis direction;
according to the rotation speed of the drill bit and the ground driving rotation speed, calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration intensity of the drill bit within the same unit time length, wherein the rotation speed of the drill bit is the underground actual measurement rotation speed of the drill bit;
the normalization processing is performed on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity respectively to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index, and the method comprises the following steps:
according to the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity, an upper and lower threshold value of axial vibration safety, an upper and lower threshold value of transverse vibration safety and an upper and lower threshold value of stick-slip vibration safety are respectively determined;
according to the upper and lower thresholds of axial vibration safety, the upper and lower thresholds of transverse vibration safety and the upper and lower thresholds of stick-slip vibration safety, respectively calculating to obtain an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value;
and calculating and obtaining an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating an accumulated vibration intensity index from the instantaneous vibration intensity index and predicting a risk of drill failure from the accumulated vibration intensity index comprises:
determining damage coefficients of all time periods according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
calculating and obtaining an accumulated vibration intensity index in a preset time period according to the damage coefficient of each time period and the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
acquiring the actual working time of the drill bit, and calculating and acquiring a drill bit failure risk index according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
and predicting the drill failure risk according to the drill failure risk index.
3. A drill failure prediction apparatus, comprising:
an acquisition unit for acquiring a vibration signal at the drill bit in a prediction range through a downhole vibration measurement tool, wherein the vibration signal comprises a vibration acceleration and a drill bit rotation speed;
the noise reduction unit is used for carrying out noise reduction treatment on the vibration acceleration to obtain a treated acceleration signal;
the calculation unit is used for calculating and obtaining the underground axial vibration intensity, the underground radial vibration intensity and the underground stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signals and the drill bit rotating speed;
the normalization unit is used for respectively normalizing the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index;
the prediction unit is used for calculating and obtaining an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
wherein the noise reduction unit includes:
the expression determination subunit is used for performing blind source separation on the vibration signals and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
a noise reduction subunit, configured to perform noise reduction on the vibration acceleration based on the noise reduction expression, to obtain a processed triaxial vibration acceleration, where the vibration acceleration includes a triaxial vibration acceleration at a drill bit;
wherein the computing unit includes:
the first calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining axial vibration intensity according to a first acceleration in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, wherein the first acceleration represents acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
the second calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining radial vibration intensity according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the second acceleration represents acceleration in the X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents acceleration in the Z-axis direction;
the third calculation subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration intensity of the drill bit within the same unit duration according to the drill bit rotating speed and the ground driving rotating speed, wherein the drill bit rotating speed is the underground actual measurement rotating speed of the drill bit;
wherein the normalization unit comprises:
the threshold value determining subunit is used for respectively determining an upper and lower threshold value of axial vibration safety, an upper and lower threshold value of transverse vibration safety and an upper and lower threshold value of stick-slip vibration safety according to the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity;
the fourth calculation unit is used for respectively calculating and obtaining an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value according to the upper and lower axial vibration safety thresholds, the upper and lower transverse vibration safety thresholds and the upper and lower stick-slip vibration safety thresholds;
and a fifth calculation unit for calculating and obtaining an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the prediction unit comprises:
a coefficient determining subunit, configured to determine a damage coefficient of each period according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
a sixth calculating subunit, configured to calculate and obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index in a preset time period according to the damage coefficient of each time period and the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
a seventh calculating subunit, configured to obtain an actual working time of the drill bit, and calculate to obtain a drill bit failure risk index according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
and the prediction subunit is used for predicting the drill failure risk according to the drill failure risk index.
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| CN102822752A (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2012-12-12 | Aps技术公司 | System and Method for Monitoring and Controlling Underground Drilling |
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