CN110837905A - Drill bit failure prediction method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for predicting failure of a drill bit, comprising the following steps: obtaining a vibration signal at the drill bit within a prediction range through a downhole vibration measurement tool, wherein the vibration signal comprises vibration acceleration and drill bit rotation speed; carrying out noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal; calculating to obtain the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotating speed; respectively carrying out normalization processing on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index; and calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index. The method and the device realize the quantification of the underground instantaneous vibration intensity and can effectively predict the failure risk of the drill bit in the vibration working state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a method and a device for predicting failure of a drill bit.
Background
In order to efficiently and accurately acquire the working states of a drill bit and an underground tool, various underground vibration measuring tools are researched and developed at home and abroad, and the tools mainly have the functions of measuring the three-axis vibration acceleration and the rotating speed of an underground drill string and evaluating the underground vibration strength by utilizing acquired data. However, most of the existing methods for evaluating and grading downhole vibration are established by various oil clothing companies according to the specific characteristics of downhole vibration measurement tools developed by the oil clothing companies, so that the acquisition frequency difference of the tools is large, and the adopted evaluation methods are different, so that the current vibration evaluation and grading standards are disordered. In addition, in the existing underground vibration evaluation, the grading method is used for independently evaluating the three-axis vibration and the rotating speed fluctuation intensity of the drill bit, a comprehensive evaluation method is lacked, and a section grading mode is adopted for signals, so that the damage of the generated vibration to the drill bit cannot be quantitatively evaluated, and the risk of failure of the drill bit cannot be predicted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for predicting failure of a drill bit, which can quantify the downhole instantaneous vibration strength and effectively predict the failure risk of the drill bit in a vibration working state.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of predicting bit failure, comprising:
obtaining a vibration signal at the drill bit within a prediction range through a downhole vibration measurement tool, wherein the vibration signal comprises a vibration acceleration and a drill bit rotation speed;
carrying out noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal;
calculating to obtain the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotating speed;
respectively carrying out normalization processing on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index;
and calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index.
Optionally, the performing noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal includes:
carrying out blind source separation on the vibration signals, and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
and based on the noise reduction processing expression, carrying out noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises triaxial vibration acceleration at the drill bit.
Optionally, the calculating to obtain the downhole axial vibration strength, the radial vibration strength, and the stick-slip vibration strength according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotation speed includes:
calculating to obtain axial vibration strength according to a first acceleration in the processed three-axis vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, wherein the first acceleration represents the acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
calculating to obtain radial vibration strength according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the second acceleration represents the acceleration in the X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents the acceleration in the Z-axis direction;
and calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration strength of the drill bit within the same unit time length according to the drill bit rotating speed and the ground driving rotating speed, wherein the drill bit rotating speed is the underground actual measurement rotating speed of the drill bit.
Optionally, the normalizing the downhole axial vibration strength, the radial vibration strength, and the stick-slip vibration strength respectively to obtain an instantaneous vibration strength index includes:
respectively determining an upper threshold and a lower threshold of axial vibration safety, an upper threshold and a lower threshold of transverse vibration safety and an upper threshold and a lower threshold of stick-slip vibration safety according to the underground axial vibration strength, the radial vibration strength and the stick-slip vibration strength;
respectively calculating and obtaining an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value according to the upper and lower thresholds of the axial vibration safety, the upper and lower thresholds of the transverse vibration safety and the upper and lower thresholds of the stick-slip vibration safety;
and calculating to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
Optionally, the calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index includes:
determining damage coefficients of all time periods according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index within a preset time period according to the damage coefficient of each time period and the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
acquiring the actual working time of the drill bit, and calculating to obtain a drill bit failure risk index according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the failure risk index of the drill bit.
A drill bit failure prediction apparatus comprising:
the device comprises an acquisition unit, a prediction unit and a control unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a vibration signal at the drill bit within a prediction range through a downhole vibration measurement tool, and the vibration signal comprises vibration acceleration and drill bit rotating speed;
the noise reduction unit is used for carrying out noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal;
the calculation unit is used for calculating and obtaining the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotating speed;
the normalization unit is used for respectively performing normalization processing on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index;
and the prediction unit is used for calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index.
Optionally, the noise reduction unit includes:
the expression determining subunit is used for performing blind source separation on the vibration signals and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
and the noise reduction subunit is used for performing noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration based on the noise reduction processing expression to obtain processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises triaxial vibration acceleration at a drill bit.
Optionally, the computing unit comprises:
the first calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the axial vibration strength according to a first acceleration in the processed three-axis vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, wherein the first acceleration represents the acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
the second calculating subunit is configured to calculate and obtain a radial vibration strength according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and the drill bit rotation speed in the processed three-axis vibration acceleration, where the second acceleration represents an acceleration in an X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents an acceleration in a Z-axis direction;
and the third calculation subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration strength of the drill bit within the same unit time length according to the drill bit rotating speed and the ground driving rotating speed, wherein the drill bit rotating speed is the underground actual measurement rotating speed of the drill bit.
Optionally, the normalization unit includes:
the threshold value determining subunit is used for respectively determining an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value of axial vibration safety, an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value of transverse vibration safety and an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value of stick-slip vibration safety according to the underground axial vibration strength, the radial vibration strength and the stick-slip vibration strength;
the fourth calculation unit is used for respectively calculating and obtaining an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value according to the upper and lower thresholds of the axial vibration safety, the upper and lower thresholds of the transverse vibration safety and the upper and lower thresholds of the stick-slip vibration safety;
and the fifth calculation unit is used for calculating and obtaining an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
Optionally, the prediction unit comprises:
the coefficient determining subunit is used for determining the damage coefficient of each time interval according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
the sixth calculating subunit is configured to calculate and obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index within a preset time period according to the damage coefficient of each time period and the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
the seventh calculating subunit is used for acquiring the actual working time of the drill bit and calculating to obtain a drill bit failure risk index according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
and the predicting subunit is used for predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the failure risk index of the drill bit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the drill bit failure prediction method and the device, the instantaneous vibration intensity index is obtained by obtaining the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed at the drill bit in the prediction range and carrying out noise reduction treatment and calculation according to the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, the quantification of the instantaneous vibration intensity under talkback is realized, the application range is wider, and meanwhile, the triaxial vibration and rotating speed fluctuation of the drill bit are comprehensively considered by the index, so that the working state of the drill bit can be comprehensively represented. Based on the instantaneous vibration intensity index, a cumulative vibration intensity index can then be calculated, enabling a better prediction of the risk of failure of the drill bit under vibrating operating conditions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for predicting bit failure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of three-axis vibration and rotation speed measurement of a vibration measurement tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a time-varying curve of an original triaxial vibration acceleration signal and a deconvolution processed signal provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graphical illustration of axial, radial, and stick-slip vibration intensity versus time curves provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a variation of vibration intensity over time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a time-dependent plot of the risk of failure index for a drill bit 2 provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for predicting drill bit failure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first" and "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not set forth for a listed step or element but may include steps or elements not listed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for predicting bit failure is provided, and referring to fig. 1, the method may include the following steps:
and S11, obtaining a vibration signal at the drill bit within the prediction range through the underground vibration measuring tool, wherein the vibration signal comprises vibration acceleration and drill bit rotation speed.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of measuring the three-axis vibration and the rotational speed of the vibration measuring tool, and the downhole vibration measuring tool is adopted to acquire the three-axis (x, y and z axes) vibration acceleration and the rotational speed near the drill bit in the drilling process in real time, compress and store the data, and transmit the data to the ground in real time. Wherein near bit refers to a location at the bit within a predetermined range, e.g., less than 15 meters from the bit. The Z-axis direction is aligned with the drill string direction, and the x-and y-axes are perpendicular to the drill string direction.
And S12, carrying out noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal.
Because the acquired original vibration new signal contains an impact signal and a noise signal, the vibration signal needs to be subjected to noise reduction processing.
The noise reduction processing may include:
carrying out blind source separation on the vibration signals, and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
and based on the noise reduction processing expression, carrying out noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises the triaxial vibration acceleration at the drill bit.
For example, the influence of the noise signal on the original signal is reduced by performing blind source separation on the vibration signal, and the expression is:
the above formula (1) f (k) is the impulse signal, y (k) is the original acquisition signal, and h (k-m) is the blind deconvolution inverse filter processing function.
And (2) respectively carrying out noise reduction processing on the acquired triaxial vibration acceleration signals by using the formula (1) to obtain acceleration signals ax, ay and az in the x, y and z directions.
And S13, calculating and obtaining the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotating speed.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a calculation method, which comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain axial vibration strength according to a first acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed in the processed three-axis vibration acceleration, wherein the first acceleration represents the acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
calculating to obtain radial vibration strength according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed in the processed three-axis vibration acceleration, wherein the second acceleration represents the acceleration in the X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents the acceleration in the Z-axis direction;
and calculating to obtain the stick-slip vibration strength of the drill bit within the same unit time length according to the drill bit rotating speed and the ground driving rotating speed, wherein the drill bit rotating speed is the underground actual measurement rotating speed of the drill bit.
After acceleration signals ax, ay and az in the x, y and z directions are obtained, the axial vibration intensity and the radial vibration intensity in the brick making unit time length are calculated according to the formula (2) and the formula (3) respectively.
Axial vibration intensity:
radial vibration intensity:
in the formula (2) and the formula (3), av is the axial vibration intensity, al is the lateral vibration intensity, and T isdTo specify the unit duration, ω is the sampling frequency of the tool acceleration.
And calculating the stick-slip vibration strength of the drill bit within the same unit time length by using the collected rotating speed signals, wherein the rotating speed signals comprise ground driving rotating speed and underground actual measurement rotating speed.
Stick-slip vibration strength:
in the formula (4), SSC is a slight stick-slip vibration and RPMtopDriving the rotation speed for the ground; RPMiThe actual measurement rotating speed is underground; omega0Is the sampling frequency of the tool speed.
S14, respectively carrying out normalization processing on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index.
In order to realize comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the vibration intensity of the drill bit, the axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity of the drill bit are subjected to normalization processing, and then an instantaneous vibration intensity index is obtained.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a normalization method, which comprises the following steps:
respectively determining an upper threshold and a lower threshold of axial vibration safety, an upper threshold and a lower threshold of transverse vibration safety and an upper threshold and a lower threshold of stick-slip vibration safety according to the underground axial vibration strength, the radial vibration strength and the stick-slip vibration strength;
respectively calculating and obtaining an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value according to an upper threshold and a lower threshold of axial vibration safety, an upper threshold and a lower threshold of transverse vibration safety and an upper threshold and a lower threshold of stick-slip vibration safety;
and calculating to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
axial vibration characteristic value:
radial vibration characteristic value:
stick-slip vibration characteristic value:
instantaneous vibration intensity index:
in the above formula: av _ u and av _ b are respectively upper and lower thresholds of axial vibration safety; al _ u and al _ b are respectively an upper threshold and a lower threshold of transverse vibration safety; SSC _ u and SSC _ b are respectively an upper threshold and a lower threshold of stick-slip vibration safety; d (av), d (al), d (SSC) are respectively axial, radial and stick-slip vibration intensity characteristic values; d (p) is an index of instantaneous vibration intensity.
Quantitatively evaluating the instantaneous vibration intensity of the drill bit according to the calculated d (p) value, wherein d (p) is less than or equal to 1, and considering that the drill bit is in a safe vibration range; the larger the value of d (p), the higher the instantaneous vibration intensity of the drill bit.
And S15, calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index.
The vibration can damage the drill bit, and further influences the service life of the drill bit, but when the instantaneous vibration intensity index d (p) is in different intervals, the damage degree of the instantaneous vibration intensity index to the drill bit is different, so that the damage coefficient is adopted to calculate the accumulated damage of the vibration to the drill bit within 1 hour, and then the failure risk index of the drill bit is calculated to predict the failure condition of the drill bit.
Specifically, the cumulative value of the vibration intensity index in 1 hour may be calculated:
wherein, WiFor the damage coefficient, a segmented value is adopted:
in the formula, DI is the integrated value of the vibration intensity in 1 hour, Wi is the damage coefficient, α, gamma and lambda are coefficients, and the size of the damage coefficient represents the damage degree of the vibration to the drill bit.
Calculating a bit failure risk index:
in the formula: TI is a drill bit failure risk index; and n is the actual working time of the drill bit.
Calculating a standard value of the risk index when the drill bit fails and predicting the failure condition of the new drill bit:
measuring the underground triaxial vibration and the rotating speed of a new drill bit of a certain model, calculating the risk index of the failed drill bit according to the working time of the failed drill bit and the formula (11), and taking the risk index as the failure risk index standard value TI of the drill bit of the modelstan. Other drill bits actually measure the three-axis vibration and the rotating speed on site in the using process, calculate the failure risk index TI in real time, and compare the TI with the TIstanFailure of the drill bit can be predicted.
The invention provides a drill bit failure prediction method, which obtains an instantaneous vibration intensity index by obtaining the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed of a drill bit in a prediction range and carrying out noise reduction processing and calculation according to the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, realizes quantification of instantaneous vibration intensity under talkback, and has wider application range. Based on the instantaneous vibration intensity index, a cumulative vibration intensity index can then be calculated, enabling a better prediction of the risk of failure of the drill bit under vibrating operating conditions.
The method for predicting the failure of the drill bit provided by the invention is described below by combining specific application scenarios.
For example, the measured data of the three-axis vibration and the rotating speed under the straight well section of the two-opening phi 311.2mm well of the mine A in a certain area are adopted to carry out the underground vibration evaluation, meanwhile, the failure risk standard value of a certain type of tri-cone bit 1 is calculated, and the failure condition of the type of tri-cone bit 2 is predicted according to the standard value. Wherein, the drilling section of the drill bit 1 is 2053m-2104m, the actual service time is 46h, and the broken teeth of the drill bit out of the well are serious and completely fail. The drilling section of the drill bit 2 is 2104-2258m, and the actual service time is 57.5 h.
And (3) carrying out underground vibration actual measurement on the target well section by adopting an underground vibration measuring tool to obtain a near-bit triaxial acceleration signal and a rotating speed signal. The three-axis vibration acceleration signals adopted in the first hour of use of the drill bit 1 are respectively subjected to noise reduction processing to obtain processed acceleration signals ax, ay and az, and the result is shown in fig. 3.
Based on the calculation results, axial vibration intensity, radial vibration intensity and stick-slip vibration intensity are respectively calculated, and unit time length T is setdThe calculation results are shown in fig. 4, 2.0 s. Then, the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value are obtained through calculation respectively, and then the instantaneous strength index is obtained through calculation, and the calculation result is shown in fig. 5. Wherein, av _ u is 1g, av _ b is 0g, al _ u is 2g, al _ b is 0g, SSC _ u is 0.5, and SSC _ b is 0.
The integrated value DI of the vibration intensity in the 1 st hour, where the damage factor W is 3.83h, is calculated according to the formula (9)iThe parameters used are α -1, β -2, γ -4 and λ -8, the risk index TI of the drill bit 1 when it fails is 169.4h according to formula (13), and this value is used as the drill bit actual risk index standard value TIstan。
Repeating the steps to calculate the drill bit failure risk index TI of the drill bit 2 in the actual drilling process, referring to fig. 6, after the drill bit 2 is used for 57.5 hours, the mechanical drilling speed is obviously slowed down, and meanwhile, the failure risk index reaches 161.5 hours and approaches to the standard value TI of the failure risk index of the drill bit of the modelstanTherefore, the drill bit 2 is judged to be failed, and after the drill bit is tripped, the drill bit 2 is found to be seriously broken, so that the normal drilling and rock breaking can not be carried out.
According to the scheme provided by the invention, the underground instantaneous vibration intensity index is established, and the quantification of the underground instantaneous vibration intensity is realized and the application range is wider compared with the traditional vibration classification table; meanwhile, the index comprehensively considers the three-axis vibration and the rotation speed fluctuation of the drill bit, and compared with the independent evaluation of the three-axis vibration and the rotation speed fluctuation, the index can comprehensively represent the working state of the drill bit. The failure risk prediction method of the drill bit is established by utilizing the accumulated vibration strength, and the failure risk of the drill bit in a vibration working state can be better predicted by calculating the risk index standard value of the drill bit in a certain model when the drill bit fails.
There is also provided in an embodiment of the present invention a drill bit failure prediction apparatus, see fig. 7, comprising:
the acquiring unit 10 is used for acquiring a vibration signal at the drill bit within a prediction range through a downhole vibration measuring tool, wherein the vibration signal comprises vibration acceleration and drill bit rotating speed;
the noise reduction unit 20 is configured to perform noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal;
the calculation unit 30 is used for calculating and obtaining the underground axial vibration strength, the radial vibration strength and the stick-slip vibration strength according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotating speed;
the normalization unit 40 is used for respectively performing normalization processing on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index;
and the prediction unit 50 is used for calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index.
The invention provides a drill bit failure prediction device, which obtains the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed of a drill bit in a prediction range through an obtaining unit, and performs noise reduction treatment and calculation in a noise reduction unit and a calculation unit according to the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index, thereby realizing quantification of instantaneous vibration intensity under talkback, and further widening the application range. Then, in the prediction unit, based on the instantaneous vibration intensity index, a cumulative vibration intensity index can be calculated, so that the failure risk of the drill bit under the vibration working state can be well predicted.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, optionally, the noise reduction unit includes:
the expression determining subunit is used for performing blind source separation on the vibration signals and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
and the noise reduction subunit is used for performing noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration based on the noise reduction processing expression to obtain the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises the triaxial vibration acceleration at the drill bit.
Optionally, the calculation unit comprises:
the first calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the axial vibration strength according to a first acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed in the processed three-axis vibration acceleration, wherein the first acceleration represents the acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
the second calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the radial vibration strength according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed in the processed three-axis vibration acceleration, wherein the second acceleration represents the acceleration in the X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents the acceleration in the Z-axis direction;
and the third calculation subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration strength of the drill bit within the same unit time length according to the drill bit rotating speed and the ground driving rotating speed, wherein the drill bit rotating speed is the underground actual measurement rotating speed of the drill bit.
Optionally, the normalization unit includes:
the threshold value determining subunit is used for respectively determining an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value of axial vibration safety, an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value of transverse vibration safety and an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value of stick-slip vibration safety according to the underground axial vibration strength, the radial vibration strength and the stick-slip vibration strength;
the fourth calculation unit is used for respectively calculating and obtaining an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value according to the upper and lower thresholds of the axial vibration safety, the upper and lower thresholds of the transverse vibration safety and the upper and lower thresholds of the stick-slip vibration safety;
and the fifth calculating unit is used for calculating and obtaining an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
Optionally, the prediction unit comprises:
the coefficient determining subunit is used for determining the damage coefficient of each time interval according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
the sixth calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining an accumulated vibration intensity index within a preset time period according to the damage coefficient and the instantaneous vibration intensity index of each time period;
the seventh calculating subunit is used for acquiring the actual working time of the drill bit and calculating to obtain a drill bit failure risk index according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
and the predicting subunit is used for predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the failure risk index of the drill bit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the drill bit failure prediction method and the device, the instantaneous vibration intensity index is obtained by obtaining the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed at the drill bit in the prediction range and carrying out noise reduction treatment and calculation according to the vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, the quantification of the instantaneous vibration intensity under talkback is realized, the application range is wider, and meanwhile, the triaxial vibration and rotating speed fluctuation of the drill bit are comprehensively considered by the index, so that the working state of the drill bit can be comprehensively represented. Based on the instantaneous vibration intensity index, a cumulative vibration intensity index can then be calculated, enabling a better prediction of the risk of failure of the drill bit under vibrating operating conditions.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method of predicting bit failure, comprising:
obtaining a vibration signal at the drill bit within a prediction range through a downhole vibration measurement tool, wherein the vibration signal comprises a vibration acceleration and a drill bit rotation speed;
carrying out noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal;
calculating to obtain the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotating speed;
respectively carrying out normalization processing on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index;
and calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index, and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the denoising the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal comprises:
carrying out blind source separation on the vibration signals, and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
and based on the noise reduction processing expression, carrying out noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises triaxial vibration acceleration at the drill bit.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the calculating a downhole axial vibration strength, a radial vibration strength, and a stick-slip vibration strength from the processed acceleration signal and the bit rotational speed comprises:
calculating to obtain axial vibration strength according to a first acceleration in the processed three-axis vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, wherein the first acceleration represents the acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
calculating to obtain radial vibration strength according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed in the processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the second acceleration represents the acceleration in the X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents the acceleration in the Z-axis direction;
and calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration strength of the drill bit within the same unit time length according to the drill bit rotating speed and the ground driving rotating speed, wherein the drill bit rotating speed is the underground actual measurement rotating speed of the drill bit.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the normalizing the downhole axial vibration strength, radial vibration strength, and stick-slip vibration strength to obtain an instantaneous vibration strength index comprises:
respectively determining an upper threshold and a lower threshold of axial vibration safety, an upper threshold and a lower threshold of transverse vibration safety and an upper threshold and a lower threshold of stick-slip vibration safety according to the underground axial vibration strength, the radial vibration strength and the stick-slip vibration strength;
respectively calculating and obtaining an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value according to the upper and lower thresholds of the axial vibration safety, the upper and lower thresholds of the transverse vibration safety and the upper and lower thresholds of the stick-slip vibration safety;
and calculating to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein calculating a cumulative vibration intensity index based on the instantaneous vibration intensity index and predicting a bit failure risk based on the cumulative vibration intensity index comprises:
determining damage coefficients of all time periods according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index within a preset time period according to the damage coefficient of each time period and the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
acquiring the actual working time of the drill bit, and calculating to obtain a drill bit failure risk index according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the failure risk index of the drill bit.
6. A drill bit failure prediction device, comprising:
the device comprises an acquisition unit, a prediction unit and a control unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a vibration signal at the drill bit within a prediction range through a downhole vibration measurement tool, and the vibration signal comprises vibration acceleration and drill bit rotating speed;
the noise reduction unit is used for carrying out noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration to obtain a processed acceleration signal;
the calculation unit is used for calculating and obtaining the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity according to the processed acceleration signal and the drill bit rotating speed;
the normalization unit is used for respectively performing normalization processing on the underground axial vibration intensity, the radial vibration intensity and the stick-slip vibration intensity to obtain an instantaneous vibration intensity index;
and the prediction unit is used for calculating to obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index and predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the accumulated vibration intensity index.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the noise reduction unit comprises:
the expression determining subunit is used for performing blind source separation on the vibration signals and determining a noise reduction processing expression;
and the noise reduction subunit is used for performing noise reduction processing on the vibration acceleration based on the noise reduction processing expression to obtain processed triaxial vibration acceleration, wherein the vibration acceleration comprises triaxial vibration acceleration at a drill bit.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the computing unit comprises:
the first calculating subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the axial vibration strength according to a first acceleration in the processed three-axis vibration acceleration and the drill bit rotating speed, wherein the first acceleration represents the acceleration in the Y-axis direction;
the second calculating subunit is configured to calculate and obtain a radial vibration strength according to a second acceleration, a third acceleration and the drill bit rotation speed in the processed three-axis vibration acceleration, where the second acceleration represents an acceleration in an X-axis direction, and the third acceleration represents an acceleration in a Z-axis direction;
and the third calculation subunit is used for calculating and obtaining the stick-slip vibration strength of the drill bit within the same unit time length according to the drill bit rotating speed and the ground driving rotating speed, wherein the drill bit rotating speed is the underground actual measurement rotating speed of the drill bit.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the normalization unit comprises:
the threshold value determining subunit is used for respectively determining an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value of axial vibration safety, an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value of transverse vibration safety and an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value of stick-slip vibration safety according to the underground axial vibration strength, the radial vibration strength and the stick-slip vibration strength;
the fourth calculation unit is used for respectively calculating and obtaining an axial vibration characteristic value, a radial vibration characteristic value and a stick-slip vibration characteristic value according to the upper and lower thresholds of the axial vibration safety, the upper and lower thresholds of the transverse vibration safety and the upper and lower thresholds of the stick-slip vibration safety;
and the fifth calculation unit is used for calculating and obtaining an instantaneous vibration intensity index based on the axial vibration characteristic value, the radial vibration characteristic value and the stick-slip vibration characteristic value.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the prediction unit comprises:
the coefficient determining subunit is used for determining the damage coefficient of each time interval according to the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
the sixth calculating subunit is configured to calculate and obtain an accumulated vibration intensity index within a preset time period according to the damage coefficient of each time period and the instantaneous vibration intensity index;
the seventh calculating subunit is used for acquiring the actual working time of the drill bit and calculating to obtain a drill bit failure risk index according to the accumulated vibration intensity index;
and the predicting subunit is used for predicting the failure risk of the drill bit according to the failure risk index of the drill bit.
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