CN110821619B - 用于内燃机的废气后处理的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于内燃机的废气后处理的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN110821619B
CN110821619B CN201910725139.5A CN201910725139A CN110821619B CN 110821619 B CN110821619 B CN 110821619B CN 201910725139 A CN201910725139 A CN 201910725139A CN 110821619 B CN110821619 B CN 110821619B
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catalyst
exhaust gas
internal combustion
combustion engine
temperature
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CN110821619A (zh
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S.保克纳
F-C.B.冯丘默恩-林登斯杰纳
M.曼茨
M.卡克
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Volkswagen AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于内燃机的废气后处理的方法和装置,具体而言涉及一种用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理的方法,该内燃机带有废气设备(20),在该废气设备中布置有至少三个催化器(28,30,32,34)和至少三个λ探测器(38,40,42)。在此,在第一催化器(28)下游设置有能主动地加热的催化器(36),该能主动地加热的催化器从内燃机(10)的发动机起动开始主动地加热。在此,内燃机(10)的λ调节分别通过在到达其起燃温度的相应最后一个催化器(28,30,32,34)下游的这样的λ探测器(38,40,42)来实现。此外,本发明涉及一种用于执行这样的方法的废气后处理***。

Description

用于内燃机的废气后处理的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机的废气后处理的方法以及一种用于执行这样的方法的废气后处理***。
背景技术
将来的废气法规对发动机的未处理排放并且对内燃机的废气后处理提出高要求。随着废气法规Euro(欧) 6d-Temp的引入,机动车必须遵守在接近现实的运行下(真实驾驶排放)的排放限制。多级的废气后处理概念设计在汽油机-环境中的使用对于新的废气规定在不同的废气后处理部件的可调节性以及废气后处理部件的调节品质和运行准备方面提出问题。带有已经设置用于多级的废气后处理的废气设备的研究概念设计显示,此处需要λ调节概念设计,该λ调节概念设计了解相应的废气后处理部件的特点并且在其调节行为方面考虑到这个。进一步地,挑战在于,每个废气后处理部件对于废气中的有害物质成分的最优转变需要特有的边界条件,以便实现最高效的废气后处理。在此证实如下,即由现有技术已知的带有刚性地设计的调节***(Regelsystem)的λ调节概念设计仅提供次最优的排放结果。
由DE 10 2010 002 586 A1已知一种用于运行机动车的带有废气***的内燃机的方法,在该废气***中布置有至少一个催化器和至少一个λ探测器(Lambdasonde,有时称为氧传感器)。内燃机在冷起动之后为了加热催化器变换地以贫燃料空气-混合物和富燃料空气-混合物来运行。λ探测器在冷起动之后如此加热,使得该λ探测器在最大十秒之后是运行准备的,并且内燃机利用基于λ探测器的信号的两点调节来运行。在此,在以贫燃料-空气-混合物和以富燃料-空气-混合物的运行之间的变换分别通过λ探测器的信号来触发。
由DE 10 2013 201 734 A1已知一种用于运行内燃机的废气***中的λ探测器组件的方法,该λ探测器组件带有在催化器上游的至少一个第一λ探测器和在催化器下游的至少一个第二λ探测器。在此,第二λ探测器构造为跳跃式探测器。在此,进行第一λ探测器的特征线偏移的诊断和如有可能特征线偏移误差的匹配。在此,对于在主动的λ调节情况下的诊断探测一个代表催化器的氧气存储能力的值和另一个代表从催化器中氧气发出能力的值。由氧气存储能力和氧气发出能力的比率计算第一λ探测器的特征线偏移。
EP 2 884 066 A1公开一种用于诊断如催化器或过滤器的对象的方法。为了获得关于催化器的功能的特别准确的结论,在此设置成,为了测量催化反应性,催化器的端侧利用带有限定的组分如丙烷或一氧化碳的检验介质借助于装置通过开口来加载并且在处于下游的位置处测量在经过催化器之后检验介质的至少一个还原的或氧化的组成部分的浓度。然而,这样的以限定地组成的(废)气体所进行的加载仅在实验室运行下实现。因此,这样的方法不适用于优化在现实的行驶运行中的排放。
由DE 10 2005 054 733 A1已知一种带有废气后处理***的内燃机,在所述废气后处理***中布置有废气燃烧器,利用废气燃烧器能够加速废气后处理***中三元催化器的加热。在此,设置成,废气燃烧器在内燃机的冷起动阶段中运行并且至少一直保持激活,直到三元催化器到达其起燃温度。
DE 10 2012 011 113 A1公开一种用于内燃机的废气设备,该废气设备带有至少两个流动技术地串联的废气后处理部件,其中,两个废气后处理部件中的后方的一个能够借助于电加热元件来加热。
发明内容
本发明现在基于如下任务,即进一步改善废气后处理***的转变功率并且尤其如此匹配λ调节,使得废气后处理部件的效率能够进一步提升。
根据本发明,该任务通过一种用于内燃机的废气后处理的方法来解决,该内燃机的排出部与废气设备连接。在此,在废气设备中沿废气通过废气设备的流动方向布置有第一催化器、在第一催化器下游布置有第二催化器和在第二催化器下游布置有第三催化器。在废气设备的废气通道中,在第一催化器上游布置有第一λ探测器并且在第一催化器下游以及在第二催化器上游布置有第二λ探测器,其中,在第二催化器下游以及在第三催化器上游布置有第三λ探测器。在此,布置在第一催化器下游的催化器中的一个催化器能够主动地加热。该方法包括如下步骤:
- 主动地加热在第一催化器下游的催化器;
- 将催化器的构件温度与催化器的相应的起燃温度相比较;
- 借助于在到达其起燃温度的最后一个三元催化器下游的这样的λ探测器经由内燃机的λ调节来调节燃烧空气比。
每个用于催化的废气清洁的装置为了实现有效性而需要高于最小温度、所谓的起燃温度。通过根据本发明的方法能够在被动加热之后时间上不久通过由驾驶员外加的负载状态决定地提供用于转变有害物质成分的附加的催化器容量。这尤其是在更高负载的行驶廓线(Fahrprofile)的情况下是重要的,因为在这种情况下起催化作用的表面得到最优地利用。通过在直接地在到达其起燃温度的催化器下游的相应最后一个λ探测器上的λ调节,实现激活的催化器容量的尽可能高效的利用。由此能够实现有害物质的特别高效的转变,由此能够使末端管排放最小。
在本发明的优选的设计方案中设置成,从内燃机的发动机起动开始通过第一λ探测器来实现λ调节。通过在冷起动阶段中λ调节到化学计量的燃烧空气比上,尤其当催化器中的任一个催化器仍没有到达其起燃温度并且废气的废气后处理还不能够通过催化器来实现时,此时能够使内燃机的未处理排放最小。
在该方法的另一个改善方案中设置成,一旦该催化器到达其起燃温度,便将λ调节扩大到在能主动地加热的催化器下游的λ探测器上。通过将λ调节扩大到在能主动地加热的催化器下游的λ探测器上,使供使用的起催化作用的废气后处理容量增大。因为在仍相对冷的催化器中的转变功率受限制,所以由此能够明显改善废气后处理在冷起动阶段中的效率。此外,通过主动的加热能够保证,能主动地加热的催化器尽可能快速地在内燃机的冷起动之后到达其起燃温度并由此能够将包含在废气中的有害物质成分转变成不受限制的废气成分。
在本发明的另外的优选的设计方案中设置成,一旦催化器到达其起燃温度,便设定主动的加热。由此能够减少废气后处理***的能量需求并且使机动车的电池卸载。催化器的进一步加热然后通过在催化器表面处的废气成分的放热反应来实现。
在该方法的一个优选的实施方式中设置成,当在内燃机的运行中能主动地加热的催化器的温度下降到其起燃温度之下时,λ调节通过在第一催化器上游的第一λ探测器和在第一催化器下游的第二λ探测器来实现。由此能够使λ调节与催化器的相应起催化作用的容量相匹配,从而实现在如下这样的催化器上的λ调节,所述催化器实现受限制的气态的有害物质成分的高效转变。
在此,特别有利的是,当能主动地加热的催化器的温度在内燃机的运行中下落到其起燃温度之下时,又激活主动的加热。通过主动的加热能够将能主动地加热的催化器又加热到其起燃温度上,从而使供使用的起催化作用的催化器容量增大。由此能够改善废气后处理***的转变功率并且减少末端管排放。
在该方法的一个有利的改善方案中设置成,查明内燃机的待期望的负载廓线,并且当根据待期望的负载廓线能假设能主动地加热的催化器的构件温度下降到其起燃温度之下时,加热能主动地加热的催化器。由此能够例如查明车辆驾驶员的驾驶行为和/或识别车辆驾驶员的优选的行驶路段。这能够例如根据机动车的导航数据或发动机数据的评价来实现。如果识别到,待期望的下一个行驶区段预计以内燃机的弱负载运行驶过(在该弱负载运行的情况下能电加热的催化器的温度下降到其起燃温度之下),那么加热能加热的催化器,以便继续提供最大可能的激活的催化器容量。
根据本发明,提出一种用于内燃机的废气后处理***,该废气后处理***能够联接到内燃机的排出部处。废气后处理***包括废气设备,在所述废气设备中沿废气通过废气设备的流动方向布置有第一催化器,在第一催化器下游布置有第二催化器和在第二催化器下游布置有第三催化器。在此,在废气设备的废气通道中在第一催化器上游布置有第一λ探测器,并且在第一催化器下游以及在第二催化器上游布置有第二λ探测器。此外,在第二催化器下游以及在第三催化器上游布置有第三λ探测器。设置成,布置在第一催化器下游的催化器中的一个催化器实施为能主动地加热的催化器、尤其是能电加热的催化器。废气后处理***附加地包括控制器,该控制器设置成用于,在机器可读的程序代码通过控制器实施时执行根据本发明的方法。通过这样的废气后处理***可行的是,改善催化器的转变功率并且减少排放。
在废气后处理***的一个优选的实施方式中设置成,催化器实施为三元催化器或具有起三元催化作用的废气后处理部件、尤其催化覆层。通过三元催化器不仅能够进一步氧化未燃烧的碳化氢(HC)和一氧化碳(CO)而且能够还原氮氧化物(NOX)。由此相对于其它只能够减少一种废气成分的催化器得出如下优点,即,能够通过这样一种催化器减少所有受限制的废气成分。
在本发明的一个有利的改进方案中设置成,在第一催化器下游以及在第二催化器上游布置有第四催化器。通过附加的催化器能够增大供使用的起催化作用的催化器容量。这不仅在冷起动阶段中(在该冷起动阶段中催化器的催化活性仍受限)具有优点,而且在内燃机全负载运行的情况下具有优点。此外,催化器遭受老化过程,由此转变功率在催化器的使用寿命上减小。此处通过附加的催化器创造一种储备,该储备负责即使在催化器明显老化的情况下也仍存在足够的催化器容量,以便在所有内燃机的运行情况下实现受限制的废气成分的完全转变。
在此,特别优选的是,第四催化器基本上没有能存储氧气的成分地实施。通过带有基本上没有能存储氧气的成分地实施的涂层的第四催化器的实施方案,第四催化器和第二催化器能够共同地经由λ探测器来调节。此外,该调节不由于附加的氧气存储器的填充和排空而减慢,由此能够进一步提升废气后处理的效率。
在废气后处理***的一个优选的实施方式中设置成,能主动地加热的催化器包括电加热元件。电加热元件、尤其是电加热片能够简单地且成本适宜地集成到能主动地加热的催化器中。备选地,这样的加热元件能够直接地前置于能主动地加热的催化器。电加热元件相对于借助于废气燃烧器来加热具有如下优点,即,该加热元件需要相对少的结构空间并由此能够简单地且以小的额外成本集成到废气设备中。
在废气后处理***的另一个优选的实施变型方案中设置成,能主动地加热的催化器构造为四元催化器。除了受限制的气态的废气成分以外,通过四元催化器也能够抑制来自废气的颗粒。由此能够实现,也满足将来的废气标准,在所述废气标准中除了气态的废气成分以外也限制所排放的碳黑颗粒的数量。
在此,特别优选的是,四元催化器具有导电的过滤基底,当电压施加到过滤基底处时,该过滤基底实现四元催化器的加热。通过能电加热的过滤基底能够实现起催化作用的结构的直接加热。由此不需要前置的加热元件。此外,能够通过过滤基底的电加热支持四元催化器的再生,以便将抑制在四元催化器中的碳黑颗粒氧化。
在废气后处理***的一个有利的改善方案中设置成,相应地第一λ探测器实施为宽带探测器和另外的λ探测器实施为跳跃式探测器。通过宽带探测器能够实现废气通道中燃烧空气比的定量确定。通过跳跃式探测器能够识别穿过相应的催化器的突破,以便在λ调节的范围内相应地匹配燃烧空气比。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中设置成,在废气设备中布置有温度传感器。通过废气设备中的温度传感器能够查明废气温度和/或催化器的构件温度。由此能够更容易识别,相应的催化器是否到达其起燃温度。尤其,温度传感器也能够用于在计算模型中提供信息以用于确定构件温度并且改善该计算模型。
本发明的在本申请中列举的不同的实施方式只要在单个情况下没有不同地实施就能够有利地相互组合。
附图说明
随后在实施例中根据所属的附图阐释本发明。其中:
图1示出带有根据本发明的废气后处理***的内燃机的一个实施例。
图2示出针对带有根据本发明的废气后处理***的内燃机的另一个实施例;以及
图3示出用于执行用于内燃机的废气后处理的根据本发明的方法的流程图。
附图标记列表
10 内燃机
12 燃烧室
14 火花塞
16 进入部
18 排出部
20 废气设备
22 废气通道
24 废气涡轮增压器
26 涡轮机
28 第一催化器
30 第二催化器
32 第三催化器
34 第四催化器
36 能主动地加热的催化器
38 第一λ探测器
40 第二λ探测器
42 第三λ探测器
44 宽带探测器
46 跳跃式探测器
48 温度传感器
50 发动机控制器
52 电加热元件
54 四元催化器
56 过滤基底。
具体实施方式
图1以示意性的图示示出带有废气后处理***的内燃机10。内燃机10具有多个燃烧室12,火花塞14分别布置在所述燃烧室处。内燃机10具有进入部16,内燃机10能够利用该进入部与出于层次清楚的原因未示出的空气供给***连接。此外,内燃机10具有排出部18,内燃机10利用该排出部与废气设备20连接,如此,使得废气能够从内燃机10的燃烧室12导引到废气设备20中。废气设备20包括废气通道22,在该废气通道中沿内燃机10的废气通过废气通道22的流动方向布置有废气涡轮增压器24的涡轮机26、在涡轮机26下游布置有第一催化器28、在第一催化器28下游布置有第二催化器30和进一步在下游布置有第三催化器32。第一催化器28优选地实施为三元催化器并且在接近发动机的位置中布置在废气设备20中。接近发动机的位置就此而言理解为带有从内燃机10的排出部18起小于80cm、优选地小于50cm的废气行程长度的位置。第二催化器30实施为能主动地加热的催化器36、尤其实施为借助于电加热元件52能主动地加热的三元催化器。第三催化器32优选地布置在机动车的下底部位置中并且同样实施为三元催化器。优选地,催化器28,30,32中的一个催化器实施为四元催化器54,从而除了转变气态的废气组成部分以外也能够实现碳黑颗粒的抑制。
在废气通道22中,在废气涡轮增压器34的涡轮机26下游以及在第一催化器28上游布置有第一λ探测器38。第一λ探测器38优选地实施为宽带探测器44并由此实现在第一催化器28上游的燃烧空气比的定量评价。在废气通道22中,在第一催化器28下游以及在第二催化器30上游设置有第二λ探测器40,该第二λ探测器优选地实施为跳跃式探测器46。在废气通道22中,在第二催化器30下游以及在第三催化器32上游布置有第三λ探测器42,该第三λ探测器优选地实施为跳跃式探测器46。此外,在废气通道22中能够布置有温度传感器48,以便测量废气温度并由此计算催化器28,30,32的构件温度。
对于电加热元件52备选地(该电加热元件前置于催化器30,32),在能主动地加热的催化器36作为四元催化器54的实施方案中,颗粒过滤器54的过滤基底56也能够导电地并由此能直接加热地实施。
内燃机10以及λ探测器38,40,42和温度传感器48经由信号线路与发动机控制器50连接。根据λ探测器38,40,42和温度传感器48的信息来控制燃烧室12中的喷射量、喷射时间点和点火时间点,以便能够确保燃料-空气-混合物的尽可能低排放的燃烧。
为了使内燃机10在冷起动之后的排放最小,尽可能大的激活的催化器容量的快速提供是必要的。此外,为了改善转变功率也需要借助于微调进行持续的λ调节的匹配,所述微调的调节***(Regelstrecke,有时称为调节对象)不仅仅如在由现有技术已知的λ调节那样局限于第一催化器28,而是实现对整个激活的催化器容量的调节。
为了将附加的λ探测器40,42并入到微调的调节***中,布置在该λ探测器40,42上游的催化器30,32必须到达其起燃温度。因为这在催化器30,32的远离发动机的位置中、尤其是在机动车的下底部位置中不是在所有运行情况下都确保,第二催化器40借助于电加热元件52在内燃机10的发动机起动之后或在内燃机10的弱负载的运行情况中进行外部加热。当接近发动机的第一催化器28到达其起燃温度TLOK1并且在第一催化器28下游的第二λ探测器40能够参与到λ调节时,加热措施能够为了降低总能量需求并且为了保护机动车的电池而减少或关断。一旦能主动地加热的催化器36通过内燃机10的发动机运行到达其起燃温度TLOK2,则λ调节又应延展到第三λ探测器42上。在λ调节的调节***方面的可变性的实现需要对已经激活的催化器容量的智能识别。这能够例如通过储存在内燃机10的发动机控制器50中的计算模型来实现。
在图2中示出根据本发明的废气后处理***的一个备选的实施例。在和对于图1所实施的基本上相同的构造的情况下,在该实施例中,在第一催化器28下游以及在第二催化器30上游布置有第四催化器34。第四催化器34优选地实施为带有涂层的三元催化器,该涂层基本上没有能存储氧气的成分地实施。由此能够提高催化器容量,而在该第四催化器下游不需要附加的λ探测器。通过没有氧气存储能力的涂层能够实现经由第三λ探测器42对第四催化器34和能加热的第二催化器30,36的共同的调节。备选地,也能够设置另外的λ探测器,其中,λ调节的调节***延展到沿流动方向相应最后一个λ探测器38,40,42上,该λ探测器的直接地处于上游的催化器28,30,32到达其起燃温度。如果催化器28,30,32中的任一个催化器都没有到达其起燃温度,那么λ调节经由第一λ探测器38实现。除了通过经由附加的第四催化器34增大的催化器容量所实现的改善的转变功率以外,在图2中提出的废气后处理***也具有提高的耐老化性的优点。
在图3中示出用于执行用于内燃机10的废气后处理的根据本发明的方法的流程图,该内燃机带有在图1中示出的废气后处理***。在内燃机10的冷起动<100>的情况下,首先在第一方法步骤<110>中经由也被称为引导探测器的第一λ探测器38实现λ调节。在此,将内燃机10的燃烧空气比调节到化学计量的燃烧空气比(λ=1)上。同时,在方法步骤<120>中实现能电加热的催化器36的加热,带有尽可能快速地利用该催化器36的目的。如果能电加热的催化器36到达其起燃温度(这能够通过温度测量或储存在控制器50中的计算模型来查明),则将在能电加热的催化器36下游的第三λ探测器42用于微调。如果能电加热的催化器36到达其起燃温度,则在下一个方法步骤<130>中将该催化器36的加热取消激活。这能够尤其在内燃机10的弱负载阶段中导致能电加热的催化器36冷却到其起燃温度之下。在这种情况下将λ调节在下一个方法步骤<140>中转换到在接近发动机的第一催化器28下游的第二λ探测器40上。如果能电加热的催化器36在内燃机10的另外的运行<150>中通过内燃机10的废气又加热到其起燃温度,那么将λ调节在方法步骤<160>中又调节到第三λ探测器42上。废气设备20中的第三催化器32用于防止在第三λ探测器的车载诊断期间的排放突破(Emissionsdurchbruch,有时称为排放爆发)。该第三催化器32不主动地一同并入到λ调节中。
如果内燃机10在弱负载运行中运行,则能电加热的催化器36能够通过重新激活电加热元件52又加热到其起燃温度上。由此在弱负载阶段中也能够保证该催化器36的催化活性。如果能电加热的催化器36又到达其起燃温度,则λ调节又能够延展到第三λ探测器42上。利用该方法能够使在λ调节的调节***内的激活的催化器容量最大。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理的方法,所述内燃机的排出部(18)与废气设备(20)连接,其中,在所述废气设备(20)中,沿废气通过所述废气设备(20)的流动方向布置有第一催化器(28)、在所述第一催化器(28)下游布置有第二催化器(30)和在所述第二催化器(30)下游布置有第三催化器(32),其中,在所述废气设备(20)的废气通道(22)中在所述第一催化器(28)上游布置有第一λ探测器(38),并且在所述第一催化器(28)下游以及在所述第二催化器(30)上游布置有第二λ探测器(40),其中,在所述第二催化器(30)下游以及在所述第三催化器(32)上游布置有第三λ探测器(42),并且其中,布置在所述第一催化器(28)下游的催化器中的一个催化器能够主动地加热,所述方法包括如下步骤:
- 主动地加热在所述第一催化器(28)下游的催化器,
- 将所述催化器的构件温度(TK1,TK2,TK3)与所述催化器的相应的起燃温度(TLOK1,TLOK2,TLOK3)相比较,
- 借助于在已到达其起燃温度(TLOK1,TLOK2,TLOK3)的最后一个催化器下游的这样的λ探测器(38,40,42)经由所述内燃机(10)的λ调节来调节燃烧空气比,
- 从所述内燃机(10)的发动机起动开始通过所述第一λ探测器(38)来实现所述λ调节,
- 一旦所述催化器已到达其起燃温度,便将所述λ调节扩大到在能主动地加热的催化器下游的λ探测器(40,42)上,且其中
- 一旦所述催化器已到达其起燃温度,便设定主动的加热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理的方法,其特征在于,当在所述内燃机(10)的运行中所述能主动地加热的催化器的温度下降到其起燃温度(TLOK2,TLOK3)之下时,所述λ调节通过在所述第一催化器(28)上游的第一λ探测器(38)和所述第一催化器(28)下游的第二λ探测器(40)来实现。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理的方法,其特征在于,当所述能主动地加热的催化器的温度在所述内燃机(10)的运行中下落到其起燃温度(TLOK2,TLOK3)之下时,又激活所述主动的加热。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理的方法,其特征在于,查明所述内燃机(10)的待期望的负载廓线,并且当根据所述待期望的负载廓线能假设所述能主动地加热的催化器的构件温度下降到其起燃温度(TLOK2,TLOK3)之下时,加热所述能主动地加热的催化器。
5.一种用于内燃机(10)的废气后处理***,所述废气后处理***能够联接到所述内燃机(10)的排出部(18)处,其中,所述废气后处理***包括废气设备(20),在所述废气设备中沿废气通过所述废气设备(20)的流动方向布置有第一催化器(28),在所述第一催化器(28)下游布置有第二催化器(30)和在所述第二催化器(30)下游布置有第三催化器(32),其中,在所述废气设备(20)的废气通道(22)中在所述第一催化器(28)上游布置有第一λ探测器(38),并且在所述第一催化器(28)下游以及在所述第二催化器(30)上游布置有第二λ探测器(40),并且其中,在所述第二催化器(30)下游以及在所述第三催化器(32)上游布置有第三λ探测器(42),并且其中,布置在所述第一催化器(28)下游的催化器中的一个催化器实施为能主动地加热的催化器,其特征在于,所述废气后处理***包括控制器(50),所述控制器设置成用于,在机器可读的程序代码通过所述控制器(50)实施时执行根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法。
6.根据权利要求5所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,所述催化器具有起三元催化作用的废气后处理部件。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,在所述第一催化器(28)下游以及在所述第二催化器(30)上游布置有第四催化器(34)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,所述第四催化器(34)实施成基本上没有能存储氧气的成分。
9.根据权利要求中5或6所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,所述能主动地加热的催化器包括电加热元件(52)。
10.根据权利要求5或6所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,所述能主动地加热的催化器构造为四元催化器(54),其中,所述四元催化器(54)具有导电的过滤基底(56),当将电压施加到所述过滤基底(56)处时,所述过滤基底实现所述四元催化器(54)的加热。
11.根据权利要求5或6所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,所述第一λ探测器(38)实施为宽带探测器(44)并且另外的λ探测器(40,42)分别构造为跳跃式探测器(46)。
12.根据权利要求5或6所述的废气后处理***,其特征在于,在所述废气设备(20)中布置有温度传感器(48)。
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