CN110818503A - Method for promoting decomposition of zizania aquatica straws - Google Patents
Method for promoting decomposition of zizania aquatica straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN110818503A CN110818503A CN201911103878.7A CN201911103878A CN110818503A CN 110818503 A CN110818503 A CN 110818503A CN 201911103878 A CN201911103878 A CN 201911103878A CN 110818503 A CN110818503 A CN 110818503A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws, which comprises the following steps: selecting a composting site; preparing a fermentation liquid: dissolving brown sugar in water at 80-100 ℃, wherein the ratio of the brown sugar to the water is 1: 7-9 ℃, cooling to 30-40 ℃, adding EM microbial inoculum, sealing and fermenting for 7-12 days to obtain fermentation liquor; preparing an organic fertilizer: crushing wild rice stem straws, dividing the crushed wild rice stem straws into a plurality of parts, mixing each part of crushed wild rice stem straws with livestock and poultry manure and fermentation liquor respectively to obtain a mixed material, and regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material to be 20-30 by adopting urea: 1, mixing a plurality of mixed materials, adjusting the water content to 60-70%, then piling the mixed materials into a strip shape, tightly covering the strip shape by using plastic cloth, turning the pile when the center of the compost reaches 60 ℃, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 40-55 days to obtain a decomposition product. The invention has the advantages of high decomposition speed, high decomposition degree, convenient operation and easy control by farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of efficient resource utilization of crop straws, in particular to a method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws.
Background
Zizania latifolia, a famous zizania aquatica, is a perennial shallow water gramineous plant. The wild melon has high economic value, tender stalk base stems of the wild melon are thick, fat and tender after being parasitized by fungi, and the wild melon is a delicious vegetable, is rich in nutrition and contains saccharides, organic nitrogen, moisture, fat, protein, fiber, ash, amino acid and the like.
Because the economic benefit of the wild rice shoots is great, farmers can plant the wild rice shoots in large areas in Anhui, Zhejiang and other fields. According to research, the biomass of leaves and leaf sheaths of the wild rice shoots accounts for 50 to 70 percent of the total mass of the wild rice shoots. About 5000kg of fresh wild rice stem straw can be produced in each mu of wild rice stem field, which is 2-4 times of the yield of straw per mu of crops such as rice, wheat and the like.
If the cane shoot straws are discarded and burned at will, serious environmental pollution and resource waste can be caused. Research shows that crop waste is decomposed under natural conditions to generate soluble organic matters and inorganic nutrients, which enter a water environment along with surface runoff, so that water eutrophication is caused, and bacteria and viruses are spread. Because the biomass of the zizania latifolia straws is large, the decomposition speed of the straws directly returned to the field is low, the normal transplantation and growth of the next crop can be influenced, and the un-decomposed and completely decomposed straws contain germs and worm eggs, so that the risk of plant diseases and insect pests of the next crop is increased. Therefore, the method for promoting the decomposition of the zizania latifolia straws has important significance for the sustainable production of the zizania latifolia.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws, which is simple and convenient to operate, easy to master and high in decomposition degree.
A method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws comprises the following steps: crushing zizania latifolia straws, adding fermentation liquor, livestock and poultry manure and urea, uniformly mixing, adjusting water content, and performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain decomposition products.
Preferably, the wild rice stem straws are crushed to the length of 1-3 cm.
Preferably, the fermentation broth comprises an EM inoculant; specifically, the fermentation liquor is prepared by adopting the following process: adding EM microbial inoculum into brown sugar water solution, sealing and fermenting.
Preferably, in the brown sugar aqueous solution of the fermentation broth preparation process, the ratio of brown sugar to water is 1: 7-9 ℃, the temperature of the brown sugar aqueous solution is 30-40 ℃, and the sealing fermentation time is 7-12 days.
Preferably, the preparation process of the brown sugar aqueous solution is as follows: dissolving brown sugar in water of 80-100 deg.C, and cooling to 30-40 deg.C.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the wild rice stem straws is 1.5-2.5: 100.
preferably, the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the wild rice stem straws is 20-25: 100.
preferably, the livestock manure is at least one of sheep manure, cattle manure, pig manure and chicken manure, and the livestock manure is preferably sheep manure or cattle manure.
Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the system is adjusted to be 20-30 by adopting urea: 1.
preferably, the water content is adjusted to 60-70% after mixing uniformly.
Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation time is 40-55 days; in the anaerobic fermentation process, the materials to be fermented are piled into a strip shape, the strip shape is tightly covered by plastic cloth, and the pile is turned when the center of the compost reaches 60 ℃.
Specifically, the method is implemented according to the following technical steps:
(1) selecting a composting site: selecting a leeward and sunny place with flat terrain and close to a water source;
(2) preparing a fermentation liquid: dissolving brown sugar in water at 80-100 ℃, wherein the ratio of the brown sugar to the water is 1: 7-9 ℃, cooling to 30-40 ℃, adding EM microbial inoculum, sealing and fermenting for 7-12 days to obtain fermentation liquor;
(3) preparing an organic fertilizer: the method comprises the following steps of crushing wild rice stem straws, dividing the crushed wild rice stem straws into a plurality of parts, mixing each part of crushed wild rice stem straws with livestock manure and fermentation liquor to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mass ratio of the wild rice stem straws to the fermentation liquor to the livestock manure is 100: 1.5-2.5: 20-25, regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material to be 20-30 by adopting urea: 1, mixing a plurality of mixed materials, adjusting the water content to 60-70%, then piling the mixed materials into a strip shape, tightly covering the strip shape by using plastic cloth, turning the pile when the center of the compost reaches 60 ℃, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 40-55 days to obtain a decomposition product.
The concrete operation of the mixing is as follows: uniformly paving each part of crushed cane shoot straws on the ground, uniformly scattering livestock and poultry manure according to a proportion, uniformly spraying fermentation liquor by using a spraying pot according to a proportion, and then adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material to be 20-30 by using urea: 1.
preferably, the mass of each part of the crushed zizania latifolia straw accounts for 15-25% of the total mass of the crushed zizania latifolia straw.
The invention has the following advantages: the method for promoting the rotting of the zizania latifolia straws can effectively solve the problem of resource utilization of the zizania latifolia straws, and is simple to operate and low in cost; by adopting the EM bacteria to treat the straws, the decomposition time of the wild rice stem straws is obviously shortened, the decomposed products are rich in humic acid and mineral nutrient substances, the soil can be obviously improved after the wild rice stem straws are decomposed and returned to the field, the soil fertility is improved, and the growth promotion effect on crops is realized.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
The following zizania latifolia straws are taken from a plant sample obtained after harvesting single-cropping zizania latifolia in Yuexi county of Anhui province, Anqing city.
The EM microbial inoculum is a microbial inoculum which is compounded by 10 microorganisms which are more than 80 and mainly comprise photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes; the following EM fungicide manufacturers are environment-friendly biotechnology Limited Inc. of Liangle, Nanjing.
Example 1
A method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws comprises the following steps: crushing 50kg of wild rice stem to 1-3cm, uniformly spreading 12.5kg of crushed wild rice stem on the ground, uniformly spreading 2.5kg of dry chicken manure, uniformly spreading 0.5kg of urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 25, uniformly spraying 300g of fermentation liquor by using a spraying pot, stacking the rest 37.5kg of crushed wild rice stem into four layers according to the operation, wetting by using water to adjust the water content to 65%, tightly covering by using plastic cloth, turning when the composting center reaches 60 ℃, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 45 days to obtain a decomposition product.
Example 2
A method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws comprises the following steps: 50kg of wild rice stem straws are crushed to 1-3cm, 12.5kg of crushed wild rice stem straws are uniformly paved on the ground, 2.5kg of dry cow dung is uniformly spread, 0.4kg of urea is uniformly spread to adjust the C/N ratio to be 25, 300g of fermentation liquor is uniformly sprayed by a spraying pot, then the rest 37.5kg of crushed wild rice stem straws are overlapped into four layers according to the operation, the water content is adjusted to be 65% by watering with water, then the wild rice stem straws are covered by plastic cloth, when the compost center reaches 60 ℃, the stack is required to be turned, and the decomposition product is obtained after anaerobic fermentation for 45 days.
Example 4
A method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws comprises the following steps: crushing 50kg of wild rice stem to 1-3cm, uniformly spreading 12.5kg of crushed wild rice stem on the ground, uniformly spreading 2.5kg of dry sheep manure, uniformly spreading 0.4kg of urea to adjust the C/N ratio to 25, uniformly spraying 300g of fermentation liquor by using a spraying pot, stacking the rest 37.5kg of crushed wild rice stem into four layers according to the operation, wetting by using water to adjust the water content to 65%, tightly covering by using plastic cloth, turning when the composting center reaches 60 ℃, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 45 days to obtain a decomposition product.
Comparative example
The method for decomposing the wild rice stem straws comprises the following steps: 50kg of wild rice stem straws are crushed to 1-3cm, 12.5kg of crushed wild rice stem straws are uniformly paved on the ground, 2.5kg of dry chicken manure is uniformly spread, 0.5kg of urea is uniformly spread to adjust the C/N ratio to be 25, no fermentation liquor is sprayed, then the rest 37.5kg of crushed wild rice stem straws are stacked into four layers according to the operation, the water content is adjusted to be 65% by watering with water, then the stack is covered by plastic cloth, when the composting center reaches 60 ℃, the stack needs to be turned over, and the decomposition product is obtained after anaerobic fermentation for 45 days.
The decomposition products obtained in examples 1 to 3 and the control example were examined and the results were as follows:
as can be seen from the above table: compared with the comparative example, the water-soluble ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, organic matters, total nitrogen and seed germination rate of the decomposition products obtained in the examples 1-3 are greatly improved, and are respectively improved by 142%, 206%, 22%, 12% and 22% on average, which shows that the decomposition speed of the cane shoot straws is increased and the decomposition quality of the cane shoot straws is improved after the EM bacteria are added.
Comparing the difference between the measurement indexes of the decomposition products obtained in the 3 examples shows that the effect of adopting sheep manure or cattle manure is better than that of chicken manure.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws is characterized by comprising the following steps: crushing wild rice stem straws, adding fermentation liquor and livestock and poultry manure, uniformly mixing, and regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio of a system to be 20-30 by adopting urea: 1, regulating the water content, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 40-55 days to obtain a decomposition product.
2. The method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the zizania latifolia straws are crushed to a length of 1-3 cm.
3. The method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation liquid comprises EM microbial inoculum; specifically, the fermentation liquor is prepared by adopting the following process: adding EM microbial inoculum into brown sugar water solution, sealing and fermenting.
4. The method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sealing fermentation time is 7-12 days; in the brown sugar water solution, the ratio of brown sugar to water is 1: 7-9 ℃, and the temperature of the brown sugar aqueous solution is 30-40 ℃; preferably, the preparation process of the brown sugar aqueous solution is as follows: dissolving brown sugar in water of 80-100 deg.C, and cooling to 30-40 deg.C.
5. The method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the zizania latifolia straws is 1.5-2.5: 100.
6. the method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the zizania latifolia straws is 20-25: 100.
7. the method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the livestock manure is at least one of sheep manure, cattle manure, pig manure and chicken manure, preferably sheep manure or cattle manure.
8. The method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content is adjusted to 60-70% after uniform mixing.
9. The method for promoting decomposition of zizania latifolia straws as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the anaerobic fermentation process, the materials to be fermented are piled into a strip shape, covered tightly by plastic cloth, and turned when the compost center reaches 60 ℃.
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| CN201911103878.7A CN110818503A (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Method for promoting decomposition of zizania aquatica straws |
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| CN201911103878.7A CN110818503A (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Method for promoting decomposition of zizania aquatica straws |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112868497A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | EM (effective microorganisms) bacterium matrix for strawberry planting |
| CN113135780A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-20 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所 | Wild rice fermented organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114130792A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-04 | 北京如景生态园林绿化有限公司 | On-site resource utilization method for agricultural and forestry garbage |
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| CN105693305A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-06-22 | 晋小军 | Method for preparing efficient organic fertilizer through composting livestock and poultry night soil and crop straws |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112868497A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-01 | 杨凌职业技术学院 | EM (effective microorganisms) bacterium matrix for strawberry planting |
| CN113135780A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-20 | 中国科学院地球环境研究所 | Wild rice fermented organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114130792A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-04 | 北京如景生态园林绿化有限公司 | On-site resource utilization method for agricultural and forestry garbage |
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