CN110810226A - Cuttage culture method for hydroponic aizoon stonecrop herb - Google Patents
Cuttage culture method for hydroponic aizoon stonecrop herb Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cuttage culture method of water planting cardiotropha, which improves the formulation of the root solution of the cardiotropha, the structure of a culture tank, the formulation of the nutrient solution of biogas slurry and the culture method of the cardiotropha, the root solution and the nutrient solution of the biogas slurry are all made by using biogas slurry, a new way of utilizing the biogas slurry is opened up, the problem that the biogas slurry has huge quantity and can not be consumed is solved, the resource utilization of the biogas slurry is carried out, and the rooting effect and the culture effect can be improved, the culture frame of the invention has simple structure and low cost, after the cardiotropha is transplanted and planted at one time, creeping roots of the cardiotropha can freely tillered and grow more numerous roots on the surface of a reticular filament layer, the yield of the cardiotropha can be improved, the culture method of the invention can save water, save farming space, relieve the contradiction lack of land, is suitable for areas cultivated on surface, is beneficial to solving, carrying out facility agricultural production and creating income for enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aizoon stonecrop cultivation, in particular to a cuttage cultivation method of water culture aizoon stonecrop.
Background
The aizoon stonecrop herb, also called aizoon stonecrop herb and heart resurrection herb, is originally produced in northeast, north China, east China and other areas of China. The vegetable is a perennial herb for both food and medicine. The rapid adjustment of the agricultural planting structure and the implementation of a series of people-enriching measures such as the ecological agriculture environment, the sustainable agriculture production and the rapid development of rural cash crops must promote the rapid development of agriculture. The aizoon stonecrop herb is a good economic crop, and has high nutrition and health care values. The vigorous and extensive cultivation of cabbage is an important content for adjusting the agricultural planting structure.
First, the nutritional and economic value of aizoon stonecrop herb.
Aizoon stonecrop herb is a health-care vegetable formed by hybridizing rare wild sedum aizoon and aizoon stonecrop herb in Chinese academy of agricultural science. After more than ten years of meticulous cultivation and research and practice, the experts screen out the new variety of the high-yield and high-quality sedum aizoon planted at present. The vegetable has strong adaptability, does not need to be applied with pesticide or chemical fertilizer, and is a real green pollution-free health vegetable.
The cultivation technique of the aizoon stonecrop herb is suitable for planting in various soils, is simple and can be realized by only cultivating and harrowing the aizoon stonecrop herb and ensuring proper soil moisture content. Can be planted by cutting in 3-5 months per year. The depth is 3.33-4.95 cm, the row spacing is 35-50 cm, the plant spacing is 25-30 cm, and each hole is 2-4 plants. The aizoon stonecrop herb does not need to be applied with pesticide, chemical fertilizer or water, and only in case of special drought, the combination of water and soil cultivation and farmyard manure additional application are carried out. The aizoon stonecrop herb is characterized in that 4-5 m3 of farmyard manure is broadcast every 667m2 in late 2 months every year, and a small amount of ridging is performed in combination with fertilization, so that root system rolling, multiple rooting and multiple tillering can be promoted, and the yield is improved. Attention should be paid to intertillage and weeding among them.
The root system of the aizoon stonecrop herb is a creeping root system, and we find in experiments that the root system of the aizoon stonecrop herb is not tolerant to an anoxic static water culture mode. Therefore, the water culture frame device is adopted, which is beneficial to the growth of the root system. However, the current water culture rack device has the following defects:
1) the cultivation hole mode is single and independent, each hole can only be used for planting a plurality of heart nourishing vegetable seedlings, the germination and expansion of creeping roots of the heart nourishing vegetable are not facilitated, and the yield is limited.
2) The cultivation hole is to fix the seedling with cultivation field planting basket and sponge, and is more troublesome when planting, because the root system winding need destroy the field planting basket and cause the field planting basket to be disposable when gathering.
3) The height of the nutrient solution in the water tank can not be adjusted, and the nutrient solution has no adjusting effect on different root lengths in different growth periods.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cutting culture method of hydroponic aizoon stonecrop herb.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a cutting culture method of hydroponic aizoon stonecrop comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a gynura segetum cutting shoot, and carrying out rooting treatment on the gynura segetum cutting shoot by using a rooting solution based on diluted biogas slurry to obtain a gynura segetum seedling;
and 2, placing the seedlings of the Chinese cabbage on a Chinese cabbage water culture frame, and culturing the seedlings of the Chinese cabbage by utilizing the biogas liquid nutrient solution.
Further, the preparation method of the rooting solution comprises the following steps: diluting the biogas slurry with clear water, and adding sulfamethoxazole, wherein the content of ammonia and nitrogen in the rooting solution is 20-50mg/L, the conductivity is 0.30-0.60ms/cm, and the content of sulfamethoxazole is 0.1-0.3 g/L.
Furthermore, the aizoon stonecrop water culture frame comprises a culture tank, wherein a first fine wire mesh and a second fine wire mesh are laid on the upper surface of the culture tank, meshes of the first fine wire mesh and the second fine wire mesh are arranged in a staggered mode, and the water outlet end of the culture tank is provided with overflow ports with different heights.
Further, the preparation method of the biogas slurry nutrient solution comprises the following steps: diluting the biogas slurry with clear water, and adding calcium superphosphate, chelated iron, tetrahydrate manganese sulfate, boric acid and monopotassium phosphate, wherein the content of ammonia and nitrogen in the biogas slurry nutrient solution is 40-60mg/L, the conductivity is 0.5-0.65ms/cm, the content of calcium superphosphate is 460mg/L, the content of chelated iron is 24mg/L, the content of tetrahydrate manganese sulfate is 2mg/L, the content of boric acid is 3mg/L, and the content of monopotassium phosphate is 450 mg/L.
Further, the culture temperature in the step 2 is between 20 and 27 ℃.
Further, in the step 2, during the culture period, the biogas slurry nutrient solution is filled into the liquid storage tank, and the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tank and the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank are circulated by using a pump, wherein the circulation time and the circulation interval per day are as follows: circulating twice every day for 15-25min every day in the first 10-30 days of culture, adding biogas slurry every two circumferential culture tanks, adjusting the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tanks to be within 0.5-0.65, starting a pump for circulating for four times every day in 31-50 days, circulating for 20-30min every day, completely replacing the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tanks every other week, and adjusting the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution to be within 0.5-0.70.
Further, in the step 2, during the culture period, when the stem of the aizoon stonecrop grows to 15-20cm, harvesting a tender stem 10-15cm from the upper end of the aizoon stonecrop, adding biogas slurry into the culture tank after harvesting one crop, adjusting the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution to 0.6-0.8, increasing the number of cycles per day to 5-6 times, monitoring the conductivity value of the biogas slurry nutrient solution, and replacing the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tank when the conductivity value is less than 0.5.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method opens up a new way for utilizing the biogas slurry, solves the problem that the biogas slurry is huge in quantity and cannot be consumed, can replace conventional nutrient solution with nutrient components of the biogas slurry in a pig farm, and can save the soilless culture cost. The method is suitable for large pig farms with biogas projects, and when sufficient land is not available at the periphery to consume biogas slurry, or when the biogas slurry is unavailable in slack seasons in winter, a sedum aizoon greenhouse is built near the pig farm to recycle the biogas slurry. An industrial chain of pig-marsh-cabbage deep processing products is formed, so that a pig raising enterprise expands a profit channel, the environment protection problem of the raising enterprise is solved, facility agricultural production is carried out, and income is created for the enterprise; the method saves water and farming space, relieves the contradiction of land shortage, and is suitable for vegetable production with high economic value in areas where the ground surface is not suitable for farming, such as deserts, islands, saline-alkali lands and areas with extreme temperature. The rooting liquid has good rooting effect, the culture device has simple structure and low cost, after the aizoon stonecrop herb is transplanted and planted at one time, creeping roots of the aizoon stonecrop herb can be freely tillered on the surface of the reticular filaments to grow more numerous roots, the yield of the aizoon stonecrop herb can be improved, plant residues can be easily subtracted from the net after the planting is finished, and the filament net can be continuously reused. The cost is saved. And overflow ports with different heights are arranged at the water outlet end so as to adjust the page height of the nutrient solution in the culture tank. The root system can absorb the nutrient solution, but the nutrient solution is not completely in the root system, so that the oxygen deficiency and the root damage are caused.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a hydroponic rack for Sedum aizoon of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the hydroponic bracketplant culture tank of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a hydroponic rack for Sedum aizoon of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of one end of the aizoon stonecrop hydroponic frame of the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. a culture tank; 3. a first fine wire mesh; 3. a second fine wire mesh; 4. overflow port
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
A cutting culture method of hydroponic aizoon stonecrop comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a gynura segetum cutting shoot, and carrying out rooting treatment on the gynura segetum cutting shoot by using a rooting solution based on diluted biogas slurry to obtain a gynura segetum seedling;
and 2, placing the seedlings of the Chinese cabbage on a Chinese cabbage water culture frame, and culturing the seedlings of the Chinese cabbage by utilizing the biogas liquid nutrient solution.
As an embodiment, the preparation method of the rooting solution comprises the following steps: diluting the biogas slurry with clear water, and adding sulfamethoxazole, wherein the content of ammonia and nitrogen in the rooting solution is 20-50mg/L, the conductivity is 0.30-0.60ms/cm, and the content of sulfamethoxazole is 0.1-0.3 g/L.
In one embodiment, the sedum aizoon hydroponic culture shelf comprises a culture tank 1, wherein a first fine wire net 3 and a second fine wire net 3 are laid on the upper surface of the culture tank 1, the meshes of the first fine wire net 3 and the second fine wire net 3 are staggered, and overflow ports 4 with different heights are arranged at the water outlet end of the culture tank 1.
As an embodiment, the preparation method of the biogas slurry nutrient solution comprises the following steps: diluting the biogas slurry with clear water, and adding calcium superphosphate, chelated iron, tetrahydrate manganese sulfate, boric acid and monopotassium phosphate, wherein the content of ammonia and nitrogen in the biogas slurry nutrient solution is 40-60mg/L, the conductivity is 0.5-0.65ms/cm, the content of calcium superphosphate is 460mg/L, the content of chelated iron is 24mg/L, the content of tetrahydrate manganese sulfate is 2mg/L, the content of boric acid is 3mg/L, and the content of monopotassium phosphate is 450 mg/L.
In one embodiment, the incubation temperature in step 2 is between 20 and 27 ℃.
During the culture period, the biogas slurry nutrient solution is filled into the liquid storage tank, the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tank 1 and the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank are circulated by using a pump, and the daily circulation time and the daily circulation interval are as follows: circulating twice every day for 15-25min every day in the first 10-30 days of culture, adding biogas slurry into the culture tank 1 every two circumferential directions, adjusting the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tank 1 to be within 0.5-0.65, starting a pump for circulating four times every day in the 31-50 th day, circulating 20-30min every day, completely replacing the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tank 1 every other week, and adjusting the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution to be within 0.5-0.70.
In the step 2, during the culture period, when the stem of the aizoon stonecrop grows to 15-20cm, harvesting a tender stem of 10-15cm at the upper end of the aizoon stonecrop, adding biogas slurry into the culture tank 1 after harvesting one crop, adjusting the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution to be 0.6-0.8, increasing the number of cycles per day to 5-6 times, monitoring the conductivity value of the biogas slurry nutrient solution, and replacing the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tank 1 when the conductivity value is less than 0.5.
1. Root growth effect experiment of aizoon stonecrop herb
1) The proportion of the rooting nutrient solution in the patent (CN201810235419.3) according to the prior art is as follows:
the mass of the components (g/L): 30-60% of sucrose; 0.1-0.3 parts of sulfamethoxazole; 0.1-0.3 parts of trimethoprim; 0.5-0.8% of vitamin; 0.5-0.8 of 6-benzylamino adenine; 0.02-0.04 of naphthylacetic acid; 0.03-0.07 part of indolylbutyrate potassium, preparing a rooting solution as a control group, and preparing the rooting solution according to the method of the invention as an experimental group;
2) the experiment was carried out using the picked top young stems (5-8cm, length and leaf length approximately) with the lowest leaves removed and the upper leaves retained as experimental material. Three parallel experiments were performed per group, with 10-20 top caulicles being used in each experiment.
3) Soaking the lower ends of the two groups of aizoon stonecrop cutting branches in nutrient solutions of an experimental group and a control group;
4) and observing the rooting time and the number of roots, and carefully recording. The experimental time is 5-10 d.
5) Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse within 20-26 ℃ during rooting, and keeping ventilation.
The experimental results are as follows:
the rooting time was 2.5 days in average for the experimental group and 3.5 days for the control group. At 10d, the number of roots was increased, and the experimental group (average 3.5 roots) was larger than the control group (average number of 2.5 roots).
2. The special hydroponic frame device design of aizoon stonecrop herb:
the cross section of the culture tank can be in various shapes including square, round or trapezoid, and as shown in fig. 1-4, the culture tank of the embodiment is in a semi-cylindrical shape, the diameter of the culture tank is 10-20cm, double-layer thin-thread fishing nets are used on the upper surface of the culture tank, the culture tank is staggered and laid on a split semi-circular pipe, and the staggered thin-thread PV or nylon thin threads of the fishing nets can conveniently clamp the root of the aizoon stonecrop, so that the culture tank is convenient to install.
The device of the invention has simple manufacture and low material price, and after the aizoon stonecrop herb is transplanted and planted at one time, the creeping roots can be freely tillered to grow more numerous roots on the surface of the reticular filaments, thus improving the yield of the aizoon stonecrop herb.
After planting, the plant residues are easy to be subtracted from the net, and the filament net can be continuously reused, so that the cost is saved.
Overflow ports with different heights are arranged at the water outlet end so as to adjust the page height of the nutrient solution in the culture tank. The root system can absorb the nutrient solution, but the nutrient solution is not completely in the root system, so that the oxygen deficiency and the root damage are caused.
3. Comparison of cultivation effects of Sedum aizoon
The cultivation experiment of the nutrient solution formula water culture frame special for the water culture of the sedum aizoon comprises the following specific steps:
1) the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled within the range of 20-27 ℃, and the optimal temperature is about 25 ℃. Attention is paid to ventilation. Inserting the rooted aizoon stonecrop stems or aizoon stonecrop seedlings with roots into the filiform net on the surface of the device, and adjusting the height of the root system. And the water outlet port is selected according to the height of the root system to adjust the height of the nutrient solution in the water pipeline.
2) And opening the pump, and pumping the prepared nutrient solution into the culture tank. The daily cycle time and interval were:
3) the first 10-30 days, the circulation is twice per day, and each circulation is 15-25 min. Adding the biogas slurry every two weeks, and adjusting the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution to be within the range of 0.5-0.65. And 31-50d, starting the pump to circulate for four times every day after the growth period is vigorous, wherein each circulation time is 20-30 min. The nutrient solution is completely replaced every other week, and the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution is adjusted to be within the range of 0.5-0.70.
4) And (6) harvesting. When stem of Sedum aizoon grows to 15-20cm, tender stem with upper end of 10-15cm is removed with scissors, and the obtained product is used as vegetable. Or making into heart nourishing tea, heart nourishing sauerkraut, etc. After harvesting one crop, immediately adding biogas slurry, adjusting the conductivity to be between 0.6 and 0.8, increasing the number of cycles per day to 5 to 6 times, observing the conductivity value, and immediately replacing the nutrient solution when the conductivity value is less than 0.5. Thus, the aizoon stonecrop herb can continue to grow more lateral roots, and the cut part can continue to grow.
5) And (3) pest control: because the surface of the aizoon stonecrop has wax, the plant diseases and insects are not easy to occur or are light under normal conditions, and the water culture does not contact with soil, so that the plant diseases and insect pests are less, and the prevention and the treatment are not needed. The soil root seedlings and the cuttage seedlings of the aizoon stonecrop can grow continuously and are picked for 2 to 3 years. The net can be detached at the time, and the seedlings on the net are cut off by using a tool. And then carrying out the next round of water culture planting.
Taking a certain biogas slurry, diluting the biogas slurry until the ammonia nitrogen is 40-60mg/L and the conductivity is within the range of 0.5-0.65. 460mg of calcium superphosphate, 24mg of chelated iron (EDTA-NaFe), 2.0mg of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 3.0 mg of boric acid and 450mg/L of monopotassium phosphate are added into 1L of biogas slurry to prepare the nutrient solution special for water culture of the sedum aizoon. The biogas slurry water culture frame designed in 2.2 and the nutrient solution special for the water culture of the aizoon stonecrop are adopted as the water culture solution, the water culture experiment is carried out according to 2.3 steps, and the result is recorded as Tyxc. Meanwhile, the sedum aizoon is planted in soil in a pot for a control experiment, each group is divided into two groups, the initial weight of the sedum aizoon seedlings is 0.85kg, the growth time is 50 days, and the nutrient solution is replaced for 1 time in the middle. The two groups of aizoon stonecrop herb are not harvested in the growth process, and the fresh weight, the water content and the vitamin C content in leaves of the two groups of aizoon stonecrop herb are measured after the experiment is finished.
The two groups of aizoon stonecrop herb have good growth vigor, and the measured data are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of the growth and nutritional indicators of Sedum aizoon in each treatment group
The experimental results show that: when the formula and the water culture machine are used for planting, the average fresh weight and the vitamin C content of the aizoon stonecrop are larger than those of the traditional soil culture aizoon stonecrop, but the water content of leaves is a bit higher than that of the soil culture aizoon stonecrop. In addition, the average root length of the former is observed to be slightly larger than that of the soil planted aizoon stonecrop.
And (4) conclusion: the method can replace soil-planted aizoon stonecrop herb, and has higher yield and better vitamin C content.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A cutting culture method of hydroponic aizoon stonecrop is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a gynura segetum cutting shoot, and carrying out rooting treatment on the gynura segetum cutting shoot by using a rooting solution based on diluted biogas slurry to obtain a gynura segetum seedling;
and 2, placing the seedlings of the Chinese cabbage into a culture tank (1) on a Chinese cabbage water culture frame, and culturing the seedlings of the Chinese cabbage by utilizing the biogas slurry nutrient solution.
2. The cuttage culture method for hydroponic aizoon stonecrop as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the rooting solution is: diluting the biogas slurry with clear water, and adding sulfamethoxazole, wherein the content of ammonia and nitrogen in the rooting solution is 20-50mg/L, the conductivity is 0.30-0.60ms/cm, and the content of sulfamethoxazole is 0.1-0.3 g/L.
3. The cuttage cultivation method for hydroponic aizoon stonecrop as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first fine wire net (3) and the second fine wire net (3) are laid on the upper surface of the cultivation tank (1), the meshes of the first fine wire net (3) and the second fine wire net (3) are staggered, and the water outlet end of the cultivation tank (1) is provided with overflow ports (4) with different heights.
4. The cuttage culture method for hydroponic aizoon stonecrop as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the biogas slurry nutrient solution is as follows: diluting the biogas slurry with clear water, and adding calcium superphosphate, chelated iron, tetrahydrate manganese sulfate, boric acid and monopotassium phosphate, wherein the content of ammonia and nitrogen in the biogas slurry nutrient solution is 40-60mg/L, the conductivity is 0.5-0.65ms/cm, the content of calcium superphosphate is 460mg/L, the content of chelated iron is 24mg/L, the content of tetrahydrate manganese sulfate is 2mg/L, the content of boric acid is 3mg/L, and the content of monopotassium phosphate is 450 mg/L.
5. The cuttage culture method for the hydroponic sedum aizoon according to the claim 1, characterized in that the culture temperature in the step 2 is between 20-27 ℃.
6. The cuttage cultivation method for hydroponic aizoon stonecrop as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, during the cultivation period, the biogas slurry nutrient solution is filled into the liquid storage tank, the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the cultivation tank (1) and the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank are circulated by a pump, and the circulation time and the circulation interval are as follows: circulating twice every day for 15-25min every day in the first 10-30 days of culture, adding biogas slurry into the culture tank (1) every two circumferential directions, adjusting the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tank (1) to be within 0.5-0.65, starting a pump for circulating four times every day for 20-30min every 31-50 days, completely replacing the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tank (1) every other week, and adjusting the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution to be within 0.5-0.70.
7. The cuttage culture method for the hydroponic sedum aizoon as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when the sedum aizoon stem grows to 15-20cm during culture, a tender stem 10-15cm away from the upper end of the sedum aizoon is harvested, after one crop is harvested, biogas slurry is added into the culture tank (1), the conductivity of the biogas slurry nutrient solution is adjusted to be 0.6-0.8, the number of cycles per day is increased to 5-6 times, the conductivity value of the biogas slurry nutrient solution is monitored, and when the conductivity value is smaller than 0.5, the biogas slurry nutrient solution in the culture tank (1) is replaced.
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| CN114731942A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-12 | 西南环保科技(成都)有限责任公司 | Device and method for dissolving biogas slurry by using WangMatongcao |
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