CN110808767A - Hybrid beam forming design scheme in millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system - Google Patents

Hybrid beam forming design scheme in millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system Download PDF

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CN110808767A
CN110808767A CN201910973369.3A CN201910973369A CN110808767A CN 110808767 A CN110808767 A CN 110808767A CN 201910973369 A CN201910973369 A CN 201910973369A CN 110808767 A CN110808767 A CN 110808767A
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relay
user
hybrid
beam forming
millimeter wave
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陈远知
张扬
杜建和
罗欣
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Communication University of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H04B7/024—Co-operative use of antennas of several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H04B7/026—Co-operative diversity, e.g. using fixed or mobile stations as relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H04B7/0434—Power distribution using multiple eigenmodes
    • H04B7/0443—Power distribution using multiple eigenmodes utilizing "waterfilling" technique
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems

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Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid beam forming design scheme in a millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system. The method mainly solves the problems of low frequency spectrum efficiency and low communication quality aiming at a decoding and forwarding millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system. The method comprises the following implementation steps: 1) establishing a millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system model with a mixed structure and a full-connection structure; 2) the communication process is divided into two stages of transmitting signals to a relay by a signal source, and decoding and forwarding the signals to a user by the relay; 3) the original non-convex hybrid beam forming design problem is planned into two convex sub-problems; 4) designing mixed beam forming from a signal source to a relay decoding end; 5) relaying relays the hybrid beamforming design from the origin to the user. The hybrid beam forming design scheme provided by the invention is a pure digital domain design scheme with the rate very close to the optimal rate in hybrid and full-connection structure relays, and a proper relay structure and the number of users served by the relay structure can be selected according to different scene requirements in practical application.

Description

Hybrid beam forming design scheme in millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a hybrid beam forming design scheme in a millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system.
Background
Millimeter wave communication is a promising technology in future cellular networks, can be applied to the communication fields of radar, satellite communication, WLAN, WPAN and the like, and has attracted wide attention in academic and industrial fields. Due to the short millimeter wave wavelength, a large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can be adopted to obtain high antenna gain and compensate propagation loss.
When the communication distance is long or the environment is complex, the relay node can be used between the information source and the information sink to assist the signal propagation of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system, so that the coverage range of the transmission signal can be enlarged, and simultaneously, the channels between the communication nodes in the system can be ensured to be in line of sight, thereby reducing the influence of propagation path loss and intermittent obstruction. Compared with the amplifying forwarding relay, the decoding forwarding relay can better overcome the influence of noise accumulation by regenerating data, and therefore, the decoding forwarding relay is more suitable for a future wireless communication system.
Due to the problems of high power consumption and high production cost of the existing millimeter wave technology, the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO framework cannot realize pure digitization. Therefore, a digital/analog hybrid beamforming architecture is typically used in system design, and the same performance can be achieved with fewer RF chains than the digital beamforming architecture. Hybrid beamforming designs typically use two classic architectures, full-link and partial-link, which differ in that, with the same number of antennas and rf chains, the partial-link architecture uses fewer phase shifters than the full-link architecture, which reduces power consumption, and also has simpler wiring, but the full-link architecture has slightly better performance than the partial-link architecture.
To our knowledge, no relevant research work is currently carried out on a hybrid beam forming design scheme in a decoding and forwarding millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system. The invention provides an effective hybrid beam forming design scheme, fills the theoretical blank of a millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system on a hybrid structure, and is also suitable for a full-connection structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a hybrid beam forming design scheme in a millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system by combining the prior art, and can obtain good rate performance in a hybrid structure and full connection structure relay system.
The technical scheme is as follows: the design scheme of the hybrid beam forming in the millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system comprises the following steps:
establishing a millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system model with a mixed structure and a full-connection structure;
the communication process is divided into two stages of transmitting signals to a relay by a signal source, and decoding and forwarding the signals to a user by the relay;
the original non-convex hybrid beam forming design problem is planned into two convex sub-problems;
designing mixed beam forming from a signal source to a relay decoding end;
relaying relays the hybrid beamforming design from the origin to the user.
Further, establishing a millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system model with a hybrid structure and a full-connection structure specifically includes:
assuming that all nodes in the relay system work in a half-duplex mode, and no direct communication link exists between an information source and a user, information exchange must be carried out through a relay, and an antenna array is a uniform linear array;
the source and relay receiving decoding parts adopt a full connection structure, wherein the source is configured with MSA bar radio frequency link and NSRoot antenna, relay reception decoding section configuration MRA bar radio frequency link and NRThe relay back end forwarding part of the root antenna and the mixed structure system is a partial connection structure and serves K users with the partial connection structure. The total number of antennas of the relay forwarding part isTotal number of antennas per user isThe relay back end forwarding and user receiving part of the full-connection structure system is a full-connection structure, the number of radio frequency links and the number of antennas are the same as those of relays of a mixed structure, and in order to obtain higher antenna gain and simultaneously reduce the complexity of system hardware, the number of radio frequency links of an information source, a relay and a user respectively meets MS＜＜NS，MR＜＜NRAnd MDk≤NDk. H and GkThe channels from the source to the relay and from the relay to the kth user respectively follow a narrow-band millimeter wave channel model, and the method mainly analyzes the relay system with the mixed structure.
Further, the communication process is divided into two stages of transmitting a signal to a relay by a source, decoding and forwarding the signal to a user by the relay, and the two stages comprise:
data stream of K users transmitted from source to relayFirst passing through a diagonal power distribution matrixThen sequentially performing digital beam formingAnd analog beamforming
Figure BDA0002232836080000026
And sending the signals to a relay, wherein the received signals of the relay end are as follows:
Figure BDA0002232836080000027
yRthrough simulation merging
Figure BDA0002232836080000028
And merging of numbers
Figure BDA0002232836080000029
Obtaining the original signalAnd (3) demodulating a signal:
Figure BDA00022328360800000210
at the transmitting end of the relay,
Figure BDA00022328360800000211
the power distribution matrix also passes through a diagonal first
Figure BDA00022328360800000212
Then sequentially performing digital beam forming
Figure BDA0002232836080000031
And analog beamformingAnd sending the signal to the kth user, wherein the received signal is as follows:
Figure BDA0002232836080000034
through simulation merging
Figure BDA0002232836080000035
And merging of numbers
Figure BDA0002232836080000036
Obtaining a useful signal of a k user:
Figure BDA0002232836080000037
further, the original non-convex hybrid beamforming design problem is formulated as two convex sub-problems, including:
f due to the special structure of the partial connections, i.e. each radio link is connected to a certain number of antennasR2And FDTool for doing thingsWith a matrix of block diagonal configuration, F, due to the phase shiftersR2And FDThe non-zero elements in (1) need to satisfy the equal amplitude constraint condition. Define the baseband channel of the k-th user as
Figure BDA0002232836080000038
Signal-to-noise ratio from relay sending end to user receiving end
Figure BDA0002232836080000039
Then
Figure BDA00022328360800000310
Kth of (1)iThe individual elements may be represented as:
Figure BDA00022328360800000311
wherein k isi＝(k-1)Ls+i，
Figure BDA00022328360800000312
Power is allocated accordingly. When transmitting gaussian signals, the sum rate of the relay transmitting end to the user receiving end can be expressed as:
Figure BDA00022328360800000313
wherein
Figure BDA00022328360800000314
Is composed of
Figure BDA00022328360800000315
The present invention performs hybrid beamforming design with the maximization sum rate as the target, so the original problem can be modeled as the following non-convex problem:
Figure BDA00022328360800000316
Figure BDA00022328360800000317
Figure BDA00022328360800000318
Figure BDA00022328360800000319
the overall system can be seen as being composed of two relatively independent structures, so that the overall sum rate of the system is the rate R for maximizing the source to relay1And rate R relayed to the user2The minimum value of the two is the minimum value,
R1＝log2(1+SINRSR)
Figure BDA0002232836080000041
wherein the SINRSRAnd SINRRDRespectively representing the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio from the signal source to the relay decoding end and from the relay sending end to the user, and because the signal source to the relay receiving end can be regarded as a point-to-point single-user MIMO system without interference among users, the sum rate R can be obtained1And R2By the signals s andmutual information of (a):
Figure BDA0002232836080000043
Figure BDA0002232836080000044
wherein
Figure BDA0002232836080000045
Then, the minimum mean square error of the analog beam forming matrix is calculated when the condition of constant amplitude limitation exists or not, so that the constant amplitude limitation is obtainedOptimal analog beamforming under conditions of
Figure BDA0002232836080000046
The design of the power distribution matrix adopts a classical water injection power distribution method and utilizes a baseband BD technology to eliminate the interference among multiple users, and in conclusion, the original non-convex hybrid beam forming design problem is planned to be two convex sub-problems.
Further, the hybrid beamforming design from the source to the relay decoder includes:
assuming that the source, the relay and the user all know the completely analog channel information and ignore the condition of equal amplitude limitation, the design scheme of hybrid beamforming from the source to the relay decoder is as follows:
step (1): initializing H;
step (2): computing
Figure BDA0002232836080000047
Wherein U is H ═ U ∑ VHObtaining;
and (3): computing
Figure BDA0002232836080000048
Wherein VcompByThe method comprises the steps of (1) obtaining,
and (4): obtaining equivalent baseband channels
Figure BDA00022328360800000411
And (5): computing
Figure BDA00022328360800000412
WhereinBy
Figure BDA00022328360800000414
Obtaining;
and (6): computingWhereinBy
Figure BDA00022328360800000417
The method comprises the steps of (1) obtaining,
Figure BDA0002232836080000051
and (7): ending the digital phase to obtain the overall equivalent channel
Figure BDA0002232836080000052
And (8): to HtotalPerforming water injection method power distribution to solve PS；
And (9): and (3) outputting: wR1,FR1,FS,WS,PS。
Further, the hybrid beamforming design for relaying a transmission end to a user includes:
variable FR2And FDThe same method can be adopted for solving, and the specific design scheme of the hybrid beam forming from the relay forwarding end to the user is as follows:
step (1): initialization: g, Pr，
Figure BDA0002232836080000053
JLOOP；
Step (2): randomly generating an initial matrix F satisfying constant amplitude constraints and diagonalized structuresR2；
And (3): for J is 1 to JLOOPdo
And (4): computing
And (5): for n ═ 1 to KMDKdo
And (6): computing
Figure BDA0002232836080000055
And (7): obtain matrix S and calculate v1The maximum right singular vector of the matrix S;
and (8): computing
Figure BDA0002232836080000056
And
and (9): end for
Step (10): obtaining a matrix FR2And calculate
Figure BDA0002232836080000058
Step (11): by the method of steps (5) to (9), the
Figure BDA0002232836080000059
Is replaced by GDThe number of cycles is MRCalculating to obtain FD；
Step (12): end for
Step (13): computing equivalent baseband channels
Figure BDA00022328360800000510
Step (14): using baseband BD technology
Figure BDA00022328360800000511
And WD＝blk[WD1,...,WDK]；
Step (15): obtaining an overall equivalent channel
Step (16): to HtotalPerforming water injection method power distribution to solve PR；
Step (17): and (3) outputting: wD,FD,FR2,WR2,PR。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a hybrid beamforming design of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a hybrid-structured millimeter-wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system model according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a full-connected millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system model according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of the sum rate comparison of the hybrid beamforming design of the present invention with other algorithms;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing summation rates for different user numbers K for the hybrid beamforming design of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph comparing relay power efficiency for a hybrid configuration and a fully connected configuration of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings in order to make the features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a mixed-structure millimeter-wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system model of the present invention, such as the mixed-structure relay system shown in FIG. 2, in which the signal source and the relay receiving and decoding part adopt a fully-connected structure, and the signal source is configured with MSA bar radio frequency link and NSRoot antenna, relay reception decoding section configuration MRA bar radio frequency link and NRThe root antenna and the relay back-end forwarding part are part of a connection structure and are configured with MRThe radio frequency links are each connected to
Figure BDA0002232836080000061
A root antenna serving K users of the partial connection structure, each user configuring MDkA radio frequency link and supports LsA strip data stream, each radio frequency link being connected toThe total number of antennas of the root antenna and the relay forwarding part is
Figure BDA0002232836080000063
Total number of antennas per user is
Figure BDA0002232836080000064
FIG. 3 is a model diagram of a millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system with a fully-connected structure according to the present invention, in which, as shown in FIG. 3, the relay system with a fully-connected structure has a fully-connected structure for all of the signal source, the relay and the user, and the signal source is configured with MSA bar radio frequency link and NSThe root antenna, the relay receiving decoding and the back-end forwarding part are all configured with MRA bar radio frequency link and NRA root antenna serving K users, each user being configured with MDkA bar radio frequency link and NDkA root antenna.
Example of implementation
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a graph illustrating a sum rate comparison of the hybrid beamforming design of the present invention with other algorithms. Fig. 4 shows that 1) the sum rate of the full-connection structure relay system adopting the hybrid beamforming design scheme provided by the present invention is very close to the sum rate of the optimal pure digital domain design scheme, so the hybrid beamforming design is an ideal scheme for the decoding and forwarding millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system with the full-connection structure. 2) The hybrid structure relay system integrates a full connection structure and a partial connection structure, is relatively simple to realize, has system and rate performance which are less than 3dB different from the full connection structure, and is superior to the full connection structure relay system based on an MP algorithm, so that the decoding and forwarding millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system with the hybrid structure can be considered in practical application.
Example two
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a graph illustrating the comparison of summation rates of the hybrid beamforming design according to the present invention at different users K. As can be seen from the figure, when the number of users K is 2 and K is 3, the difference between the system sum rate of the hybrid structure and the fully-connected structure is small, and both are very close to the sum rate of the optimal pure digital domain. And when the number of users increases to K-5, the gap between the system and the rate of the hybrid architecture and the fully connected architecture increases, greater than 3 dB. Therefore, the hybrid beam forming design scheme provided by the invention has the best performance when the number K of users is less than or equal to 4.
Example III
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a comparative graph of relay power efficiency of the hybrid structure and the fully connected structure according to the present invention. The system parameters are: pBB＝10W，PRF＝100mW，PLNA＝PPA＝100mW，PPS＝10mW，PDAC＝110mW，PADC200 mW. Fig. 6 shows that as the number of relay radio frequencies increases, the power efficiency of the hybrid structure and the fully connected structure relays decreases sharply, but the power efficiency of the hybrid structure relays decreases relatively slowly, so that the hybrid structure relay system provided by the invention is smaller than the fully connected structure relay system in terms of power consumption and overall power efficiency.
In summary, the present invention provides a segmented continuous estimation method using the amount of information that is not lost in the analog and digital beamforming stages as much as possible as a design criterion for decoding and forwarding millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay systems, aiming at maximizing the overall system and rate, and for relay systems with hybrid structures and full-link structures, and performs beamforming design on the system by combining a block diagonal technique and a water injection power allocation method, with reference to the idea of continuous interference cancellation. The sum rate of the hybrid beam forming design scheme in the hybrid structure and full connection structure relay system is very close to the optimal pure digital domain design scheme, and in practical application, a proper relay structure and the number of served users can be selected according to different scene requirements.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the present invention and its main idea. The content of the present specification should not be limited to the scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A hybrid beam forming design scheme in a millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a millimeter wave large-scale multi-user MIMO relay system model with a mixed structure and a full-connection structure;
the communication process is divided into two stages of transmitting signals to a relay by a signal source, and decoding and forwarding the signals to a user by the relay;
the original non-convex hybrid beam forming design problem is planned into two convex sub-problems;
designing mixed beam forming from a signal source to a relay decoding end;
relaying relays the hybrid beamforming design from the origin to the user.
2. The design scheme for hybrid beamforming in the millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system according to claim 1, wherein the establishment of the model for the millimeter wave massive multi-user MIMO relay system with a hybrid structure and a full-connection structure specifically comprises:
assuming that all nodes in the relay system work in a half-duplex mode, no direct communication link exists between a signal source and a user, information exchange must be carried out through a relay, an antenna array is a uniform linear array, the signal source and a relay receiving and decoding part both adopt a full-connection structure, wherein the signal source is configured with MSA bar radio frequency link and NSRoot antenna, relay reception decoding section configuration MRA bar radio frequency link and NRThe relay back end forwarding part of the mixed structure system is a partial connection structure and serves K users with the partial connection structure, and the total number of the antennas of the relay forwarding part is
Figure FDA0002232836070000011
Total number of antennas per user is
Figure FDA0002232836070000012
The relay back end forwarding and user receiving part of the full-connection structure system is a full-connection structure, the number of radio frequency links and the number of antennas are the same as that of relays of a mixed structure, and in order to obtain higher antenna gain and reduce system hardware at the same timeThe complexity of the system and the number of radio frequency links of the information source, the relay and the user respectively satisfy MS＜＜NS，MR＜＜NRAnd MDk≤NDkH and GkThe channels from the source to the relay and from the relay to the kth user respectively follow a narrow-band millimeter wave channel model, and the method mainly analyzes the relay system with the mixed structure.
3. The design scheme of hybrid beamforming in mmwave multi-antenna relay system according to claim 2, wherein the communication process is divided into two stages, i.e. source transmission signal to relay, and relay decoding and forwarding signal to user, including:
data stream of K users transmitted from source to relay
Figure FDA0002232836070000013
First passing through a diagonal power distribution matrix
Figure FDA0002232836070000014
Then sequentially performing digital beam forming
Figure FDA0002232836070000015
And analog beamforming
Figure FDA0002232836070000016
And sending the signals to a relay, wherein the received signals of the relay end are as follows:
yRthrough simulation merging
Figure FDA0002232836070000018
And merging of numbersObtaining a demodulated signal of the original signal as
Figure FDA00022328360700000110
At the transmitting end of the relay,
Figure FDA00022328360700000111
the power distribution matrix also passes through a diagonal first
Figure FDA00022328360700000112
Then sequentially performing digital beam forming
Figure FDA00022328360700000113
And analog beamforming
Figure FDA00022328360700000114
And sending the signal to the kth user, wherein the received signal is as follows:
Figure FDA0002232836070000021
Figure FDA0002232836070000022
through simulation merging
Figure FDA0002232836070000023
And merging of numbers
Figure FDA0002232836070000024
Obtaining useful signals of k-th user
Figure FDA0002232836070000025
4. The design solution for hybrid beamforming in millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system according to claim 3, wherein the planning of the original non-convex hybrid beamforming design problem into two convex sub-problems comprises:
f due to the special structure of the partial connections, i.e. each radio link is connected to a certain number of antennasR2And FDNeeds to be a matrix with a block diagonal structure, F, due to the phase shiftersR2And FDThe non-zero element in (1) needs to satisfy the equal amplitude limiting condition, and the baseband channel of the kth user is defined as
Figure FDA0002232836070000026
Signal-to-noise ratio from relay sending end to user receiving end
Figure FDA0002232836070000027
ThenKth of (1)iAn element can be represented as
Figure FDA0002232836070000029
Wherein k isi＝(k-1)Ls+i，
Figure FDA00022328360700000210
For the corresponding power allocation, when transmitting Gaussian signal, the sum rate of the relay transmitting end to the user receiving end can be expressed as
Figure FDA00022328360700000211
Wherein
Figure FDA00022328360700000212
Is composed of
Figure FDA00022328360700000213
The present invention performs hybrid beamforming design with the maximization sum rate as the target, so the original problem can be modeled as the following non-convex problem:
Figure FDA00022328360700000214
Figure FDA00022328360700000215
Figure FDA00022328360700000216
Figure FDA00022328360700000217
the overall system can be seen as being composed of two relatively independent structures, so that the overall sum rate of the system is the rate R for maximizing the source to relay1And rate R relayed to the user2The minimum value of the two is the minimum value,
R1＝log2(1+SINRSR)
Figure FDA0002232836070000031
wherein the SINRSRAnd SINRRDRespectively representing the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio from the signal source to the relay decoding end and from the relay sending end to the user, and because the signal source to the relay receiving end can be regarded as a point-to-point single-user MIMO system without interference among users, the sum rate R can be obtained1And R2By the signals s and
Figure FDA0002232836070000032
mutual information of (a):
Figure FDA0002232836070000033
Figure FDA0002232836070000034
wherein
Figure FDA0002232836070000035
And then the minimum mean square error of the analog beam forming matrix is calculated when the condition of equal amplitude limitation exists or does not exist, so that the optimal analog beam forming under the condition of equal amplitude limitation is obtained
Figure FDA0002232836070000036
The design of the power distribution matrix adopts a classical water injection power distribution method and utilizes a baseband BD technology to eliminate the interference among multiple users, and in conclusion, the original non-convex hybrid beam forming design problem is planned to be two convex sub-problems.
5. The design scheme of hybrid beamforming in millimeter wave multi-antenna relay system according to claim 4, wherein the design of hybrid beamforming from source to relay decoder includes:
assuming that the source, the relay and the user all know the completely analog channel information and ignore the condition of equal amplitude limitation, the design scheme of hybrid beamforming from the source to the relay decoder is as follows:
step (1): initialization: h;
step (2): computingWherein U is H ═ U ∑ VHObtaining;
and (3): computing
Figure FDA0002232836070000038
Wherein VcompByThe method comprises the steps of (1) obtaining,
Figure FDA00022328360700000310
and (4): obtaining equivalent baseband informationRoad
Figure FDA00022328360700000311
And (5): computing
Figure FDA00022328360700000312
Wherein
Figure FDA00022328360700000313
By
Figure FDA00022328360700000314
Obtaining;
and (6): computing
Figure FDA00022328360700000315
Wherein
Figure FDA00022328360700000316
By
Figure FDA00022328360700000317
The method comprises the steps of (1) obtaining,
Figure FDA00022328360700000318
and (7): ending the digital phase to obtain the overall equivalent channel
Figure FDA00022328360700000319
And (8): to HtotalPerforming water injection method power distribution to solve PS；
And (9): and (3) outputting: wR1,FR1,FS,WS,PS。
6. The design scheme of hybrid beamforming in mmwave multi-antenna relay system according to claim 5, wherein the design of hybrid beamforming from relay to user comprises:
variable FR2And FDThe same method can be adopted for solving, and the specific design scheme of the hybrid beam forming from the relay forwarding end to the user is as follows:
step (1): initialization: g, Pr，JLOOP；
Step (2): randomly generating an initial matrix F satisfying constant amplitude constraints and diagonalized structuresR2；
And (3): for J is 1 to JLOOPdo
And (4): computing
Figure FDA0002232836070000042
And (5): for n ═ 1 to KMDKdo
And (6): computing
Figure FDA0002232836070000043
And (7): obtain matrix S and calculate v1The maximum right singular vector of the matrix S;
and (8): computing
Figure FDA0002232836070000044
And
Figure FDA0002232836070000045
and (9): end for
Step (10): obtaining a matrix FR2And calculate
Figure FDA0002232836070000046
Step (11): by the method of steps (5) to (9), the
Figure FDA0002232836070000047
Is replaced by GDThe number of cycles is MRCalculating to obtain FD；
Step (12): end for
Step (13): computing equivalent baseband channels
Step (14): using baseband BD technology
Figure FDA0002232836070000049
And
Figure FDA00022328360700000410
step (15): obtaining an overall equivalent channel
Figure FDA00022328360700000411
Step (16): to HtotalPerforming water injection method power distribution to solve PR；
Step (17): and (3) outputting: wD,FD,FR2,WR2,PR。
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