CN110805633B - Friction-resistant brake block of high-speed train and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Friction-resistant brake block of high-speed train and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110805633B
CN110805633B CN201911035967.2A CN201911035967A CN110805633B CN 110805633 B CN110805633 B CN 110805633B CN 201911035967 A CN201911035967 A CN 201911035967A CN 110805633 B CN110805633 B CN 110805633B
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heat conductor
prism
ball
resistant
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CN110805633A (en
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田宇
鲍洪阳
刘殿卫
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CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
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CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
    • B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/18—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by using pressure rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F16D2200/0008—Ferro
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/006—Materials; Production methods therefor containing fibres or particles
    • F16D2200/0073—Materials; Production methods therefor containing fibres or particles having lubricating properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/0023—Shaping by pressure

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

A friction-resistant brake pad of a high-speed train and a preparation method thereof belong to the field of high-temperature wear-resistant brake pad devices of trains and preparation methods thereof. The brake pad of the high-speed train has excellent wear resistance and heat conduction performance, after the wear-resistant body crystal block array layer and the substrate lubricating heat conductor are sintered, an inhomogeneous composite new material with special stress and heat conduction structure is formed, different functional phases are separated and combined, the service life of the brake material is prolonged through the wear-resistant phase, the heat conduction performance is improved through the heat conduction phase, mutual independence and mutual supplement of the structure and the function are realized, and the brake pad can become a feasible way for improving the use performance of the high-speed train brake material.

Description

Friction-resistant brake block of high-speed train and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-temperature wear-resistant brake pad devices of trains and preparation methods thereof, and particularly relates to a high-speed train friction-resistant brake pad and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the braking process of a high-speed train, kinetic energy in high-speed operation can be converted into a large amount of friction heat between the wheel disc and the brake pad, so that the brake pad generates high temperature, the structural strength or the heat dissipation efficiency of the brake pad is insufficient, and the brake pad can crack or even lose efficacy, thereby influencing the driving safety.
The brake pad of the existing high-speed train is generally divided into three layers, a copper base of the innermost layer of the brake pad is used as a heat dissipation disc, a hard alloy wear-resistant layer with uniform density is arranged on the outermost layer of the brake pad, the wear-resistant layers of the bases are connected through a graphite layer with good heat conductivity, and ceramic particles are uniformly distributed in an iron material.
However, although the existing wear-resistant layer can basically meet the hardness requirement of the brake pad, the uniform ceramic particle density distribution structure in the wear-resistant layer weakens the heat conduction rate of the wear-resistant layer, the friction heat cannot be rapidly conducted to the graphite layer and the copper base, and the connection strength between the wear-resistant layer and the graphite layer is relatively weak, which is a weak link in the overall structure of the brake pad.
Therefore, the structural design of the brake pad has very important significance for guaranteeing the structural strength and the heat resistance of the brake pad, prolonging the service life of the brake pad and ensuring the braking reliability and safety of the high-speed rail.
On the other hand, the pellet-shaped raw materials are loaded in a plurality of hoppers, and the pellet raw materials can be arranged into an array or a pattern according to a given geometric line layout by controlling the discharge frequency of the hopper outlet and matching the moving position of the receiving tray mechanism in time sequence. The discharging time sequence control programming method of each hopper outlet on the array layout equipment and the receiving tray displacement control programming method matched with the discharging time sequence control programming method are known and mature automatic control technologies, and can be widely applied to the fields of chip manufacturing, food or capsule granular medicine production and the like.
In addition, the water-jet cutting technology of high-pressure jet liquid, the vacuum sintering technology and the powder hot-rolling forming technology are all known mature technologies and have wide industrial application.
Disclosure of Invention
The brake pad aims at solving the problems that in the three-layer structure of the brake pad of the existing high-speed train, the connection strength between the graphite layer positioned in the middle layer and the wear-resistant layer positioned on the outer layer is relatively weak, the brake pad is relatively easy to damage, and the service life is influenced; and the technical problems that the heat conduction rate of the wear-resistant layer is weakened and the friction heat of the wear-resistant layer cannot be quickly conducted to the graphite layer and the copper base by the aid of a uniform ceramic particle density distribution structure in the wear-resistant layer are solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the friction-resistant brake pad of the high-speed train comprises a base material lubricating heat conductor and a plurality of wear-resistant body crystal block array layers distributed in the base material lubricating heat conductor, wherein the wear-resistant body crystal block array layers are arranged in a laminated mode according to a distance value H, and each wear-resistant body crystal block array layer is formed by a plurality of hexagonal grinding ball blocks in a square array with the side length L;
the substrate lubrication heat conductor is formed by cutting a substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the substrate lubrication heat conductor are a heat conductor upper end surface s and a heat conductor lower end surface t which are parallel to each other, and an acute included angle formed by the wear-resistant body crystal block array layer and the heat conductor upper end surface s or the heat conductor lower end surface t is theta;
the hexagonal grinding ball block comprises six triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball body beads with centroids arranged according to a regular hexagonal pattern, and the radius of an external circle of the regular hexagonal pattern is R; the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead is an ellipsoid, the major axis of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead is a, one minor axis of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead is b, and the other minor axis of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead is c;
the long axes a of the six triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball beads in the same hexagonal grinding ball block are all parallel.
The long axes a of six triaxial ellipsoid grinding ball beads in the same hexagonal grinding ball block are all parallel to the x-axis direction of the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank, and the size parameters of the triaxial ellipsoid grinding ball beads meet the following formula:
Figure BDA0002251500490000021
the size parameters of the triaxial elliptical ball milling spherical beads meet the following conditions: the minor axis c is 4mm, the major axis a is 5mm, and the length of the major axis a is twice the length of the minor axis b.
The included angle theta is in a range of 7.5 degrees to 15 degrees; h ═ 4 c;
Figure BDA0002251500490000022
the material of the triaxial elliptical ball milling sphere beads is ferro-manganese alloy, and the ferro-manganese alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 96.13% iron, 1.43% manganese, 0.7% chromium, 0.62% silicon, 0.43% nickel, 0.39% molybdenum, 0.21% boron, 0.049% titanium, 0.025% phosphorus, and 0.016% sulfur; the base material lubricating heat conductor rectangular prism blank is made of copper-tin alloy, and the copper-tin alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 92.14% copper, 4.53% tin, 1.21% zinc, 0.97% nickel, 0.51% aluminum, 0.38% lead, and 0.26% phosphorus.
The preparation method of the high-speed train friction-resistant brake block comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing elementary substance particles of each component material of a copper-tin alloy required by a substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank according to the formula proportion of 92.14% by mass of copper, 4.53% by mass of tin, 1.21% by mass of zinc, 0.97% by mass of nickel, 0.51% by mass of aluminum, 0.38% by mass of lead and 0.26% by mass of phosphorus, and performing ball milling for 1.5 hours by using a ball mill with the speed of 300 revolutions per minute to prepare raw material powder of the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank;
step two: the method for preparing the raw material powder of the triaxial elliptical ball-milled spherical beads specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 2.1: respectively preparing simple substance particles of each component material required by the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead according to a manganese-iron alloy formula proportion of 96.13% of iron, 1.43% of manganese, 0.7% of chromium, 0.62% of silicon, 0.43% of nickel, 0.39% of molybdenum, 0.21% of boron, 0.049% of titanium, 0.025% of phosphorus and 0.016% of sulfur in percentage by mass;
step 2.2: firstly, independently mixing titanium particles and boron simple substance particles in the triaxial elliptical ball-milled spherical bead component material in the step 2.1, and carrying out ball milling for 2 hours by using a 500-revolution/minute ball mill to prepare boron-titanium mixed powder;
step 2.3: mixing the boron-titanium mixed powder obtained in the step 2.2 with the rest components except the titanium particles and the boron simple substance particles in the step 2.1, and mechanically mixing the powder by a stirrer, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 100 revolutions per minute, and the mixing time is 1 hour, so that the raw material powder of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding sphere beads is prepared;
step three: the bead for manufacturing the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead in batch specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 3.1: preparing the raw material powder of the triaxial elliptical ball milled spherical bead obtained in the step 2.3 into triaxial elliptical ball milled spherical blank beads meeting size parameters by a powder hot rolling forming process; the rolling pressure is 25MPa-50 MPa;
step 3.2: sintering the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding sphere blank beads obtained in the step 3.1 in a vacuum sintering mode, wherein the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, the sintering time is 2 hours, the cooling mode is furnace cooling, and the cooling time is 8-12 hours, so that the beads of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding sphere beads are prepared;
step four: manufacturing a substrate lubricating heat conductor rectangular prism blank, which specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 4.1: flatly paving the raw material powder of the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank in the first layer step in a rectangular box mould with the height of H1, wherein the paving thickness value of the raw material powder is equal to 120% H;
step 4.2: taking the rectangular box body in the step 4.1 as a bearing tray for the beads of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding sphere, arranging a wear-resistant crystal block array layer on a raw material powder layer of the first layer of base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank in the step 4.1, wherein each hexagonal grinding sphere block in the wear-resistant crystal block array layer is completed by mature and well-known array arrangement equipment and an arrangement method thereof, and the distance between the circle centers of hexagonal external circles of every two horizontally or longitudinally adjacent hexagonal grinding sphere blocks is L;
step 4.3: repeating the steps from 4.1 to 4.2 on the basis of the raw material powder layer of the first layer of substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank and the first layer of wear-resistant body crystal block array layer which are completed in the step 4.2, thereby sequentially completing the laying process of the raw material powder layer of the second layer of substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank and the corresponding second layer of wear-resistant body crystal block array layer;
step 4.4: further sequentially finishing the laminating and laying of other base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blanks and wear-resistant body crystal block array layers according to the method completely the same as the step 4.3 until the rectangular box body mould in the step 4.1 is completely filled;
step 4.5: pressing the inner cavity of the rectangular box body mold in the step 4.4 to generate a substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank containing a plurality of wear-resistant body crystal block array layers, wherein the pressing pressure is 50MPa-80 MPa;
step 4.6: performing vacuum sintering molding on the rectangular prism blank of the substrate lubricating heat conductor obtained in the step 4.5, wherein the sintering temperature is 650 ℃, the sintering time is 2.5 hours, the cooling mode is furnace cooling, and the cooling time is 8-12 hours, so as to obtain the rectangular prism blank of the substrate lubricating heat conductor after sintering molding;
step five: cutting the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank sintered and formed in the step 4.6 at a given angle, and the method specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 5.1: establish the preceding terminal surface of the prismatic blank of substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangle after the sintering shaping and be preceding terminal surface C of blank prism, establish its up end, lower terminal surface and be prismatic up end A of blank and prismatic terminal surface D down of blank respectively to establish its left end face and right-hand member face and be prismatic left end G of blank and prismatic right-hand member face B of blank respectively, then:
the lower end surface D of the blank prism is coincided with a processing reference surface, and a top layer right-angled wedge M is cut from the upper part of the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank; the top layer right-angle wedge M takes a right angle formed by the intersection of the upper end surface A of the blank prism and the right end surface B of the blank prism as a right angle of the top layer right-angle wedge M, takes the upper end surface A of the complete blank prism as an end surface where a right-angle side line of the top layer right-angle wedge M is located, and takes a projection point of the intersection line of the left end surface G of the blank prism and the upper end surface A of the blank prism on the front end surface C of the blank prism as a starting point of an acute angle edge of the top layer right-angle; the included angle between the inclined plane of the top right-angled wedge M and the upper end surface A of the blank prism is theta; after the top right-angled wedge M is separated, a cutting surface corresponding to the top right-angled wedge M on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank becomes a first inclined surface E on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank; an acute included angle formed by the first inclined surface E and the lower end surface D of the blank prism is theta;
step 5.2: a first inclined plane E newly formed on the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank after the top layer right-angled wedge M is removed is superposed with a processing reference plane, so that the included angle between the lower end surface D of the blank prism and the processing reference plane is theta;
step 5.3: cutting a bottom rectangular wedge N from the upper part of the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank obtained in the step 5.2; the bottom layer right-angle wedge N takes a right angle formed by the intersection of the lower end face D of the blank prism and the left end face G of the blank prism as a self right angle, the bottom layer right-angle wedge N takes the complete lower end face D of the blank prism as an end face where a right-angle side line of the bottom layer right-angle wedge N is located, and takes a projection point of the intersection line of the right end face B of the blank prism and the lower end face D of the blank prism on the front end face C of the blank prism as a starting point of a sharp angle edge of the bottom layer right-angle wedge N; after the bottom layer right-angled wedge N is separated, a cutting surface corresponding to the bottom layer right-angled wedge N on the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank becomes a new upper end surface F on the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank; the new upper end face F is parallel to the first inclined plane E; simultaneously removing the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank after the top right-angle wedge M and the bottom right-angle wedge N are set as a blank to be cut for the lubrication heat conductor;
step six: and measuring the distance value H2 between the new upper end surface F and the first inclined surface E, and then uniformly cutting the blank to be cut of the lubricating heat conductor according to the measured distance value so as to divide the blank into the friction-resistant brake pad with the thickness of H3.
H1 is greater than H2 is greater than H, wherein H1 is the height value of the rectangular box body die, H2 is the distance value between the new upper end face F and the first inclined face E, and H is the distance value between two adjacent wear-resistant body crystal block array layers. The thickness value H3 of the friction-resistant brake pad is greater than or equal to 10cm, and the optimal value of the included angle theta is 8 degrees.
And the cutting operation of the fifth step and the sixth step is completed by a water jet cutting technology of high-pressure jet liquid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the brake pad of the high-speed train has excellent wear resistance and heat conduction performance, after the wear-resistant body crystal block array layer and the substrate lubricating heat conductor are sintered, an inhomogeneous composite new material with special stress and heat conduction structure is formed, different functional phases are separated and combined, the service life of the brake material is prolonged through the wear-resistant phase, the heat conduction performance is improved through the heat conduction phase, mutual independence and mutual supplement of the structure and the function are realized, and the brake pad can become a feasible way for improving the use performance of the high-speed train brake material.
The invention changes the structure in the brake pad from the old three-layer structure of uniformly distributing ceramic particles as the outermost layer in an iron material, a graphite layer as the middle layer and a copper base as the inner layer into the integral composite material structure only comprising a substrate lubrication heat conductor and a plurality of wear-resistant body crystal block array layers distributed in the substrate lubrication heat conductor, thereby the invention particularly provides the relative position relation between the substrate lubrication heat conductor and the wear-resistant body crystal block array layers, six triaxial ellipsoid grinding ball beads arranged according to a regular hexagon pattern have the structural characteristics of high overall tightness, strong compactness, uniform stress distribution and good resonance stability, the long axes of the six triaxial ellipsoid grinding ball beads are all parallel, the continuity and the unicity of the transmission direction of the vibration internal energy can be improved, the triaxial ellipsoid grinding ball beads of a size-related chain meeting a formula are characterized in that the ellipsoid characteristics are favorable for absorbing and consuming the vibration energy and converting the vibration energy into heat energy, and quickly transferred to the next layer.
The respective material formulas of the substrate lubricating heat conductor and the wear-resistant body crystal block array layer are re-proposed through a large number of experimental tests and empirical summaries under the condition of fully considering the layout and structural characteristics of the substrate lubricating heat conductor and the wear-resistant body crystal block array layer, and have obviously-related formula component distribution ratio relations with each other. The compositions of these two materials maximize their vibration absorbing, rapid thermal energy transfer and conduction, resonance elimination and overall structural strength enhancement properties only when the substrate according to the present invention lubricates the thermal conductor and the relative positioning of the plurality of wear body boule array layers distributed therein.
The manufacturing method of the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank provided by the invention has the advantages of reasonable process sequence, clear step method, popular and easy understanding, strong operability and low technical threshold. Particularly, when the sintered and molded substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank is cut at a given angle in the fifth step, a right-angle wedge-shaped structure with an included angle theta with the original end face of the prism is cut off from the upper end part and the lower end part of the standard rectangular prism respectively, so that the optimal included angle theta is kept between the wear-resistant body crystal block array layer and the new end face of the friction-resistant brake pad serving as the friction end face after cutting, the optimal balance can be achieved to the maximum extent in a pair of contradiction between the self loss of the friction-resistant brake pad and the braking efficiency through the angle parameters obtained through practical exploration and summary, and the heat dissipation efficiency and the structural stability of the plurality of wear-resistant body crystal block array layers can be considered and guaranteed. The cutting operation adopted by the technical scheme of the invention is completed by a water jet cutting technology of high-pressure jet liquid, so that the microstructure remodeling and change caused by the impact of friction heat generated in the mechanical cutting to the interior of the friction-resistant brake pad can be avoided, and meanwhile, the fine cracks generated by the mechanical impact and the loosening of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball beads from the original position can be avoided.
In addition, the friction-resistant brake pad has the advantages of simple and practical structure, convenience in operation, low cost of the manufacturing method, convenience in popularization and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a friction resistant brake pad of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the structural relationship of a substrate lubricated thermally conductive rectangular prism blank and a plurality of wear resistant bulk crystal array layers in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a triaxial elliptical ball milled spherical bead of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a single hexagonal grinding stone of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of a plurality of hexagonal ball agglomerates in a square array having a side length L according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the relative positioning of a plurality of wear resistant bulk crystal array layers of the present invention stacked one on top of the other at a pitch H;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a rectangular prism blank of a substrate lubricated thermally conductive body according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the K-K section of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a substrate lubricated heat conductor rectangular prism blank in preparation for removal of the top rectangular wedge M of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the explosive assembly of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a front view of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a substrate lubricated heat conductor rectangular prism blank prior to preparation for removal of the bottom right angle wedge N in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the construction of the lubricated thermal conductor material to be cut of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of the present invention dividing the material to be cut of a lubricated thermal conductor into a plurality of friction-resistant brake pads;
FIG. 16 is a schematic representation of the relative positions of the surfaces of a single friction resistant brake pad of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of the application of two friction-resistant brake pads of the present invention, respectively, assembled with a brake caliper;
FIG. 18 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a single friction-resistant brake pad in an applied condition.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the friction-resistant brake pad 5 of the present invention includes a base lubrication heat conductor 1 and a plurality of wear-resistant body crystal block array layers 2 distributed therein, the plurality of wear-resistant body crystal block array layers 2 are stacked and arranged at a distance H, each wear-resistant body crystal block array layer 2 is formed by a plurality of hexagonal ball-shaped grinding blocks 2-1 in a square array with a side length L;
the substrate lubrication heat conductor 1 is formed by cutting a substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the substrate lubrication heat conductor 1 are a heat conductor upper end surface s and a heat conductor lower end surface t which are parallel to each other, and an acute included angle formed by the wear-resistant body crystal block array layer 2 and the heat conductor upper end surface s or the heat conductor lower end surface t is theta;
the hexagonal grinding ball block 2-1 comprises six triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball beads 2-1-1 with centroids arranged according to a regular hexagonal pattern, and the radius of a circumscribed circle of the regular hexagonal pattern is R; the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead 2-1-1 is an ellipsoid, the major axis of which is a, one minor axis of which is b, and the other minor axis of which is c;
the long axes a of six triaxial elliptical ball-milled spherical beads 2-1-1 in the same hexagonal ball-milling block 2-1 are all parallel.
The long axes a of six triaxial elliptical ball milling sphere beads 2-1-1 in the same hexagonal milling sphere block 2-1 are all parallel to the x-axis direction of the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3, and the size parameters of the triaxial elliptical ball milling sphere beads 2-1-1 meet the following formula:
Figure BDA0002251500490000081
in the formula: the minor axis c is 4mm, the major axis a is 5mm, and the length of the major axis a is twice the length of the minor axis b.
The included angle theta is in the range of 7.5 degrees to 15 degrees; h ═ 4 c;
Figure BDA0002251500490000082
the material of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead 2-1-1 is ferro-manganese alloy, and the ferro-manganese alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 96.13% iron, 1.43% manganese, 0.7% chromium, 0.62% silicon, 0.43% nickel, 0.39% molybdenum, 0.21% boron, 0.049% titanium, 0.025% phosphorus, and 0.016% sulfur; the base material lubricating heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 is made of copper-tin alloy, and the copper-tin alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 92.14% copper, 4.53% tin, 1.21% zinc, 0.97% nickel, 0.51% aluminum, 0.38% lead, and 0.26% phosphorus.
As shown in fig. 7 to 16, the method for preparing the friction-resistant brake pad of the high-speed train comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing elementary substance particles of each component material of copper-tin alloy required by the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 according to the formula proportion of 92.14% by mass of copper, 4.53% by mass of tin, 1.21% by mass of zinc, 0.97% by mass of nickel, 0.51% by mass of aluminum, 0.38% by mass of lead and 0.26% by mass of phosphorus, and performing ball milling for 1.5 hours by using a ball mill with the speed of 300 revolutions per minute to prepare raw material powder of the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3;
step two: the method for preparing the raw material powder of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead 2-1-1 specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 2.1: respectively preparing simple substance particles of each component material required by the triaxial elliptical ball-milled spherical beads 2-1-1 according to a manganese-iron alloy formula proportion of 96.13% of iron, 1.43% of manganese, 0.7% of chromium, 0.62% of silicon, 0.43% of nickel, 0.39% of molybdenum, 0.21% of boron, 0.049% of titanium, 0.025% of phosphorus and 0.016% of sulfur in percentage by mass;
step 2.2: separately mixing titanium particles and boron simple substance particles in the component materials of the 2-1-1 of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead 2.1, and performing ball milling for 2 hours by using a 500-revolution/minute ball mill to prepare boron-titanium mixed powder;
step 2.3: mixing the boron-titanium mixed powder obtained in the step 2.2 with the rest components except the titanium particles and the boron simple substance particles in the step 2.1, and mechanically mixing the powder by a stirrer, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 100 revolutions per minute, and the mixing time is 1 hour, so that the raw material powder of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead 2-1-1 is prepared;
step three: the bead for manufacturing the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead 2-1-1 in batches specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 3.1: preparing raw material powder of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding sphere bead 2-1-1 obtained in the step 2.3 into triaxial ellipsoidal grinding sphere blank beads meeting size parameters by a powder hot rolling forming process; the rolling pressure is 25MPa-50 MPa;
step 3.2: sintering the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball blank beads obtained in the step 3.1 in a vacuum sintering mode, wherein the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, the sintering time is 2 hours, the cooling mode is furnace cooling, and the cooling time is 8-12 hours, so that the required triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball beads 2-1-1 are prepared;
step four: manufacturing a substrate lubricating heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3, which specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 4.1: paving the raw material powder of the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 in the first layer in a rectangular box mould with the height of H1, wherein the paving thickness value of the raw material powder is equal to 120% H;
step 4.2: taking the rectangular box body in the step 4.1 as a bearing tray for the beads 2-1-1 of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball body, arranging a wear-resistant body crystal block array layer 2 on a raw material powder layer of a first layer of base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 in the step 4.1, wherein each hexagonal grinding ball block 2-1 in the wear-resistant body crystal block array layer 2 is completed by mature and well-known array layout equipment and a layout method thereof, and the distance between the centers of hexagonal external circles of every two hexagonal grinding ball blocks 2-1 which are adjacent in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction is L;
step 4.3: repeating the steps from 4.1 to 4.2 on the basis of the raw material powder layer of the first layer of substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 and the first layer of wear-resistant body crystal block array layer 2 completed in the step 4.2, thereby sequentially completing the laying process of the raw material powder layer of the second layer of substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 and the corresponding second layer of wear-resistant body crystal block array layer 2;
step 4.4: further sequentially finishing the laminating and laying of the other base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 and the wear-resistant body crystal block array layer 2 according to the method completely same as the step 4.3 until the rectangular box body mould in the step 4.1 is completely filled;
step 4.5: pressing the inner cavity of the rectangular box body mold in the step 4.4 to generate a substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 containing a plurality of wear-resistant body crystal block array layers 2, wherein the pressing pressure is 50MPa-80 MPa;
step 4.6: performing vacuum sintering molding on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 in the step 4.5, wherein the sintering temperature is 650 ℃, the sintering time is 2.5 hours, the cooling mode is furnace cooling, and the cooling time is 8-12 hours, so as to obtain the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 after sintering molding;
step five: cutting the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 sintered and formed in the step 4.6 at a given angle, and the method specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 5.1: establish the preceding terminal surface of the prismatic blank 3 of substrate lubrication heat conductor after the sintering shaping and be preceding terminal surface C of blank prism, establish its up end, lower terminal surface and be prismatic up end A of blank and prismatic terminal surface D down of blank respectively to establish its left end face and right-hand member face and be prismatic left end G of blank and prismatic right-hand member face B of blank respectively, then:
the lower end surface D of the blank prism is coincided with a processing reference surface, and a top layer right-angled wedge M is cut from the upper part of the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3; the top layer right-angled wedge M takes a right angle formed by the intersection of the upper end surface A of the blank prism and the right end surface B of the blank prism as a right angle of the top layer right-angled wedge M, takes the upper end surface A of the complete blank prism as the end surface of a right-angled side line of the top layer right-angled wedge M, and takes a projection point of the intersection line of the left end surface G of the blank prism and the upper end surface A of the blank prism on the front end surface C of the blank prism as the starting point of an acute angle edge of the top layer right-angled wedge;
the included angle between the inclined plane of the top right-angled wedge M and the upper end surface A of the blank prism is theta; after the top right-angled wedge M is separated, a cutting surface corresponding to the top right-angled wedge M on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 becomes a first inclined surface E on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3; an acute included angle formed by the first inclined surface E and the lower end surface D of the blank prism is theta;
step 5.2: a first inclined plane E newly formed on the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 after the top layer right-angled wedge M is removed is coincided with a processing reference plane, so that the included angle between the lower end surface D of the blank prism and the processing reference plane is theta;
step 5.3: cutting a bottom rectangular wedge N from the upper part of the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 obtained in the step 5.2; the bottom layer right-angle wedge N takes a right angle formed by the intersection of the lower end face D of the blank prism and the left end face G of the blank prism as a self right angle, the bottom layer right-angle wedge N takes the complete lower end face D of the blank prism as an end face where a right-angle side line of the bottom layer right-angle wedge N is located, and takes a projection point of the intersection line of the right end face B of the blank prism and the lower end face D of the blank prism on the front end face C of the blank prism as a starting point of a sharp angle edge of the bottom layer right-angle wedge;
after the bottom layer right-angled wedge N is separated, a cutting surface corresponding to the bottom layer right-angled wedge N on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 becomes a new upper end surface F on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3; the new upper end face F is parallel to the first inclined plane E; simultaneously, the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank 3 after the top layer right-angle wedge M and the bottom layer right-angle wedge N are removed is set as a blank 4 to be cut of the lubrication heat conductor;
step six: and measuring the distance value H2 between the new upper end surface F and the first inclined surface E, and then uniformly cutting the blank 4 to be cut of the lubricating heat conductor according to the measured distance value so as to divide the blank into the friction-resistant brake pad 5 with the thickness of H3. When the novel heat conductor is used, the new upper end face F or the first inclined face E is randomly set as the upper end face s of the heat conductor or the lower end face t of the heat conductor, and the upper end face s of the heat conductor or the lower end face t of the heat conductor does not need to be distinguished.
H1 is greater than H2 is greater than H, wherein H1 is the height value of the rectangular box body die, H2 is the distance value between the new upper end face F and the first inclined face E, and H is the distance value between two adjacent wear-resistant body crystal block array layers 2. The thickness value H3 of the friction-resistant brake pad 5 is more than or equal to 10cm, and the optimal value of the included angle theta is 8 degrees.
And the cutting operation of the fifth step and the sixth step is completed by a water jet cutting technology of high-pressure jet liquid.
In particular, in applying the friction-resistant brake pad 5 of the present invention, as shown in fig. 17, two friction-resistant brake pads 5 of the present invention are respectively assembled with the brake caliper 6 such that each friction-resistant brake pad 5 is connected with the corresponding brake caliper 6 through the lower end surface t of the heat conductor thereof, and the upper end surfaces s of the heat conductors of the two friction-resistant brake pads 5 are arranged parallel and opposite to each other. The upper end surface s of the heat conductor is used as a friction contact surface of the brake pad and the side wall of the hub.
Through a large number of experiments and practical use verification, compared with the traditional three-layer type high-speed train brake pad, the service life of the friction-resistant brake pad 5 can be prolonged by 25 to 35 percent.

Claims (8)

1. The friction-resistant brake block of the high-speed train is characterized in that: the brake pad comprises a base material lubricating heat conductor (1) and a plurality of wear-resistant body crystal block array layers (2) distributed in the base material lubricating heat conductor, wherein the wear-resistant body crystal block array layers (2) are arranged in a laminated mode according to a distance value H, and each wear-resistant body crystal block array layer (2) is formed by a plurality of hexagonal grinding ball blocks (2-1) in a square array with the side length L;
the substrate lubricating heat conductor (1) is formed by cutting a substrate lubricating heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3), the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the substrate lubricating heat conductor (1) are a heat conductor upper end surface s and a heat conductor lower end surface t which are parallel to each other, and an acute included angle formed by the wear-resistant crystal block array layer (2) and the heat conductor upper end surface s or the heat conductor lower end surface t is theta;
the hexagonal grinding ball block (2-1) comprises six triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball body beads (2-1-1) with centroids arranged according to a regular hexagonal pattern, and the radius of a circumscribed circle of the regular hexagonal pattern is R; the triaxial elliptical ball-milled spherical beads (2-1-1) are ellipsoids, the major axis of the ellipsoid is a, one minor axis of the ellipsoid is b, and the other minor axis of the ellipsoid is c;
the long axes a of six triaxial elliptical ball-milled spherical beads (2-1-1) in the same hexagonal ball-milling block (2-1) are all parallel.
2. The high speed train friction resistant brake pad of claim 1 wherein: the long axes a of six triaxial ellipsoidal ball-milling ball beads (2-1-1) in the same hexagonal ball-milling block (2-1) are all parallel to the x-axis direction of the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3), and the size parameters of the triaxial ellipsoidal ball-milling ball beads (2-1-1) meet the following formula:
Figure FDA0002637911940000011
in the formula: the minor axis c is 4mm, the major axis a is 5mm, and the length of the major axis a is twice the length of the minor axis b.
3. The high speed train friction resistant brake pad of claim 2, wherein: the included angle theta is in a range of 7.5 degrees to 15 degrees; h ═ 4 c;
Figure FDA0002637911940000012
4. the high speed train friction resistant brake pad of claim 3 wherein: the triaxial elliptical ball milling sphere beads (2-1-1) are made of ferro-manganese alloy, and the ferro-manganese alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 96.13% iron, 1.43% manganese, 0.7% chromium, 0.62% silicon, 0.43% nickel, 0.39% molybdenum, 0.21% boron, 0.049% titanium, 0.025% phosphorus, and 0.016% sulfur; the base material lubricating heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) is made of copper-tin alloy, and the copper-tin alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 92.14% copper, 4.53% tin, 1.21% zinc, 0.97% nickel, 0.51% aluminum, 0.38% lead, and 0.26% phosphorus.
5. The method for preparing a friction-resistant brake pad for a high-speed train as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing simple substance particles of each component material of copper-tin alloy required by the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) according to the formula proportion of 92.14% of copper, 4.53% of tin, 1.21% of zinc, 0.97% of nickel, 0.51% of aluminum, 0.38% of lead and 0.26% of phosphorus by mass percentage, and ball-milling the mixture for 1.5 hours by using a ball mill with the speed of 300 r/min to prepare raw material powder of the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3);
step two: the method for preparing the raw material powder of the triaxial elliptical ball milled spherical beads (2-1-1) specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 2.1: respectively preparing elementary substance particles of each component material required by the triaxial elliptical ball-milled spherical beads (2-1-1) according to a manganese-iron alloy formula proportion of 96.13% of iron, 1.43% of manganese, 0.7% of chromium, 0.62% of silicon, 0.43% of nickel, 0.39% of molybdenum, 0.21% of boron, 0.049% of titanium, 0.025% of phosphorus and 0.016% of sulfur in percentage by mass;
step 2.2: separately mixing titanium particles and boron simple substance particles in the component material of the triaxial elliptical ball-milled spherical beads (2-1-1) in the step 2.1, and carrying out ball milling for 2 hours by using a 500-rpm ball mill to prepare boron-titanium mixed powder;
step 2.3: mixing the boron-titanium mixed powder obtained in the step 2.2 with the rest components except the titanium particles and the boron simple substance particles in the step 2.1, and mechanically mixing the powder by a stirrer, wherein the rotating speed of the mixer is 100 revolutions per minute, and the mixing time is 1 hour, so that the raw material powder of the triaxial elliptical ball-milled spherical beads (2-1-1) is prepared;
step three: the bead for manufacturing the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding ball bead (2-1-1) in batch specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 3.1: preparing raw material powder of the triaxial elliptical ball milled spherical bead (2-1-1) obtained in the step 2.3 into triaxial elliptical ball milled spherical blank beads meeting size parameters by a powder hot rolling forming process; the rolling pressure is 25MPa-50 MPa;
step 3.2: sintering the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding sphere blank beads obtained in the step 3.1 in a vacuum sintering mode, wherein the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, the sintering time is 2 hours, the cooling mode is furnace cooling, and the cooling time is 8-12 hours, so that the beads of the triaxial ellipsoidal grinding sphere beads (2-1-1) are prepared;
step four: manufacturing a substrate lubricating heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3), which specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 4.1: paving the raw material powder of the base material lubricating heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) in the first layer in a rectangular box mould with the height of H1, wherein the paving thickness value of the raw material powder is equal to 120% H;
step 4.2: the rectangular box body in the step 4.1 is used as a bearing tray for triaxial elliptical ball-milled spherical beads (2-1-1), a wear-resistant body crystal block array layer (2) is arranged on a raw material powder layer of the first layer of base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) in the step 4.1, each hexagonal ball-milled block (2-1) in the wear-resistant body crystal block array layer (2) is completed by known array layout equipment and a layout method thereof, every two hexagonal ball-milled blocks (2-1) which are adjacent in the transverse or longitudinal direction are provided, and the distance between the circle centers of hexagonal circumscribed circles of the two hexagonal ball-milled blocks is L;
step 4.3: repeating the steps from 4.1 to 4.2 on the basis of the raw material powder layer of the first layer of substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) and the first layer of wear-resistant body crystal block array layer (2) completed in the step 4.2, thereby sequentially completing the laying process of the raw material powder layer of the second layer of substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) and the corresponding second layer of wear-resistant body crystal block array layer (2);
step 4.4: further sequentially finishing the stacking and laying of the other base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blanks (3) and the wear-resistant body crystal block array layers (2) according to the method completely the same as the step 4.3 until the rectangular box body mould in the step 4.1 is completely filled;
step 4.5: pressing the inner cavity of the rectangular box body die in the step 4.4 to generate a substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) containing a plurality of layers of wear-resistant body crystal block array layers (2), wherein the pressing pressure is 50-80 MPa;
step 4.6: carrying out vacuum sintering molding on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) in the step 4.5, wherein the sintering temperature is 650 ℃, the sintering time is 2.5 hours, the cooling mode is furnace cooling, and the cooling time is 8-12 hours, so that the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) after sintering molding is obtained;
step five: cutting the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) sintered and formed in the step 4.6 at a given angle, and specifically comprises the following substeps:
step 5.1: establish the preceding terminal surface of the prismatic blank of substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangle (3) after the sintering shaping and be preceding terminal surface C of blank prism, establish its up end, lower terminal surface and be prismatic up end A of blank and prismatic terminal surface D down of blank respectively to establish its left end and right-hand member face and be prismatic left end G of blank and prismatic right-hand member face B of blank respectively, then:
the lower end surface D of the blank prism is coincided with a processing reference surface, and a top layer right-angled wedge M is cut from the upper part of the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3); the top layer right-angle wedge M takes a right angle formed by the intersection of the upper end surface A of the blank prism and the right end surface B of the blank prism as a right angle of the top layer right-angle wedge M, takes the upper end surface A of the complete blank prism as an end surface where a right-angle side line of the top layer right-angle wedge M is located, and takes a projection point of the intersection line of the left end surface G of the blank prism and the upper end surface A of the blank prism on the front end surface C of the blank prism as a starting point of an acute angle edge of the top layer right-angle; the included angle between the inclined plane of the top right-angled wedge M and the upper end surface A of the blank prism is theta; after the top right-angle wedge M is separated, a cutting surface corresponding to the top right-angle wedge M on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) becomes a first inclined surface E on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3); an acute included angle formed by the first inclined surface E and the lower end surface D of the blank prism is theta;
step 5.2: a first inclined plane E newly formed on the base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) after the top layer right-angled wedge M is removed is superposed with a processing reference plane, so that the included angle between the lower end surface D of the blank prism and the processing reference plane is theta;
step 5.3: cutting a bottom right-angle wedge N from the upper part of the base material lubricating heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) obtained in the step 5.2; the bottom layer right-angle wedge N takes a right angle formed by the intersection of the lower end face D of the blank prism and the left end face G of the blank prism as a self right angle, the bottom layer right-angle wedge N takes the complete lower end face D of the blank prism as an end face where a right-angle side line of the bottom layer right-angle wedge N is located, and takes a projection point of the intersection line of the right end face B of the blank prism and the lower end face D of the blank prism on the front end face C of the blank prism as a starting point of a sharp angle edge of the bottom layer right-angle wedge N; after the bottom layer right-angled wedge N is separated, a cutting surface corresponding to the bottom layer right-angled wedge N on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) becomes a new upper end surface F on the substrate lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3); the new upper end face F is parallel to the first inclined plane E; simultaneously, a base material lubrication heat conductor rectangular prism blank (3) after the top right-angle wedge M and the bottom right-angle wedge N are removed is set as a blank (4) to be cut of the lubrication heat conductor;
step six: and measuring the distance value H2 between the new upper end surface F and the first inclined surface E, and then uniformly cutting the blank (4) to be cut of the lubricating heat conductor according to the measured distance value so as to divide the blank into the friction-resistant brake pad (5) with the thickness of H3.
6. The method for preparing a friction-resistant brake pad of a high-speed train as claimed in claim 5, wherein: h1 is greater than H2 is greater than H, wherein H1 is the height value of the rectangular box body die, H2 is the distance value between the new upper end face F and the first inclined face E, and H is the distance value between two adjacent wear-resistant body crystal block array layers (2).
7. The method for preparing a friction-resistant brake pad of a high-speed train as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the thickness value H3 of the friction-resistant brake pad (5) is more than or equal to 10cm, and the optimal value of the included angle theta is 8 degrees.
8. The method for preparing a friction-resistant brake pad of a high-speed train as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and the cutting operation of the fifth step and the sixth step is completed by a water jet cutting technology of high-pressure jet liquid.
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