CN110804202A - 开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料 - Google Patents

开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料 Download PDF

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CN110804202A
CN110804202A CN201810883269.7A CN201810883269A CN110804202A CN 110804202 A CN110804202 A CN 110804202A CN 201810883269 A CN201810883269 A CN 201810883269A CN 110804202 A CN110804202 A CN 110804202A
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朴成浩
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：多元醇20～100份、异氰酸酯40‑150份、扩链剂1～10份、阻燃剂1～40份、硅氧烷稳定剂0.01～3份、非硅氧烷稳定剂0.01～3份、消泡剂0.01～5份、催化剂0.01～7份、物理发泡剂1～30份、化学发泡剂0.01～10份。本发明的泡沫材料具有尺寸稳定性好、导热系数较低、绝热效果好以及较好的压缩强度等特点。添加的少量的消泡剂，可以在不减少催化剂和发泡剂用量的情况下，使产生的泡沫可以分布的更均匀，并且在内部产生微小的连通空隙，增强泡沫材料的尺寸稳定性，同时不会减少反应时间，降低材料的加工效率。

Description

开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域，具体涉及一种开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料。
背景技术
在包括隔热保温在内的许多应用领域中，多孔聚合物如聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯或聚氨酯极具应用价值。这种泡沫体具有出色的尺寸稳定性和稳定的隔热保温性能。这些特性均主要是由泡沫体的蜂窝结构确定的，通常泡沫体内的蜂窝结构越小，泡沫体的导热系数越小，其隔热保温性能越好。但是，随着泡孔变细，即直径变小，泡沫体的压缩强度与尺寸稳定性常常会变差。
就泡沫体内的蜂窝结构来说，传统的方法是在制备泡沫体的过程中控制反应的速度以及减少发泡剂的使用量，使产生的气泡不会过大过密，得到蜂窝结构较小的泡沫体。就尺寸稳定问题来说，需要使泡孔中的一个或多个完全打开，不会被膜封闭起来，允许空气或其它气体自由通过。传统的方法是采用开孔剂，但是开孔剂会促使形成含大孔结构的聚合物，使得这种聚合物内的蜂窝结构变大。因此，需要研发一种新的泡沫材料，内部具有相互连通的较小的蜂窝结构的同时保证泡沫尺寸的稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述问题，提供一种开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料，得到的泡沫体内部具有较小的蜂窝结构，同时内部的蜂窝结构可以连通，保证泡沫体的尺寸稳定性。
为了达到上述目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：多元醇20～100份、异氰酸酯40-150份、扩链剂1～10份、阻燃剂1～40份、硅氧烷稳定剂0.01～3份、非硅氧烷稳定剂0.01～3份、消泡剂0.01～5份、催化剂0.01～7份、物理发泡剂1～30份、化学发泡剂0.01～10份。
进一步地，所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇中的一种或两种。
进一步地，所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯或多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
进一步地，所述的化学发泡剂为水或一元醇。
本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明的泡沫材料具有尺寸稳定性好、导热系数较低、绝热效果好以及较好的压缩强度等特点。添加的少量的消泡剂，可以在不减少催化剂和发泡剂用量的情况下，使产生的泡沫可以分布的更均匀，并且在内部产生微小的连通空隙，增强泡沫材料的尺寸稳定性，同时不会减少反应时间，降低材料的加工效率。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步地说明。
实施例1
一种开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：多元醇20kg、异氰酸酯27kg、扩链剂1kg、阻燃剂1kg、硅氧烷稳定剂0.5kg、非硅氧烷稳定剂0.5kg、消泡剂0.5kg、催化剂0.1kg、物理发泡剂6kg、化学发泡剂0.1kg。
所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇中的一种或两种。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯或多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
所述的化学发泡剂为水或一元醇。
实施例2
一种开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：多元醇60kg、异氰酸酯120kg、扩链剂5.5kg、阻燃剂20kg、硅氧烷稳定剂2kg、非硅氧烷稳定剂2kg、消泡剂3kg、催化剂1kg、物理发泡剂12kg、化学发泡剂0.1kg。
所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇中的一种或两种。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯或多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
所述的化学发泡剂为水或一元醇。
实施例3
一种开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：多元醇100kg、异氰酸酯150kg、扩链剂10kg、阻燃剂40kg、硅氧烷稳定剂1kg、非硅氧烷稳定剂1kg、消泡剂1kg、催化剂2kg、物理发泡剂15kg、化学发泡剂1kg。
所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇中的一种或两种。
所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯或多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
所述的化学发泡剂为水或一元醇。
以上实施例1-3所述的开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料的制备方法如下：
(1)按照上述原料的重量份配比先将所需原料进行称重备用；
(2)依次将多元醇、扩链剂、阻燃剂、硅氧烷稳定剂、非硅氧烷稳定剂、消泡剂、催化剂、物理发泡剂、化学发泡剂加入到高压喷枪的料泵中，在料泵中使用1000r/min的速度搅拌20-30min，使各原料充分混合均匀，得到A组分；
(3)再将A组分与异氰酸酯按照1:1的比例的混合，使其充分反应，即可得到所需产品。
将实施例1-3制得的泡沫材料进行测试，得到如下数据：
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
密度，kg/m<sup>3</sup> 34 46 60
压缩强度，MPa 0.13 0.33 0.42
导热系数，W/m.K 0.038 0.040 0.041
尺寸稳定性，％ 0.2 0.3 0.2
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：多元醇20～100份、异氰酸酯40-150份、扩链剂1～10份、阻燃剂1～40份、硅氧烷稳定剂0.01～3份、非硅氧烷稳定剂0.01～3份、消泡剂0.01～5份、催化剂0.01～7份、物理发泡剂1～30份、化学发泡剂0.01～10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于：所述多元醇为聚醚多元醇或聚酯多元醇中的一种或两种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于：所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二甲苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯或多次甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的开放型多孔聚氨酯泡沫材料，其特征在于：所述的化学发泡剂为水或一元醇。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111944448A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2020-11-17 南通亿帆材料科技有限公司 一种可喷绘印刷的发泡胶贴膜及其制备方法
CN111961327A (zh) * 2020-08-30 2020-11-20 宁波耀众模塑科技有限公司 一种聚氨酯发泡产品用阻燃聚脲材料

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