CN110799814B - 用于检测容器中介质的填充水平的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
所述装置的特征更具体地在于填充水平的简单和可靠检测。为此,多个测量点彼此间隔地布置,每个测量点由电阻器和pn结的串联电路组成。每个测量点连接到多路复用器的输入端。测量点还连接到参考电势。多路复用器的输出端连接到控制装置,其中所述控制装置‑周期性地向经由所述多路复用器连接到所述控制装置的测量点供应电压并测量压降,‑根据由所述介质的各个热性质产生的温度相关通量电压确定所述介质,以及‑根据连续的测量点确定所述填充水平。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于检测容器中介质的填充水平的装置。
背景技术
公开DE 197 41 892 A1描述了一种用于确定液体的数量和质量的方法和装置。利用温度相关电阻器元件用于查明填充水平。经由电流的供给而对电阻器元件进行加热,并且同时测量电阻器元件两端的电压,其中利用至少两个电压值以便查明填充水平。
公开DE 4436395C1描述了一种填充水平传感器,其包括多个分压器,它们分布在要测量的填充水平的区域上。如果填充水平超过或低于分压器,每个分压器均包括负温度系数热敏电阻器和正温度系数热敏电阻器,则发生输出信号的明显跳变。所述热敏电阻器耦合到特定的介质,在这种情况下,即燃料和空气。
这些方案的灵敏度尤其受到电阻器的特定材料的限制。
公开DE 10 2008 012 503 A1公开了一种包括电磁阀的水传感器。这涉及用于监视燃料过滤器(特别是柴油燃料过滤器)中的水位的组件。其基础是与柴油燃料过滤器的集水容器有关的填充水平管。在至少一个给定的高度处提供了测量杆,如果水位达到所述测量杆,所述测量杆会传递信号。因此,只能检测到导电物质。
公开US 2008/0 041 152 A1和US 2014/0 260 520 A1公开了电子填充水平传感器,其包括传感器的线性布置。它们包括热检测器和热源,其中检测所述传感器是处于液体还是空气中。特定的加热元件安装在紧邻热传感器的位置,所述热传感器感测所述加热元件的温度。如果所述加热元件的温度改变,则指示所述加热元件是否浸入。为此目的,将热敏二极管与所述加热元件结合利用,在这种情况下,利用p-n结的取决于温度的电流用于温度检测。所述加热元件优选是电阻器。利用所述填充水平传感器仅用于确定所述液体是否存在。
公开US 2006/0 144 140 A1描述了一种用于监视容器中的液位的装置。为此目的,前述装置包括显示装置,其显示所述容器内的液位。借助温度传感器经由所述容器的壁温推断填充水平。利用二极管传感器作为温度传感器。
DE 25 36 821 A1描述了一种用于监视蒸汽锅炉中水位的电极设备。提供隔板,以使渗透到保护管中的泡沫不会与水平电极接触,以便模拟更高的水位。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题是容易检测容器中介质的填充水平。
所述问题通过在主权利要求中描述的特征得到解决。在从属权利要求中描述了有利的实施例。
所述用于检测容器中的介质的填充水平的装置尤其以简单且可靠的填充水平的检测为区别。
为此,多个测量点彼此间隔开,每个测量点由电阻器和p-n结的串联电路组成。一方面,每个测量点连接到多路复用器的输入端。另一方面,所述测量点连接到参考电势。多路复用器的输出端连接到控制装置,其中所述控制装置是
-周期性地向经由所述多路复用器连接到所述控制装置的测量点供应电压、并测量压降的控制装置,
-根据由所述介质的不同热性质产生的取决于温度的正向电压、来确定所述介质的控制装置,以及
-根据连续的测量点查明所述填充水平的控制装置。
所述用于填充水平检测的装置基于热测量原理,其中利用了围绕所述装置的介质的不同热性质。这借助于用作加热装置的电阻器和p-n结进行,其中测量取决于特定介质的它们的温度相关正向电压。所述正向电压可以基于它们的不同导热性和热容量分配给特定的介质。为此目的,可以经由所述控制装置和所述多路复用器一个接一个地周期性地激活所述测量点。
所述p-n结在正向上操作,并测量所述正向电压,并因此测量导通状态电压。这可以经由借助于恒定电流源的恒定电流的供应来进行。所述正向电压是取决于温度的,因此在温度变化发生时并取决于对应的介质,不同的电压值开始。可以借助于所述控制装置将所述电压值分配到所述特定的介质。
在本发明的实施例中,所述控制装置是借助于经由所述多路复用器连接到所述控制装置的特定测量点来加热所述介质的控制装置。此外,所述控制装置是检测所产生的正向电压、并且根据温度差查明导热系数和/或根据温度升高查明所述介质的热容量的控制装置。
在本发明的实施例中,所述p-n结是二极管或晶体管的基极-发射极路径。
在本发明的实施例中,所述控制装置和所述多路复用器经由DC-DC转换器连接到电网,其中所述DC-DC转换器是或包括至少一个恒定电流源。
在本发明的实施例中,所述控制装置连接到电磁波的收发器和/或数据网络和/或接口。
在本发明的实施例中,所述p-n结和所述电阻器(作为组件)位于组件载体上。
在本发明的实施例中,包括特定组件的所述组件载体被嵌入塑料中或位于壳体中。
在本发明的实施例中,嵌入在塑料中并且包括所述组件的所述组件载体有间隙地布置在沿所述介质的方向开口的管中。而且,所述管位于所述介质中。所述管上和所述管中的填充水平相同。所述容器中的填充水平变化在所述管中彼此抵消,并因此可以测量特定的填充水平。因此,由冲击引起的所述容器中流体的波动不会导致所述管中填充水平的变化,因此避免了恶化的测量。
在本发明的实施例中,作为第一管的所述管被有间隙地布置在包括基座的第二管中。所述第一管在与所述第二管相距一定距离处终止。另外,所述第二管在端部区域中包括至少一个开口,所述开口连接所述容器的内部空间与所述第一管和所述第二管之间的空间。因此,所述第二管处的液体介质进入所述第一管和所述第二管之间的空间,以及通过第一开口管进入其内部空间,并因此到达所述用于填充水平检测的装置。不会错误地检测包含介质的短暂倾斜容器的填充水平。
在本发明的实施例中,所述介质是单独地燃料、水、尿素水溶液、冷却液、冰、空气,或其组合。
在本发明的实施例中,所述用于填充水平检测的装置是用于检测介质的填充水平的装置、或用于检测多种不可混溶介质的填充水平的装置。所述介质可以是液体和/或气体。如果存在的话,它们被一个接一个地布置。按照该方式,可以借助于测量点检测存在的特定介质。
本发明的主题还在于根据本发明的用于检测介质的填充水平的装置的用途。
为了实现本发明,将根据本发明的上述设计、实施例、和权利要求的特征以任何布置彼此组合也是有利的。
本发明的示例性实施例基本上在每个附图中示出,并且在下面更详细地描述。所述示例性实施例旨在描述本发明,而不限制本发明。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1示出了用于检测容器中介质的填充水平的装置的框图,
图2示出了作为用于填充水平检测的装置的电路板的组件载体,
图3示出了与连接器壳体相关的用于填充水平检测的装置,
图4示出了包括管中的测量点的用于填充水平检测的装置,以及
图5示出了包括彼此间隔开的管中的测量点的用于填充水平检测的装置。
具体实施方式
用于检测容器中介质的填充水平的装置本质上由用于介质的多个测量点1、多路复用器2、和控制装置组成。
图1示出了用于检测容器中介质的填充水平的装置的基本框图。
在组件载体上,测量点1彼此间隔开,其中每个测量点1、1a、……、1n检测围绕它的介质。为此目的,测量点1由电阻器和p-n结的串联电路组成。为此目的,p-n结可以是二极管或晶体管的基极-发射极路径。电阻器是用于介质的加热装置。测量点1的p-n结沿正向操作,其中利用p-n结的温度相关正向电压用于确定围绕测量点1的介质。其基础是,介质具有不同的导热系数和热容量。因此,用于填充水平检测的装置基于热测量原理,其中利用了介质的不同热性质。介质可以是单独的燃料、水、尿素水溶液、冷却液、冰、空气,或其组合。
每个测量点1一方面连接到多路复用器2的输入端。另一方面,测量点1连接到参考电势。多路复用器2的输出端连接到具有数据处理***(特别是微控制器3)的形式的控制装置。控制装置因此是
-周期性地向经由多路复用器2连接到控制装置的测量点1供应电压、并测量压降的控制装置,
-根据由介质的不同热性质产生的温度相关正向电压确定介质的控制装置,以及
-根据连续的测量点1、1a、……、1n查明填充水平的控制装置。
为此目的,控制装置是
-借助于经由多路复用器2连接到控制装置的特定测量点1来加热介质的控制装置,以及
-检测所产生的正向电压、并根据温度差查明介质的导热系数和/或根据温度升高中确定介质的热容量的控制装置。
控制装置和多路复用器2经由DC-DC转换器4连接到电网,其中DC-DC转换器4是或包括至少一个恒定电流源。
另外,控制装置连接到电磁波的收发器和/或数据网络和/或接口5。
图2示出了作为用于填充水平检测的装置的电路板6的组件载体的基本图示。
测量点1位于组件载体上,其例如作为电路板6,包括特定的组件和导体迹线,被嵌入塑料中或位于壳体中。
图3示出了与连接器壳体7相关的用于填充水平检测的装置的基本图示。
所述装置可以配备有连接器壳体7,以便更容易地将测量点1放置在容器中。因此,用于填充水平检测的装置可以容易地连接到能源和另一数据处理***。
图4示出了管8中包括测量点1的用于填充水平检测的装置的基本图示。
在实施例中,嵌入在塑料中并且包括组件的组件载体有间隙地布置在管8中作为测量单元9,其在介质的方向上是敞开的,其中管8位于容器的介质中。
图5示出了彼此隔开的管8、10中包括测量点1的用于填充水平检测的装置的基本图示。
此外,在另一实施例中,作为第一管8的管8可以有间隙地布置在包括基座11的第二管10中。为此目的,第一管8在与第二管10相距一定距离处终止。此外,第二管10在端部区域中包括至少一个开口12,所述开口12连接容器的内部空间、与第一管8和第二管10之间的空间。第二管10处的液体介质因此进入第一管8和第二管10之间的空间,以及通过第一开口管8进入其内部空间,并因此到达用于填充水平检测的装置9。
参考符号
1 测量点
2 多路复用器
3 微控制器
4 DC-DC转换器
5 接口
6 电路板
7 连接器壳体
8 第一管
9 测量单元
10 第二管
11 基座
12 开口
Claims (10)
1.一种用于容器中介质的填充水平检测的装置,包括:
多个测量点,每个测量点包括电阻器和p-n结的串联电路,每个测量点连接到多路复用器的输入,并且每个测量点连接到参考电势,其中所述多路复用器的输出连接到控制装置,其中所述控制装置可操作以:
向经由所述多路复用器连接到所述控制装置的所述多个测量点之一供应电压并测量压降,
至少部分地基于由介质的热性质产生的所述测量点的至少一个的p-n结的温度相关正向电压值,并且基于所述温度相关正向电压值到所述介质的类型的分配,来从包括燃料、水、尿素水溶液、冷却液的多种不同类型的液体介质当中确定围绕所述测量点的所述液体介质的所述类型,被确定为围绕所述测量点的所述液体介质的所述类型是单独的燃料、水、尿素水溶液、冷却液,或其组合,以及
从所述多个测量点查明所述类型的所述液体介质的填充水平。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述控制装置可操作以借助于经由所述多路复用器连接至所述控制装置的所述测量点来加热所述液体介质,所述控制装置可操作以检测所述p-n结的所产生的正向电压值,所述控制装置可操作以至少部分地基于温度差来查明所述液体介质的导热,或者至少部分地基于温度升高来确定所述液体介质的热容量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,每个测量点的所述p-n结是二极管或晶体管的基极-发射极路径。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述控制装置和所述多路复用器经由DC-DC转换器连接到电网,其中所述DC-DC转换器包括至少一个恒定电流源。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述控制装置连接到电磁波的收发器或数据网络或接口。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述测量点的所述p-n结和所述电阻器位于组件载体上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中,所述组件载体被嵌入在塑料中或位于壳体中。
8.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中,当管位于所述液体介质中时,所述多个测量点布置在沿所述液体介质的方向开口的所述管中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中,所述管是布置在第二管中的第一管,其中所述第二管包括至少一个开口,所述开口连接容器的内部空间以及所述第一管和所述第二管之间的空间。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述用于填充水平检测的装置是用于检测液体介质的填充水平的装置、或用于检测多种不可混溶的介质的填充水平的装置。
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