CN110799258A - 反渗透装置的排出阀 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种反渗透装置的排出阀,其特别适用于需要低于15巴的低***压力的微咸水反渗透装置。所述阀使***压力在排出量的预定范围内保持基本恒定。流入物通道(13)的尺寸由弹簧操作的锥体(4)调整,所述锥体(4)从不完全封闭通道(13),所述锥体(4)形成恒定节流,直到流入物的压力已经上升到由弹簧(6)布置并且在排出流的最大量处占优势的压力的约四分之三。所述操作在结构上布置成使得所述锥体(4)的轴(7)上固定支撑有邻接主体(1)的内壁的横向板(5),所述横向板在压缩弹簧(6)的按压下由连接到所述主体(1)端部的元件(13)的端部支撑,其中所述锥体处于其最低位置。所述板(5)具有允许流动的通道(2)。在所有情况下,流体的压力都被引导到锥体针(4,5,7)的几乎整个表面上,并且当所述锥体(4)移动时,所述锥体(4)动态地调整流动通道,使得反渗透模块中的压力保持基本恒定。
Description
背景技术
一种反渗透装置的排出阀,节流排出流并将***压力维持在预设水平且基本恒定。
已知的是,通过节流作为排出物从反渗透模块排出的流,可以调整模块中的主要压力,同时通过高压泵将水供给到模块中。模块是指常规的、标准化的管状压力容器,以及其内部的反渗透膜。当盐水流通过模块时,膜将淡水从盐水流中分离出来。剩余的浓缩物(淡水已经从中分离出来)被称为排出物。
反渗透单元可以具有串联和/或并联连接的数个模块,但***的排出物通过一个通道离开,其中通过由所述排出阀产生的节流,可以限定***的压力,并且因此也限定供给泵的背压。
在反渗透***中,膜类型限定了供给流的量的极限值。排出物的流量总是低于供给流的量。它们之间的关系取决于供给流的量、模块数量、供给水盐度、***压力和温度。溶解到水中的固体物质的浓度越高,主要是盐(TDS=总溶解固体)越高,水的渗透压越高。为了使膜将淡水与盐水分离,模块中的主要压力必须高于流过模块的浓缩物的渗透压。由膜分离的淡水被称为其产物。
如果在排出侧上使用恒定节流,诸如节流该流的孔,则如果模块的数量改变,则***压力改变,但是供给流的量保持不变。如果水盐度改变,则发生同样的情况。这是由于以下事实:在这些情况下,膜的产量且相对应地排出量改变。
恒定节流仅适用于其中供给流的量恒定并且膜的产量保持恒定的情况。当使用恒定节流时,还形成了缺点,即膜的产量随着水温的改变而改变,并且产量也随着膜的老化而降低,其中排出物的量相对于供给流而相对应地增加。
在用于低盐度微咸水并且其产量为每小时几十升的小型反渗透装置中,作为节流排出流的阀,通常使用可手动调整的针阀,所述针阀在***启动时被调整到期望的节流水平。实际的缺点是膜的产量仅在***已经被使用一段时间后才开始稳定。在节流阀上还可收集盐垢,所述盐垢改变节流阀的流动横截面。
在实践中,手动节流阀需要持续监测反渗透***的压力并调整该压力。
发明内容
根据本发明的排出阀消除了上述缺点。它非常适用于低盐度水(TDS<10,000毫克/升)和低于15巴的***压力。阀自动且动态地操作,将***压力保持在预定的排出流量范围内的期望的预设水平。由于这个特性,所述阀规定反渗透单元的高压泵的电动马达可以经由逆变器使用,也可以使用太阳能或风能,而不需要电池,其中供给泵的每分钟转速以及相对应的供给流的量根据所获得的能量而变化,因此,***在时间单位内产生的淡水和排出量相对应地变化。
在结构上,弹簧操作的阀,诸如减压阀、安全阀、旁通阀和止回阀,都是彼此联系的,但是它们的操作原理和用途是不同的。根据本发明的阀与常规止回阀(图1)和旁通阀(图2)最相似。在管状主体内,止回阀具有阻断流的壁,并且其中具有圆形流动孔,所述圆形流动孔由圆锥形元件封闭。在另一个端部处支撑到主体的压缩弹簧推动锥体抵靠孔的周边。弹簧将锥体保持在适当的位置,直到由流入物引导到锥体上的压力增加到与弹簧将锥体保持在适当位置的破裂力一样高。止回阀的特点是通道以跳跃状的方式打开。这是由于当阀关闭时,供流的压力被导向的锥体表面随着通道的打开而立即增加,因为加压流现在位于整个锥体的侧面。此后,引导到锥体上的压力减小。对于止回阀的操作来说,流入物的量足够大是非常必要的,因为一旦阀打开,锥体周围的流动压力迅速降低,并且弹簧力将锥体向后推,从而导致压力增加。当流入物的量较低时,锥体开始在孔处窜动。止回阀的锥体的顶角必须如此大,优选为钝角,即,如果阀关闭,则由弹簧按压的锥体不会卡在流动开口中。止回阀非常不适用于调整压力,并且其目的是尽可能少地阻止流入物,并在回流时封闭通道。
当输入侧上的压力增加到超过为其规定的极限时,旁通阀又打开。旁路浪费了压力泵的能量。
至于止回阀,根据本发明的排出阀的特征还在于主体的直的管状结构,流体从所述结构的一个端部导入并从另一个端部导出,并且主体包括锥体,所述锥体借助于压缩弹簧影响流动通道的横截面。主体通过螺纹连接附接到流的入口管和出口管。在其他方面,它在目的、结构和工作原理上与前述阀有很大不同。流动通道的通流的大小可以从公式中近似获得,其中Q[m3/s];CD是取决于通道的形状的一个常数;A[m2];g为9.81m/s2,且H为以米为单位的压力高度,其中10巴对应于100m。但是,计算中的数字必须转换为cm3和mm2的标度。从公式中可以明显看出,使用恒定节流,当流的量增加时,例如增加百分之四十,压力增加百分之百。另一个方面,相对应地,如果通道的横截面增加百分之四十,则压力将保持恒定。由锥体和孔形成的流的环形横截面根据相对于锥体上升的百分比而增加的流的横截面越少,锥体从初始状态上升的越高。
附图文字
图1和图2示出了已知技术。
图1是常规的止回阀,其结构与本发明最相似。
图2是与本发明最相似的旁通阀。
图3至图5示出了根据本发明的阀的结构和操作原理。
图3是阀在轴向上的横截面,并示出了阀的基本结构。
图4示出了阀如何连接到其操作环境中。
图5示出了动态调整流的阀。
具体实施方式
在下文中,参考附图3至图5、借助于示例描述本发明和排出阀的结构。
图3示出了排出阀的在轴向上的横截面。主体1包括自由移动的锥体针4、5、7,在其轴7上固定支撑板状元件5(以下称为限流板),所述板状元件5邻接主体1的内壁。在锥体4的一侧上的限流板5的边缘上,存在环形垫圈9或相对应的凸起。导板8不被附接且在其周边处邻接主体1的内壁。在导板的中间是孔,所述孔的周边邻接锥体4的轴7,并且所述孔具有相应的垫圈10。这些垫圈9、10形成板5和8的一体部分。压缩弹簧6围绕轴7,位于节流板5和导板8之间。板5、8引导锥体在轴向上的移动。这是阀的基本结构。
在图4中,阀的主体1在其端部通过螺纹连接到标准管接连接器11、12。这些连接器具有具有标准化横截面的通道13、14,从具有标准化横截面的通道13、14中选择不同的大小。阀的主体1和锥体4的尺寸设计为适用于所选择的连接器。当连接器11、12安装在主体1中时,弹簧6在板5、8之间压缩,其中由弹簧6按压的板5、8由连接器11、12的端部支撑。同时,锥体4将连接器11的流动通道13封闭到预定程度,限流板5防止锥体4更深地进入通道13中。在这种状态下,锥体4处于其最低位置,但是并不完全封闭通道13,相反,它总是允许通流达到限定的流量。在下文中,当提到锥体4处于其最低位置时,确切地说,所述状态是指最低位置也是阀的恒定节流状态。限流板5的滑道9的高度和锥角的大小可以用于限定允许流入通道的流动的最小横截面。限流板5中布置有一个或多个允许流动的通道2,通道2的横截面显著大于由锥体4调整的通道的流动的最大横截面。导板8具有相对应的通道2。
排出阀总是允许通流的事实对于反渗透***也是优选的,因为随着高压泵的启动,***中的压力增加得更慢,这对于膜是优选的,也不会发生所谓的水锤。当***停止时,在模块中也没有压力,这降低了在模块表面上的盐结垢的可能性。
就在锥体4开始将流动通道打开得更宽之前,由通流的量产生的压力优选为***的排出流的最大压力的75%+/-20%。最大压力又通过排出物的最大量(即,当供给流的量处于其最大值时)来实现。供给流的最大量又是供给泵的数量特征。除了供给流的量外,排出物的最大量还取决于***压力、温度、膜类型和水盐度。由锥体4和通道13形成,用于排出物的最大量的流动通道13的横截面可由锥体4和弹簧6限定,使得流入物的压力在尺寸确定条件下基本上是期望的***压力的大小。因为阀总是允许流动,所以流入物压力所指向的锥体针4、5、7的整个表面面积基本上不改变,因此锥体针4随着流的量的增加而移动相对较小且相当均匀,并且即使在流的量较低时锥体针4、5、7也不会来回窜动。
图5示出了当阀动态调整流量时的阀。
当泵的进给流量充分增加时,锥体4开始移动,并且弹簧6开始随着弹簧力相应地增加而压缩。当流入物处于其最大值时,锥体4提起到其最大处。在这种情况下,反渗透模块已经达到操作压力。
阀的弹簧力的大小被限定为使得在反渗透***中,在由供给泵产生的最大流量下,并且因此在弹簧6被最大程度压缩的最大排出流下,环形流道的大小使得节流在流的供给侧产生期望大小的压力。所述通道的大小可以通过数学方法近似计算,然而,在实践中,关于排出流的量的期望弹簧力准确地只能作为实验测试的结果来获得。实验上也可以限定排出流的量范围,由此同一个阀以足够的精度提供所寻求的***压力。阀的特殊结构还提供锥体4的顶角可以是尖锐的,其中当锥体4在流动开口中移动时,锥体4动态调整流的特性是良好的。当锥体4从其最低位置上升到其最大处时,锥体4的移动很小,结果弹簧力的改变很小,并且***中的压力保持基本恒定。
Claims (2)
1.一种反渗透装置的排出阀,所述排出阀节流排出流并将***压力维持在预设水平且维持基本恒定,所述排出阀包括直的管状主体(1),所述排出流从所述主体的一个端部导入且从另一个端部导出,并且所述主体(1)包含锥形元件(4)(以下称为锥体),所述锥形元件借助于安装在所述锥体(4)的轴(7)周围的预张紧压缩弹簧(6)影响入口通道(13)的横截面,所述弹簧(7)被支撑在所述锥体(4)的相对端部,间接支撑到所述主体(1),其特征在于,所述锥体(4)从不完全封闭所述入口通道(13),所述入口通道(13)是第一元件(11)的中间孔,螺纹连接到所述主体(1)的第一端部,并且布置成使得在所述锥体(4)的所述轴(7)上固定地支撑有限流板(5),所述限流板在被压缩弹簧(6)按压时由所述第一元件(11)的端部支撑,并且所述限流板(5)防止所述锥体(4)更深地进入所述通道(13),并且在所述限流板(5)中布置有流动通道(2),在所述限流板(5)防止所述锥体(4)更深地进入所述通道(13)的状态下所述流动通道(2)也允许流动,并且所述流动通道(12)在横截面上大于经由所述锥体(4)在其最大处时调整的通道,并且弹簧力被调整成使得所述排出流具有恒定节流,直到所述排出流的压力达到由所述弹簧(6)限定的所述***的最大压力的75%+/-20%,其中所述锥体(4)开始移动并且根据所述流的量的改变而动态地调整所述通道的流横截面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阀,其特征在于,所述锥体(4)的所述轴(7)由邻接所述主体(1)的内壁的导板(8)引导,并且在所述导板(8)的中间有孔,所述孔邻接锥体针的所述轴(7),所述轴(7)能够自由地移动穿过所述孔,并且所述导板(8)当被所述弹簧(6)按压时由与所述主体(1)的另一个端部的螺纹接头连接的第二元件(12)支撑,并且在所述导板(8)中布置有流动通道(5)。
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FI20175650A FI127605B (fi) | 2017-07-05 | 2017-07-05 | Käänteisosmoosilaitteen rejektiventtiili |
PCT/FI2018/050438 WO2019008223A1 (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2018-06-12 | REVERSE OSMOSIS DEVICE RELEASE VALVE |
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FR3062191B1 (fr) * | 2017-01-25 | 2020-11-13 | Saipem Sa | Soupape de pression differentielle pour conduite sous-marine de transport de fluides et piece de jonction a bride de limitation de propagation d'ecrasement comprenant une telle soupape |
JP7031060B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2022-03-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 逆止弁および空気調和装置、ならびに逆止弁の製造方法 |
KR102382684B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-18 | 2022-04-14 | 한국전력공사 | 가스 차단 장치 |
FI129890B (fi) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-10-31 | Solar Water Solutions Oy | Nestevirtauksen kuristusventtiili |
CN113251230A (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-13 | 扬中市众成管路配件有限公司 | 一种可用于高压管路的防爆型三通结构 |
CN113443683B (zh) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-09-26 | 同济大学 | 一种用于高盐废水的交变式叠联处理*** |
CN115468034B (zh) * | 2022-09-24 | 2023-10-13 | 江苏丰禾机械制造股份有限公司 | 一种锥形阀防震软硬唇型密封管道的调节方法 |
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SG11201912478RA (en) | 2020-01-30 |
CL2019003753A1 (es) | 2020-11-06 |
WO2019008223A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
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