CN110782768A - Motor car traction braking experiment model device - Google Patents
Motor car traction braking experiment model device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110782768A CN110782768A CN201911071774.2A CN201911071774A CN110782768A CN 110782768 A CN110782768 A CN 110782768A CN 201911071774 A CN201911071774 A CN 201911071774A CN 110782768 A CN110782768 A CN 110782768A
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- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/02—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery
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Abstract
The invention relates to a motor car traction braking experiment model device, which is provided with three asynchronous motors connected with a base, wherein the three asynchronous motors are respectively connected with an inertia flywheel and a magnetic powder brake through shafts, and a braking disc connected with the magnetic powder brake is also arranged. The motor train unit traction braking experiment model device can enable students at school to master the principle of motor train unit traction and braking equipment and a method for learning test, analysis and fault judgment in a convenient mode by simplifying and simulating the structure of an actual motor train unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental model, in particular to a motor car traction braking experimental model device.
Background
The motor train is used as a convenient, rapid and efficient transportation means in modern cities, becomes an important mark of the comprehensive strength of the national railways, and meanwhile, the high-speed motor train is also a key device for the development of the Chinese railways. However, compared with developed countries of high-speed railways in the world such as germany, japan, france, etc., the research and application of the high-speed railway system in China is late, the corresponding technical specification and training system of the motor train unit is still incomplete, the core technology is mostly introduced from germany, japan, france, etc., a large amount of professional talents are needed for digestion, absorption and application, and the mastery of talent culture of the motor train technology becomes urgent. A corresponding experimental model is established in school, so that students can know the principle of traction and braking of the motor car through the experimental model, and can obtain skills required by the fields of testing, analysis, fault judgment and the like on the basis of mastering the principle and structure.
At present, the research on the traction brake experimental model of the motor train unit is less, and the study on the traction brake of the motor train unit in schools mostly stays in the theoretical study or the simulation stage through software such as matlab and Adams, so that students cannot master the principle of the traction brake of the motor train unit in a complete system. In the aspect of professional actual training, real train training can meet the requirement of systematized mastering of principles and testing methods, but has the defects that organization training is too complicated, and normal motor train operation is easily interfered. At present, students in schools are difficult to master professional skills from the aspect of actual operation, so that the establishment of an experimental model of the traction brake of the motor car becomes an optimal way for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a motor car traction and braking experiment model device, which enables students at school to systematically master the principle of motor car traction and braking equipment and a method for testing, analyzing and fault judgment in a convenient mode.
The invention discloses a motor train traction braking experiment model device which is provided with three asynchronous motors connected with a base, wherein the three asynchronous motors are respectively connected with an inertia flywheel and a magnetic powder brake through shafts, and a braking disc connected with the magnetic powder brake is further arranged.
According to the invention, according to the theory and the actual working condition of the traction brake of the motor train, proper hardware is selected to construct an experimental model, and the basic forms of the traction process, the regenerative brake process and the air brake of the motor train are reserved and simulated in the model structure, so that the model can simulate a corresponding experimental scene according to the possible faults and the actual working condition. Meanwhile, the experimental model also simplifies and omits a part of the structure of the bullet train in the traction braking process, for example, the inertia flywheel is used for simulating the body of the bullet train by the inertia load in the regenerative braking process of the motor train unit, and the resistance in the starting process of the bullet train and the resistance which can be met under different running conditions are simulated by different resistances of the magnetic powder brake. The resistance comprises a basic resistance and an additional resistance, a corresponding resistance value is obtained through theoretical calculation, and the resistance is simulated by using a magnetic powder brake, wherein the additional resistance mainly comprises: ramp additional resistance, curve additional resistance, and tunnel additional resistance.
When the simulated motor train unit is started, the three asynchronous motors run, and the working voltage frequency of the three asynchronous motors is changed through the frequency converter, so that the state from constant-torque starting of the three asynchronous motors to constant-power working of the motors is achieved. The magnetic powder brake simulates starting resistance by controlling the size of exciting current, so that the simulation of starting of the motor train unit is completed.
When the running state of the motor train unit is simulated and the resistance of the motor train unit in the running process needs to be simulated, the resistance is changed by changing the exciting current of the magnetic powder brake.
When the motor train unit brakes, regenerative braking, also called feedback braking, is generally adopted. The kinetic energy of the motor car can be converted and stored during braking; rather than becoming useless heat. The regenerative braking switches the motor into the generator to run under the braking working condition, the inertia of the motor car is utilized to drive the rotor of the motor to rotate so as to generate reaction torque, and a part of kinetic energy or potential energy is converted into electric energy to be stored or utilized. When the regenerative braking of the motor train unit is simulated, the three asynchronous motors are converted into generators to work, the inertia flywheel transmits mechanical energy stored before the inertia flywheel to the generators at the moment, and the mechanical energy on the generator shaft is converted into electric energy transmitted to the resistance box by the stator winding, so that the simulation of the regenerative braking is completed.
The magnetic powder brake comprises a transmission unit (input shaft) and a driven unit (output shaft). The space between the two sets of cells is filled with granular magnetic powder (about 40 microns in volume). When the magnetic coil in the magnetic particle brake is non-conductive, torque is not transmitted from the transmission unit to the driven unit. When the magnetic coil is electrified, the magnetic powder is hardened due to the attraction of the magnetic force, and the torque is transmitted between continuous sliding. The magnetic powder brake is an automatic control element with excellent performance, and uses magnetic powder as working medium and changes the magnitude of exciting current as control mode to attain the goal of controlling brake or transmitting torque. The torque of the magnetic powder brake is in a linear direct proportion relation with the magnitude of the exciting current, so that the magnitude of the torque can be adjusted by changing the magnitude of the exciting current, and the purpose of controlling the magnitude of the resistance of the magnetic powder brake is achieved.
Furthermore, the three asynchronous motors, the magnetic powder brake and the brake disc are respectively connected with the base through a bracket.
Furthermore, the brake disc is connected with an air-pressure disc brake. The invention also discloses a method for simulating air braking of a motor train unit by using an air-compression disc brake similar to brake shoe braking, which is part of a simplified structure according to the theory and the actual working condition of traction braking of the motor train unit. When the running speed of the motor train unit is reduced to be insufficient in regenerative braking, air braking is adopted, the air-pressure disc brake is tightened, and the brake slice slowly stops rotating, so that braking and parking are realized, and the simulation effect of air braking is achieved.
Further, the air disc brake is connected to the base through a bracket.
Furthermore, the three asynchronous motors are connected with the shaft through gear reducers.
Further, the gear reducer is connected to the base through a bracket.
Furthermore, a shaft coupling for connecting different shaft sections is arranged on the shaft.
Further, bearings with seats are respectively arranged between the three asynchronous motors and the inertia flywheel and between the magnetic powder brake and the inertia flywheel and outside the shaft.
Further, a shaft sleeve is arranged between the bearing with the seat and the inertia flywheel.
Further, the seated bearing is connected to the base by a bracket.
The motor train unit traction and braking experiment model device can enable students at school to master the principle of motor train unit traction and braking equipment and a method for testing, analyzing and fault judging in a convenient mode by simplifying and simulating the structure of an actual motor train unit. The system mainly comprises two parts, namely traction faults and brake faults, and comprises pantograph faults, main transformer failures, grid-side converter faults, motor converters, three asynchronous motor faults and the like when the traction faults are simulated; the simulated brake faults include electric brake failure, air brake system (air-pressure disc brake) failure, traction transformer failure, brake controller (brake disc) failure, and the like.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations according to the general knowledge and conventional practice in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention as described above.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a model device for a test of traction braking of a bullet train according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the rim pull force and the rim linear velocity in the example.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a model device for a traction brake experiment of a bullet train, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises three asynchronous motors 1 connected with a base 9 through a bracket 12, wherein the three asynchronous motors 1 are respectively connected with an inertia flywheel 5 and a magnetic powder brake 8 connected with the base 9 through the bracket 12 through a gear reducer 2 and a warp beam 6. The gear reducer 2 is connected to the base 9 through a bracket 12. The outer side of the shaft 6 between the three asynchronous motors 1 and the inertia flywheel 5 is provided with a bearing 11 with a seat, and different shaft ends are connected into the complete shaft 6 through a coupling 3. Between the magnetic powder brake 8 and the inertia flywheel 5, a brake disc 7 and a bearing 11 with a seat are arranged through a shaft 6 provided with a coupling 3, and the brake disc 7 is connected with an air compression disc brake 10 and then connected to a base 9 through a bracket 12. A bushing 4 is provided between the flywheel 5 and each of the seated bearings 11, and each of the seated bearings 11 is connected to the base 9 by a bracket 12.
According to the invention, according to the theory and the actual working condition of the traction brake of the motor train, proper hardware is selected to construct an experimental model, and the basic forms of the traction process, the regenerative brake process and the air brake of the motor train are reserved and simulated in the model structure, so that the model can simulate a corresponding experimental scene according to the possible faults and the actual working condition. Meanwhile, the experimental model also simplifies and omits a part of the structure of the motor train unit in the traction braking process, such as simulating the body of the motor train unit by inertia load through the inertia flywheel 5 in the regenerative braking process of the motor train unit, simulating the resistance in the starting process of the motor train unit and the resistance which can be met under different running conditions through different resistances of the magnetic powder brake 8, simulating the air braking of the motor train unit through the air-pressure disc brake 10 similar to brake shoe braking, and the like. The resistance comprises a basic resistance and an additional resistance, a corresponding resistance value is obtained through theoretical calculation, and the magnetic powder brake 8 is used for simulating the resistance, wherein the additional resistance mainly comprises: ramp additional resistance, curve additional resistance, and tunnel additional resistance.
When the experimental model is simplified and omitted, the rotation inertia of the bullet train needs to be converted. The conversion of the rotational inertia of the motor train refers to the simplification of the running motor train into a model which simultaneously performs horizontal motion and rotary motion. The basic principle is to keep the kinetic energy of the motor train unchanged before and after conversion.
The motor car kinetic energy calculation formula is as follows:
E
k: kinetic energy of the bullet train, unit: kJ;
m: total mass of the motor train, unit: t;
v: bullet train speed, unit: km/h;
i: wheel set moment of inertia, unit: kg/m
2；
ω: wheel set rotational angular velocity, unit: rad/s;
due to the fact that
R
kThe radius of the rotary motion when the motor car runs is as follows:
in the formula
The gamma of the motor train unit is generally 0.08, which is the rotation mass coefficient of the train;
thus, at an initial velocity v
0In the process of starting braking, the initial energy of the bullet train is as follows:
the kinetic energy of the output shaft of the traction motor (three asynchronous motors) is as follows:
in practical engineering, the angular velocity omega is replaced by the common rotating speed n, and the flywheel moment GD is used
2To represent the moment of inertia J, i.e.:
n: motor speed, unit: r/min;
GD
2: moment of flywheel, N.m
2；
g: acceleration of gravity, g ═ 9.81m/s
2；
Thus, the following results were obtained:
let W be 1000E
k0Obtaining:
according to the industry standard, when a 5-move 3-tow vehicle is on-duty, the vehicle mass is 474t, the running speed is 200km/h, the transmission ratio i is 3.71, and the wheel diameter D is 875mm (assuming half wear), then:
thus: GD (GD) device
2＝279357N·m
2；
For economic and market reasons, two z 1125 flywheels were selected and welded to form the inertial flywheel 5 required for the model, with a total weight of 76kg and an external diameter of 432mm, obtaining:
and finally obtaining: GD (GD) device
2＝J·4g＝69.57N·m
2；
Through the calculation, the actual running condition of the motor train can be reduced and simulated in proportion, so that an experimental model is built.
When the simulated motor train unit is started, the three asynchronous motors 1 run, and the working voltage frequency of the three asynchronous motors 1 is changed through the frequency converter, so that the state from constant torque starting of the three asynchronous motors 1 to constant power working of the motors is achieved. The magnetic powder brake 8 simulates starting resistance by controlling the size of exciting current, so that the starting simulation of the motor train unit is completed.
When the running state of the motor train unit is simulated and the resistance of the motor train unit in the running process needs to be simulated, the resistance is changed by changing the exciting current of the magnetic powder brake 8.
By using traction force of the rim of the bullet train and linear speed of the rimThe relationship curve represents the traction characteristic of the motor train, and is the most important characteristic of the motor train. FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a relationship curve between rim traction and rim linear velocity of the experimental model device of the present invention, which is in a low velocity range (V) of 0-50 km/h
N50km/h), the traction of the motor train unit is limited by starting current, and the motor train unit operates in constant torque (F)
kConstant); within a speed range of 50-200 km/h (V)
max200km/h), the traction force of the motor train unit is limited by the power of the traction motor, and the traction force is reduced along with the increase of the speed, so that the motor train unit operates at constant power. The relationship between the force and the speed of the bullet train during running is fully represented by the curve relationship between the traction force of the bullet train and the linear velocity of the bullet train, and theoretical support is provided for simulating the running state of the bullet train through an experimental model device.
When the motor train unit brakes, regenerative braking, also called feedback braking, is generally adopted. The kinetic energy of the motor car can be converted and stored during braking; rather than becoming useless heat. The regenerative braking switches the motor into the generator to run under the braking working condition, the inertia of the motor car is utilized to drive the rotor of the motor to rotate so as to generate reaction torque, and a part of kinetic energy or potential energy is converted into electric energy to be stored or utilized. When the regenerative braking of the motor train unit is simulated, the three asynchronous motors 1 are converted into generators to work, the inertia flywheel 5 transmits the mechanical energy stored before to the generators at the moment, and the mechanical energy on the generator shaft is converted into electric energy transmitted to the resistance box by the stator winding at the moment, so that the simulation of the regenerative braking is completed.
When the running speed of the motor train unit is reduced to be insufficient in regenerative braking, air braking is adopted, the air-pressure disc brake 10 is tightened, and the brake slice slowly stops rotating, so that braking and stopping are realized, and the simulation effect of air braking is achieved.
The magnetic particle brake 8 includes a transmission unit (input shaft) and a driven unit (output shaft). The space between the two sets of cells is filled with granular magnetic powder (about 40 microns in volume). When the magnetic coil in the magnetic particle brake 8 is not conducting, torque is not transmitted from the transmission unit to the driven unit. When the magnetic coil is electrified, the magnetic powder is hardened due to the attraction of the magnetic force, and the torque is transmitted between continuous sliding. The magnetic powder brake 8 is an automatic control element with excellent performance, and uses magnetic powder as a working medium and changes the magnitude of exciting current as a control mode to achieve the purpose of controlling braking or transmitting torque. The torque of the magnetic powder brake 8 is in a linear direct proportion relation with the size of the exciting current, so that the torque can be adjusted by changing the size of the exciting current, and the aim of controlling the resistance of the magnetic powder brake 8 is fulfilled.
The experimental model device can learn the principles of traction and braking of the motor car and also can learn the fault analysis and judgment of the motor car, mainly comprises two parts of traction fault and braking fault, and comprises pantograph fault, main transformer failure, grid-side converter fault, motor converter and three-phase asynchronous motor 1 fault and the like when the traction fault is simulated; the simulated brake faults include electric brake failure, air brake system (air-pressure disc brake 10) failure, traction transformer failure, brake controller (brake disc 7) failure, and the like.
Claims (10)
1. The experimental model device for the traction braking of the bullet train is characterized in that: the magnetic powder brake is characterized by comprising three asynchronous motors (1) connected with a base (9), wherein the three asynchronous motors (1) are respectively connected with an inertia flywheel (5) and a magnetic powder brake (8) through shafts (6), and a brake disc (7) connected with the magnetic powder brake (8) is further arranged.
2. The experimental model device for traction braking of bullet train as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the three asynchronous motors (1), the magnetic powder brake (8) and the brake disc (7) are respectively connected with the base through a support (12).
3. The experimental model device for traction braking of bullet train as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the brake disc (7) is connected with an air compression disc type brake (10).
4. The experimental model device for traction braking of bullet train as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the air-compressing disc brake (10) is connected to the base (9) through a bracket (12).
5. The experimental model device for traction braking of bullet train as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the three asynchronous motors (1) are connected with a shaft (6) through gear reducers (2).
6. The experimental model device for traction braking of bullet train as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the gear reducer (2) is connected to the base (9) through a support (12).
7. The experimental model device for traction braking of bullet train as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shaft (6) is provided with a coupling (3) connected with different shaft sections.
8. The experimental model device for traction braking of bullet train as claimed in claim 1, wherein: bearings (11) with seats are respectively arranged between the three asynchronous motors (1) and the inertia flywheel (5) and between the magnetic powder brake (8) and the inertia flywheel (5) outside the shaft (6).
9. The experimental model device for traction braking of bullet train as claimed in claim 8, wherein: a shaft sleeve (4) is arranged between the bearing with a seat (11) and the inertia flywheel (5).
10. The experimental model device for traction braking of bullet train as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the seated bearing (11) is connected to the base (9) by a bracket (12).
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Application publication date: 20200211 |