CN110777820B - Construction method for performing ecological protection on stone slope by adopting composite vegetation concrete - Google Patents
Construction method for performing ecological protection on stone slope by adopting composite vegetation concrete Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110777820B CN110777820B CN201911107541.3A CN201911107541A CN110777820B CN 110777820 B CN110777820 B CN 110777820B CN 201911107541 A CN201911107541 A CN 201911107541A CN 110777820 B CN110777820 B CN 110777820B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- slope
- water
- spraying
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method for performing ecological protection on a rocky slope by adopting composite vegetation concrete, which comprises the following steps of 1) clearing the slope; 2) carrying out net hanging construction; 3) spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete, forming a rough anchoring bottom layer below the wire netting, and spraying every 1.0-3.5m from top to bottom along the slope surface to form an intercepting table which extends along the transverse direction and has an upward protruding height exceeding the wire netting by at least 20 mm; 4) spraying a porous hardening material, wherein the spraying thickness is not less than 30mm, and forming a middle porous layer; 5) spraying covering filler, and then spraying water or sprinkling water for settlement to form an upper planting layer; 6) and (5) maintenance management. The construction method adopts jet construction, forms a rough anchoring bottom layer, a middle porous layer and a surface planting layer on the surface of the stone slope, has strong binding force with the stone slope and the layers, high stability, high planting speed and small water, soil and matrix loss, and is suitable for ecological protection construction of the stone slope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slope ecological protection, and particularly relates to a construction method for performing rocky slope ecological protection by adopting composite vegetation concrete.
Background
With the development of economy and social progress, the construction of fierce and sound infrastructures such as roads, railways, riverways, bridges, coastal ports, water conservancy dams and the like is actively developed in various places, due to the excavation and backfilling of a large number of earth and stone sides, the original landforms of construction areas and the periphery are changed to a great extent, the vegetation communities and ecological diversity of the earth surface are destroyed, a plurality of bare rocky side slopes and poor soil side slopes are formed, the side slopes are difficult to restore slope vegetation in a short time by means of natural force, serious water and soil loss, rockfall and ecosystem degradation are easily caused, even the landslide, mud-rock flow and other geological disasters are caused, and great potential safety hazards exist, so that engineering protection needs to be carried out on the bare side slopes.
The method for slope protection of the traditional engineering comprises the steps of manual plastering of cement mortar, concrete guniting slope protection, concrete grouting and the like, and the problems of the prior art are as follows: when the temperature changes, the temperature difference exists between the inside and the outside of the concrete, so that the shrinkage and expansion degrees are different, and the cracking is easy to generate; easy weathering and corrosion; destroy the ecological environment of the side slope, keep the grass on the surface of the side slope and the like. The traditional engineering slope protection method has poor effect, and a series of ecological slope protection methods are developed by people aiming at the problems.
The side slope ecological protection is to a large amount of bare side slope phenomena that appear in the engineering construction such as urban road, highway, railway, water conservancy, take engineering measures, carry out engineering protection and ecological greening treatment to the bare side slope, adopt the plant bank protection to reach the purpose that prevents side slope destruction, soil erosion, the conservation water source, air-purifying, beautify the environment, have functions such as maintaining ecosystem and biological diversity simultaneously, improve traffic safety, noise reduction, abundant view culture. The plant slope protection is a new technology for stabilizing the rock-soil slope by utilizing the principle that vegetation contains water and fixes soil, and beautifying the ecological environment, and has the main significance of solving the contradiction between slope engineering construction and ecological environment damage, reducing the pore water pressure of a slope body through the anchoring effect of deep roots and the reinforcement effect of shallow roots, intercepting rainfall, weakening splash erosion, controlling soil particle loss, improving the environmental function, recovering the damaged ecological environment, reducing noise and light pollution, ensuring driving safety, promoting the degradation of organic pollutants, purifying the atmosphere, adjusting microclimate and further having the landscape function.
At present, slope ecological protection methods mainly include turf transplantation, broadcast sowing mixed planting, plant fiber blanket laying, net hanging spray seeding, plant biological bag laying and the like, the method has a good application effect in low and/or relatively slow soil slopes, but for poor soil-rock slopes or stone slopes, a slope surface is directly provided with geotechnical materials in combination with a plant slope protection technology, the problems that the speed of matrix shedding loss (or matrix layer shedding loss) is high, the difficulty in retaining nutrient moisture is high, plant rooting is blocked, the plants are easy to wither and the like often exist, and a stable slope plant community is difficult to quickly establish.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method for performing ecological protection on a rocky slope by adopting composite vegetation concrete, which solves the problems that the existing ecological slope protection matrix is high in shedding and loss speed and plants are difficult to root and fix and plant quickly.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a construction method for performing stone slope ecological protection by adopting composite vegetation concrete comprises the following steps:
1) slope surface cleaning: removing impurities, floating soil, broken stones and dangerous stones on the slope surface, and flattening the protrusion of the rock surface;
2) and (3) hanging a net: laying a galvanized wire net along the slope from top to bottom, wherein the distance between the wire net and the slope is kept between 40 and 70 mm;
3) spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete on the slope, wherein the spraying thickness is 30-60mm, forming a rough anchoring bottom layer below the wire netting, and the distance between the layer surface and the wire netting above is not less than 10 mm; on the rough anchoring bottom layer, ejecting every 1.0-3.5m from top to bottom along the slope surface to form an interception platform which extends along the transverse direction and protrudes upwards by at least 20mm higher than the iron wire net;
4) spraying a porous hardening material: before the rough anchoring bottom layer is not completely hardened, uniformly spraying a porous hardening material on the rough anchoring bottom layer, wherein the spraying thickness is not less than 30mm, and forming a middle porous layer;
5) spraying covering filler; before the middle porous layer is not completely hardened, uniformly spraying covering filler containing plant seeds on the middle porous layer, and then spraying water or sprinkling water to settle the covering filler to form an upper planting layer with the thickness of not less than 30 mm;
6) and (5) maintenance management.
The bottom layer anchoring concrete mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 82-85 parts of cement, 15-18 parts of fly ash, 260 parts of coarse aggregate, 140 parts of fine aggregate, 10-15 parts of rubber powder, 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent and 0.8-1.0 part of liquid accelerator, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.41-0.45.
Wherein the rubber powder is waste tire rubber powder with the granularity of 30-60 meshes.
The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent; the liquid accelerator is an aluminum sulfate type liquid accelerator.
The preparation method of the bottom layer anchoring concrete comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the cement, the rubber powder and the fly ash according to the formula ratio to obtain a first rubber material; adding 1/2 formula amount of water into the formula amount of coarse aggregate, stirring for 20-30s, adding the obtained first sizing material, the formula amount of fine aggregate and the water reducing agent, continuously stirring for 20-30s, adding the liquid accelerating agent and the rest water, and stirring for 40-50s to obtain the cement mortar.
The porous hardening material mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 70-75 parts of cement, 25-30 parts of fly ash, 200 parts of 190-shaped coarse aggregate, 410 parts of 400-shaped 10-20mm ceramsite, 15-20 parts of 10-20mm short straw material, 30-35 parts of 40-50mm long straw material, 0.5-0.7 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent and 0.31-0.35 of water-to-glue ratio.
Wherein the ceramsite is sludge-based ceramsite with the bulk density of 500-800kg/m3The saturated water absorption is not less than 20%.
The short straw material and the long straw material are wheat straws or rice straws, are cut into designed lengths before use, are soaked in a polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 5.0-6.0% for 12-14h, and are fished out and drained for later use.
The preparation method of the porous hardening material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the fly ash and the 1/2 cement to obtain a second sizing material; mixing the rest cement with the short straw materials according to the formula amount, adding water according to the proportion of 0.31-0.35 of the water-to-gel ratio to prepare straw cement colloid, mixing the obtained straw cement colloid with the ceramsite according to the formula amount, stirring to enable the surface of the ceramsite to be coated with the glue, adding the second glue material, the coarse aggregate, the water reducing agent and the long straw materials according to the formula amount, continuously stirring for 20-30s, adding the rest water in which the carboxymethyl cellulose according to the formula amount is dissolved, and stirring for 40-50s to obtain the composite material;
the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds and the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 40-50 parts of activated sludge, 8-10 parts of fly ash, 70-75 parts of rice hulls, 70-75 parts of 3-10mm straw particles, 3-5 parts of a water-retaining agent and 3-5 parts of a compound fertilizer; the water content of the covering filler is 60-65%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.3.
Wherein the activated sludge is excess sludge of a secondary sedimentation tank of a municipal domestic sewage treatment plant, and the water content is 40%.
The water-retaining agent is an ammonium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, and the water absorption rate is more than 100.
The preparation method of the covering filler comprises the following steps: mixing the soil, the activated sludge, the fly ash, the rice hulls, the straw crushed aggregates, the water-retaining agent and the slow-release compound fertilizer according to the formula ratio, and adjusting the water content and the pH value to obtain the fertilizer.
The porous hardening material and the covering filler form upper layer planting concrete; the bottom layer anchoring concrete and the upper layer planting concrete form the stone slope ecological protection composite vegetation concrete.
Further, in the construction method, when the slope is cleaned in the step 1), the concave part of the slope does not need to be embedded and repaired, and in the step 3), the bottom layer anchoring concrete is directly sprayed and filled.
And 3) before uniformly spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete on the slope surface, spraying water to wet the dry slope surface.
In the step 3), the width of the interception platform is not less than 20 mm.
In the step 3), a drainage port for downward drainage is arranged on the interception platform according to requirements.
And 6) the maintenance management is to cover a shading net or non-woven fabric on the surface of the upper layer of the fixed planting layer, watering and maintaining until the plant grows to 5-6cm high or 2-3 leaves grow, and then uncovering the shading net or the non-woven fabric.
According to the construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by adopting the composite vegetation concrete, the slope is cleaned only by leveling the protrusion of the rock surface, the depression of the slope is not required to be embedded and repaired, and the slope is subsequently filled by directly spraying the bottom anchoring concrete; spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete after the construction of the net hanging, forming a rough anchoring bottom layer with the bottom surface firmly bonded with the stone slope surface and the uneven surface below the wire netting, spraying an interception platform which extends along the transverse direction and has the upward protruding height exceeding the wire netting by at least 20mm from top to bottom on the rough anchoring bottom layer every 0.5-2.5m along the slope surface, and directly condensing the interception platform and the wire netting together to play roles of anchoring the wire netting and intercepting water and soil; uniformly spraying porous hardening materials on the rough anchoring bottom layer to form a middle porous layer, providing a space for plant root systems to grow and squat, and coiling and intertwining the plant root systems and the middle porous layer to play a role of planting; and uniformly spraying covering filler containing plant seeds on the middle porous layer, spraying water or sprinkling water to enable the covering filler to settle, enabling part of the covering filler to enter the middle porous layer, conserving water and soil, and forming an upper planting layer above the covering filler to provide substrates and nutrients for plant seed germination and upward growth.
The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by adopting the composite vegetation concrete can form a rough anchoring bottom layer, a middle porous layer and a surface planting layer on the surface of the rocky slope, the strength and the binding power are gradually reduced from bottom to top, and the porosity and the nutrient content are gradually increased; the obtained composite concrete layer has strong binding force with the rocky slope and the layers on the whole, high stability, high planting speed and small loss of water, soil and matrix, and is suitable for ecological protection construction of rocky slopes.
Further, the bottom anchoring concrete in the composite vegetation concrete mainly comprises water, cement, fly ash, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, rubber powder, a water reducing agent and a liquid accelerating agent, wherein the water-to-rubber ratio is 0.41-0.45. The cement is a main cementing material, and the fly ash has the functions of reducing the alkalinity of the concrete and preventing plants from burning roots on one hand, and increasing the compactness of the concrete and improving the bonding strength between the concrete and the base rock surface on the other hand. The particle size collocation and the dosage proportion of the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are scientifically designed and reasonably regulated, the cementum is higher, on the basis of ensuring the higher compressive strength of concrete, after the cementum is sprayed on a smooth stone slope, the coarse aggregate forms bulges on the surface of a thin anchoring bottom layer to form a rough surface which is uneven and staggered with canine teeth, and the effective combination area with an upper layer is increased. Thereby improving the bonding force with the upper layer; the fine aggregate and the rubber powder interact with the cementing material, and are deposited and filled in the aggregate gaps of the bottom layer, so that the contact area with the rocky slope is increased, and the bonding strength between the anchoring bottom layer and the basement rock surface is improved. The addition of the rubber powder can also improve the frost resistance and the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete. The liquid accelerator has the effects of improving the initial setting property of concrete and shortening the setting time, is particularly suitable for the injection construction of steep stone slopes, and can be quickly cured and set after the bottom layer anchoring concrete is injected to a steep smooth slope surface, be bonded with the stone slope surface, not slide down and roll down and be easy to inject construction. Through the mutual matching and coordination of the components, the bottom layer anchoring concrete used by the invention has high strength, good compactness, strong adhesion with the rocky and lithologic side slope, firm combination and high condensation speed, and a thin layer is sprayed on the surface of the smooth rocky side slope to form an anchoring bottom layer with firm bottom surface adhesion and rough and uneven surface, thereby laying a good foundation for the field planting of the upper layer concrete.
In the composite vegetation concrete, the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardening material and a covering filler; the porous hardening material mainly comprises water, cement, fly ash, coarse aggregate, ceramsite, short straw material, long straw material, carboxymethyl cellulose and a water reducing agent. The addition of the fly ash is further increased, the alkalinity of the formed porous hardened layer is further reduced, and the method is suitable for plant root planting and squash rolling. The particle size collocation and the quantity ratio scientific design of coarse aggregate and haydite, reasonable modulation, the jiao gu is lower, and coarse aggregate is used for guaranteeing the intensity on porous sclerosis layer, and the haydite is used for increasing the porosity on sclerosis layer, reducing the quality on sclerosis layer, improves the ventilation culvert ability on sclerosis layer. The short straw materials and the long straw materials are doped into the hardened materials as organic matters, so that the toughness and the porosity of a hardened layer are improved on one hand, and on the other hand, the short straw materials and the long straw materials are used as standby nutrition for plant growth, so that long-term nutrients of plants are maintained, and the short straw materials and the long straw materials are gradually degraded in the later period, so that the space is reserved in a plant root system. Meanwhile, the long straw materials can be entangled with the slope net hanging in the spraying process, so that the stability of the porous hardened layer is improved; the fiber length of the long material of the straw is long, the surface of the sprayed thin layer forms a galling effect, the surface of the porous hardened layer is uneven and provided with a galling fringe, the interception effect on the upper covering and filling layer is good, the substrates are entangled with each other, and water and soil loss is not easy. The carboxymethyl cellulose is used as a thickening agent, so that the porous hardening material has continuity during spraying, is moderate in cohesiveness and fluidity and is easy to spray. Through the mutual matching and coordination of the components, the porous hardening material used by the invention can form a hardening layer with moderate strength, high porosity and a large number of open pores after being sprayed, and the U is firmly combined with the rough anchoring bottom layer, is porous and light, and is not easy to slide down and roll off; the porous structure of the fertilizer is easy for planting and extending of plant roots, has sufficient nutrition, can contain water and is not easy to accumulate water, and is suitable for planting plants.
In the composite vegetation concrete, the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds and soil, activated sludge, fly ash, rice hulls, straw crushed aggregates, a water-retaining agent and a compound fertilizer. The covering and filling material pellet has reasonable and moderate structure, high plant survival rate and rich nutrition, and is suitable for being used as a surface layer nutrient medium for slope ecological protection. During construction, the covering filler is sprayed on the surface of the porous hardened layer, along with the spraying process, part of the covering filler enters the porous hardened layer along the open holes on the surface of the porous hardened layer and is filled in the middle of the hardened layer, so that a passage and conditions are provided for the growth, extension and permanent planting of plant roots, and the smooth proceeding of slope planting is promoted.
In the preparation method of the composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the stone slope, the bottom layer anchoring concrete is prepared by adopting a glue wrapping method, 1/2 formula amount of water is firstly added into coarse aggregate, after the mixture is stirred and wetted, the residual dry materials are added, and finally the mixture is mixed and stirred with the liquid accelerator and the residual water, so that the obtained concrete has the characteristics of high viscosity, high strength and compactness. The porous hardened layer is formed by mixing partial cement and short straw materials to form a straw cement colloid, mixing the straw cement colloid with ceramsite to enable the ceramsite to be coated with glue, and then mixing the straw cement colloid with other raw materials to prevent the ceramsite from adsorbing a large amount of gel water when the ceramsite is directly mixed, and after the short straw materials are gradually degraded in the using process, open holes in the surface of the ceramsite are communicated with holes in the hardened layer to increase the water storage and water containing capacity of the hardened layer, so that the growth of plants is facilitated, and the drought resistance of a side slope ecosystem is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
In a specific embodiment, the cement used is a commercial P.O42.5 grade Portland cement. The main chemical components of the used fly ash are as follows according to mass percentage: SiO 22 44.6％、Al2O3 24.1％、Fe2O3 6.1％、CaO 16.9％、K2O 0.86％、Na2O 1.12％、MgO 1.68％、TiO21.05 percent. The coarse aggregate is continuous graded broken stone with nominal particle size of 5-10 mm. The fine aggregate is a mixture of medium sand (average particle diameter of 0.5-0.35mm) with fineness modulus of 3.0-2.3 and fine sand (average particle diameter of 0.35-0.25mm) with fineness modulus of 2.2-1.6 in a mass ratio of 4: 1. The rubber powder is waste tire rubber powder with the granularity of 50-60 meshes.
The water reducing agent is a commercially available polycarboxylate-type high-efficiency water reducing agent of BASF. The liquid accelerator is commercially available aluminum sulfate type liquid accelerator, specifically BASF (BASF) liquid accelerator. The water-retaining agent is a commercially available ammonium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, and the water absorption rate is 100-120. The compound fertilizer is a commercial compound fertilizer with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of 15-15-15 respectively, and the total nutrient is more than or equal to 45%. The pH regulator is limestone or calcium superphosphate.
The ceramsite is sludge-based ceramsite with the bulk density of 500-800kg/m3The saturated water absorption is not less than 20%. The soil is surface soil of highway construction site, and is crushed and sieved before use to reach grain size not greater than 10mm and water content not greater than 20%. The used activated sludge is residual sludge in a secondary sedimentation tank of a municipal domestic sewage treatment plant, and the water content is 40 percent.
The short straw materials and the long straw materials are both wheat straws (the moisture content of dried wheat straws purchased from local farmers is 15-20%), the short straw materials and the long straw materials are cut into designed lengths (the short straw materials are 10-20mm and the long straw materials are 40-50mm) before use, the short straw materials and the long straw materials are soaked in polyvinyl alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 5.0% for 12 hours, and the short straw materials and the long straw materials are fished out and drained for later use. The crushed straw is wheat straw, and is cut into 3-10mm length before use.
In the construction method of the specific embodiment, the galvanized wire netting is a machine-woven diamond hot-galvanized wire netting with the diameter of phi 2.0mm, the mesh specification is 50mm multiplied by 50mm, and the width is 3.0 m.
Example 1
The composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky side slope used in the embodiment is composed of bottom layer anchoring concrete and upper layer planting concrete;
the bottom layer anchoring concrete mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 82 parts of cement, 18 parts of fly ash, 255 parts of crushed stone with the thickness of 5-20mm, 130 parts of fine aggregate sand, 15 parts of rubber powder, 0.6 part of water reducing agent and 0.8 part of liquid accelerating agent, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.45;
the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardening material and a covering filler;
the porous hardening material mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of cement, 30 parts of fly ash, 190 parts of crushed stone of 5-20mm, 410 parts of ceramsite of 20-30mm, 20 parts of short straw material of 15-25mm, 30 parts of long straw material of 50-60mm, 1.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.35;
the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds and the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 40 parts of activated sludge, 10 parts of fly ash, 75 parts of rice hulls, 75 parts of 3-10mm straw particles, 5 parts of water-retaining agent and 4 parts of compound fertilizer.
The preparation method of the composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky slope comprises the following steps:
1) preparing bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly mixing the cement, the rubber powder and the fly ash according to the formula ratio to obtain a first rubber material; adding 1/2 formula amount of water (calculated according to the water-cement ratio) into the formula amount of crushed stone, stirring for 30s to uniformly wet the surface of the crushed stone, adding the obtained first glue material, the formula amount of sand and the water reducing agent, continuously stirring for 20s, adding the liquid accelerating agent and the rest water, and stirring for 45s to obtain the bottom layer anchoring concrete;
2) preparing a porous hardening material of the upper layer planting concrete: uniformly mixing the fly ash and the 1/2 cement to obtain a second sizing material; mixing the rest cement with the straw short material with the formula amount, adding water according to the water-to-gel ratio of 0.35 to prepare straw cement colloid, mixing the obtained straw cement colloid with the ceramsite with the formula amount, stirring to uniformly wrap the surface of the ceramsite with the glue, adding the second glue material, the crushed stone, the water reducing agent and the straw long material with the formula amount, continuously stirring for 20s, adding the rest water in which the carboxymethyl cellulose with the formula amount is dissolved, and stirring for 50s to obtain a porous hardened material;
3) preparing a covering filler for the upper layer planting concrete: the covering filler is prepared by mixing soil, activated sludge, fly ash, rice hulls, straw crushed aggregates, a water-retaining agent, a compound fertilizer and plant seeds according to the formula ratio, and adjusting the water content of a system to be 60% and the pH value to be 6.5.
The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by adopting the composite vegetation concrete comprises the following steps:
1) slope surface cleaning: removing impurities, floating soil, broken stones and dangerous stones on the slope surface, and flattening the protruding part of the rock surface; the concave part of the slope surface does not need to be embedded and repaired, and the slope surface can be cleaned;
2) and (3) hanging a net: laying a galvanized iron wire net along the slope from top to bottom, and fixing the anchor rod; an anchoring steel bar is arranged at a position 50cm inwards of the slope top to fix the wire netting, the lap joint width of the horizontal adjacent wire netting is 10cm, the lap joint width of the vertical adjacent wire netting is 15cm, the wire netting is firmly bound at intervals by using wires, and the wire netting with the length of 20cm is reserved at the slope foot and is buried in the filling soil; the distance between the wire mesh and the slope surface is kept at 60 mm;
3) spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete: after the dry slope surface is wetted by water spray, uniformly spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete on the slope surface, spraying the concrete by a nozzle which is vertical to the slope surface, wherein the distance between the nozzle and the slope surface is 1.0m, the spraying thickness is 40mm, a rough anchoring bottom layer is formed below a wire netting, and the distance between a layer surface and the wire netting above the layer surface is 20 mm; on the rough anchoring bottom layer, ejecting every 2.0m from top to bottom along the slope to form an intercepting table which extends along the transverse direction and protrudes upwards by 50mm and exceeds the iron wire net; the cross section of the interception platform is trapezoidal, and the width of the upper table top is 60 mm; the intercepting table is provided with a water outlet for downward water drainage every 10m along the transverse extension direction, and the bottom of the water outlet is flush with the upper layer surface of the rough anchoring bottom layer;
4) spraying a porous hardening material: before the rough anchoring bottom layer is not completely hardened, uniformly spraying a porous hardening material on the rough anchoring bottom layer, spraying the porous hardening material by a nozzle which is vertical to the slope surface, wherein the distance between the nozzle and the slope surface is 0.8m, and the spraying thickness is 50mm to form a middle porous layer; during spraying, filling the drainage port formed in the step 3) with a porous hardening material (the drainage port is flush with the porous layer of the middle layer);
5) spraying covering filler; before the middle porous layer is not completely hardened, uniformly spraying covering filler containing plant seeds on the middle porous layer, spraying the covering filler by a nozzle perpendicular to the slope surface, wherein the distance between the nozzle and the slope surface is 0.6m, and spraying water or sprinkling water after spraying to settle the covering filler to form an upper planting layer with the thickness of 50 mm;
6) maintenance management: covering non-woven fabrics on the surface of the upper layer planting layer, watering and maintaining until the plant grows to 5-6cm high or 2-3 leaves grow out, and removing the non-woven fabrics.
Example 2
The composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky side slope used in the embodiment is composed of bottom layer anchoring concrete and upper layer planting concrete;
the bottom layer anchoring concrete mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 84 parts of cement, 16 parts of fly ash, 260 parts of crushed stone with the thickness of 5-20mm, 130 parts of fine aggregate sand, 10 parts of rubber powder, 0.7 part of water reducing agent and 0.8 part of liquid accelerator, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.45;
the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardening material and a covering filler;
the porous hardening material mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 73 parts of cement, 27 parts of fly ash, 195 parts of crushed stone of 5-20mm, 405 parts of ceramsite of 20-30mm, 17 parts of short straw material of 15-25mm, 33 parts of long straw material of 50-60mm, 1.2 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.35;
the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds and the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 45 parts of activated sludge, 9 parts of fly ash, 72 parts of rice hulls, 73 parts of 3-10mm straw crushed materials, 4 parts of water-retaining agents and 4 parts of compound fertilizers.
The preparation method of the composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky slope comprises the following steps:
1) preparing bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly mixing the cement, the rubber powder and the fly ash according to the formula ratio to obtain a first rubber material; adding 1/2 formula amount of water into the formula amount of gravel, stirring for 20s to uniformly wet the surface of the gravel, adding the obtained first glue stock, the formula amount of sand and the water reducing agent, continuously stirring for 30s, adding the liquid accelerating agent and the rest water, and stirring for 40s to obtain the bottom layer anchoring concrete;
2) preparing a porous hardening material of the upper layer planting concrete: uniformly mixing the fly ash and the 1/2 cement to obtain a second sizing material; mixing the rest cement with the straw short material with the formula amount, adding water according to the proportion of 0.35 of the water-to-gel ratio to prepare straw cement colloid, mixing the obtained straw cement colloid with the ceramsite with the formula amount, stirring to uniformly wrap the surface of the ceramsite with the glue, adding the second glue material, the crushed stone, the water reducing agent and the straw long material with the formula amount, continuously stirring for 30s, adding the rest water in which the carboxymethyl cellulose with the formula amount is dissolved, and stirring for 40s to obtain the straw cement colloid;
3) preparing a covering filler for the upper layer planting concrete: the covering filler is prepared by mixing soil, activated sludge, fly ash, rice hulls, straw crushed aggregates, a water-retaining agent, a compound fertilizer and plant seeds according to the formula ratio, and adjusting the water content of a system to be 60% and the pH value to be 6.5.
The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by using the composite vegetation concrete is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Example 3
The composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky side slope used in the embodiment is composed of bottom layer anchoring concrete and upper layer planting concrete;
the bottom layer anchoring concrete mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts of cement, 15 parts of fly ash, 250 parts of crushed stone with the thickness of 5-15mm, 140 parts of fine aggregate sand, 10 parts of rubber powder, 0.8 part of water reducing agent and 0.8 part of liquid accelerating agent, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.45;
the upper layer planting concrete comprises a porous hardening material and a covering filler;
the porous hardening material mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of cement, 25 parts of fly ash, 200 parts of crushed stone of 5-20mm, 400 parts of ceramsite of 20-30mm, 15 parts of short straw material of 15-25mm, 35 parts of long straw material of 50-60mm, 1.0 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.35;
the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds and the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 50 parts of activated sludge, 8 parts of fly ash, 70 parts of rice hulls, 70 parts of 3-10mm straw particles, 3 parts of water-retaining agents and 4 parts of compound fertilizers.
The preparation method of the composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of the rocky slope comprises the following steps:
1) preparing bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly mixing the cement, the rubber powder and the fly ash according to the formula ratio to obtain a first rubber material; adding 1/2 formula amount of water into the formula amount of crushed stone, stirring for 25s to uniformly wet the surface of the crushed stone, adding the obtained first glue stock, the formula amount of sand and the water reducing agent, continuously stirring for 25s, adding the liquid accelerating agent and the rest water, and stirring for 50s to obtain the bottom layer anchoring concrete;
2) preparing a porous hardening material of the upper layer planting concrete: uniformly mixing the fly ash and the 1/2 cement to obtain a second sizing material; mixing the rest cement with the straw short material with the formula amount, adding water according to the proportion of 0.31-0.35 of the water-to-gel ratio to prepare straw cement colloid, mixing the obtained straw cement colloid with the ceramsite with the formula amount, stirring to enable the surface of the ceramsite to be uniformly coated with the glue, adding the second glue material, the crushed stone, the water reducing agent and the straw long material with the formula amount, continuously stirring for 25s, adding the rest water in which the carboxymethyl cellulose with the formula amount is dissolved, and stirring for 45s to obtain the composite material;
3) preparing a covering filler for the upper layer planting concrete: the covering filler is prepared by mixing soil, activated sludge, fly ash, rice hulls, straw crushed aggregates, a water-retaining agent, a compound fertilizer and plant seeds according to the formula ratio, and adjusting the water content of a system to be 60% and the pH value to be 6.5.
The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by using the composite vegetation concrete is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
Experimental example 1
The performance of the composite vegetation concrete obtained in examples 1 to 3 was measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
Wherein, the soil aggregate structure is determined by adopting a dry screening method: taking a 1kg soil sample, sleeving sieve groups (with the aperture of 10mm, 5mm, 2mm, 1mm, 0.5mm and 0.25mm) of a granule analyzer in the order from top to bottom, pouring the soil on the uppermost layer, shaking the sieve groups, respectively weighing the mass of the air-dried soil in each sieve group, and calculating the mass ratio.
Table 1 results of measuring properties of the composite vegetation concrete obtained in examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from Table 1, the 28d compressive strength of the bottom anchoring concrete in the composite vegetation concrete obtained in examples 1 to 3 was 36.55MPa or moreIn addition, the concrete/rock bonding strength (shear strength) reaches more than 4.15MPa, the porosity is only 5.09% -5.47%, the high-strength high-viscosity low-porosity concrete/rock bonding anchoring device has the characteristics of high strength, high viscosity and low porosity, has a strong anchoring effect on a steep rocky slope, can form an anchoring bottom layer with a rough surface on the surface of the rocky slope, and lays a good foundation for planting of upper nutrient substrates and plant seeds. The 28d compressive strength of the porous hardening material in the planting concrete reaches more than 25.91MPa, the bonding strength (shear strength) of the formed middle porous layer and the rough anchoring bottom layer reaches more than 3.44MPa, the porosity is 34.88-36.17%, the porosity is high, and the planting concrete has more open pores, is ventilated and permeable, and can promote the stretching and planting of the plant root system. The volume weight of the planting concrete is 1.18-1.25g/cm3The granular structure is reasonable and moderate, the survival rate of plants is high, the nutrition is rich, and the granular structure is suitable for being used as a surface layer nutrient medium for slope ecological protection.
Experimental example 2
The effectiveness and reliability of the composite vegetation concrete and the construction method for protecting the ecological environment of the rocky slope of the composite vegetation concrete are detected through a simulated slope experiment established outdoors. In the experiment, 3 simulated side slopes with the slope surface size of 5m multiplied by 6m are arranged on an open land in an outdoor open environment, the slope rates are respectively 1:1.25, 1:1 and 1:0.75 and are respectively marked as a simulated side slope I, a simulated side slope II and a simulated side slope III. The slope surface is paved by adopting masonry, and is subjected to joint filling and plastering by cement to obtain a lithologic smooth slope surface, so that the condition of a rocky side slope is simulated. And arranging corresponding collecting grooves at the slope bottoms of the simulated side slopes for collecting the matrix lost from the slope surfaces.
The experimental contents are as follows: ecological protection construction is carried out on the simulated side slope I, the simulated side slope II and the simulated side slope III by respectively adopting the composite vegetation concrete and the stone side slope ecological protection construction method in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3. After covering with the nonwoven fabric, normal maintenance (watering once every morning); collecting the soil in the collecting tank every 30 days, drying, calculating the mass ratio of the soil to the initial sprayed vegetation concrete, and calculating the plant coverage rate. The results are shown in Table 2.
Wherein the plant seeds are grass-shrub mixed seeds, the mass ratio of the grass seeds to shrub seeds is 7:3, and the grass seeds are herbaceousThe seeds are a mixture of bermudagrass, tall fescue and alfalfa in a mass ratio of 6:3:1, and the shrub seeds are a mixture of amorpha fruticosa and negundo chastetree in a mass ratio of 2: 1; the dosage of the plant seeds is 25g/m2(slope).
Table 2 experimental results of the composite vegetation concrete and construction method for ecological protection of rocky slope thereof according to embodiments 1 to 3
Note: since the bottom layer anchoring concrete and the upper layer porous hardening material hardly run off after spray hardening (no bottom layer/middle layer concrete fragments were found in the collection tank in the experiment), no calculation is performed here.
As can be seen from table 2, the composite vegetation concrete and the construction method for ecological protection of rocky slopes thereof according to examples 1 to 3 have high germination rate and good growth status; after construction, the biological coverage rate of the rocky slope in 2 months reaches over 90 percent, and the vegetation of the rocky slope can be completely covered in 3 months. In an outdoor open environment, each layer of the composite vegetation concrete on the stone slope surface is complete in structure, relative displacement and sliding do not exist between the rough anchoring bottom layer and the slope surface, and between the middle porous layer and the rough anchoring bottom layer, rain wash resistance is achieved, and stability is high; when the rocky slope is fully covered by vegetation, the loss of the covering filler on the surface layer is very small; in the later stage, because the vegetation covers the slope completely, the loss of the matrix is further reduced, and the method has a good protective effect on the rocky slope.
Claims (6)
1. A construction method for performing ecological protection on stone side slopes by adopting composite vegetation concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) slope surface cleaning: removing impurities, floating soil, broken stones and dangerous stones on the slope surface, and flattening the protrusion of the rock surface;
2) and (3) hanging a net: laying a galvanized wire net along the slope from top to bottom, wherein the distance between the wire net and the slope is kept between 40 and 70 mm;
3) spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete: uniformly spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete on the slope, wherein the spraying thickness is 30-60mm, forming a rough anchoring bottom layer below the wire netting, and the distance between the layer surface and the wire netting above is not less than 10 mm; on the rough anchoring bottom layer, ejecting every 1.0-3.5m from top to bottom along the slope surface to form an interception platform which extends along the transverse direction and protrudes upwards by at least 20mm higher than the iron wire net; the bottom layer anchoring concrete mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 82-85 parts of cement, 15-18 parts of fly ash, 260 parts of coarse aggregate, 140 parts of fine aggregate, 10-15 parts of rubber powder, 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent and 0.8-1.0 part of liquid accelerator, wherein the water-to-gel ratio is 0.41-0.45;
4) spraying a porous hardening material: before the rough anchoring bottom layer is not completely hardened, uniformly spraying a porous hardening material on the rough anchoring bottom layer, wherein the spraying thickness is not less than 30mm, and forming a middle porous layer; the porous hardening material mainly comprises water and the following components in parts by weight: 70-75 parts of cement, 25-30 parts of fly ash, 200 parts of 190-sand aggregate, 410 parts of 10-20mm ceramsite, 15-20 parts of 10-20mm short straw material, 30-35 parts of 40-50mm long straw material, 0.5-0.7 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1.0 part of water reducing agent, wherein the water-to-glue ratio is 0.31-0.35;
5) spraying covering filler; before the middle porous layer is not completely hardened, uniformly spraying covering filler containing plant seeds on the middle porous layer, and then spraying water or sprinkling water to settle the covering filler to form an upper planting layer with the thickness of not less than 30 mm; the covering filler mainly comprises water, plant seeds and the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 40-50 parts of activated sludge, 8-10 parts of fly ash, 70-75 parts of rice hulls, 70-75 parts of 3-10mm straw particles, 3-5 parts of a water-retaining agent and 3-5 parts of a compound fertilizer; the water content of the covering filler is 60-65%, and the pH value is 6.0-7.3;
6) and (5) maintenance management.
2. The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by using the composite vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein: when the slope surface is cleaned in the step 1), the concave part of the slope surface does not need to be embedded and repaired, and the step 3) is carried out by directly spraying and filling the bottom layer anchoring concrete.
3. The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by using the composite vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein: and 3) before uniformly spraying bottom layer anchoring concrete on the slope surface, spraying water to wet the dry slope surface.
4. The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by using the composite vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the width of the interception platform is not less than 20 mm.
5. The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by using the composite vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), a drainage port for downward drainage is arranged on the interception platform according to requirements.
6. The construction method for performing ecological protection on the rocky slope by using the composite vegetation concrete according to claim 1, wherein: and 6) the maintenance management is to cover a shading net or non-woven fabric on the surface of the upper layer of the fixed planting layer, watering and maintaining until the plant grows to 5-6cm high or 2-3 leaves grow, and then uncovering the shading net or the non-woven fabric.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911107541.3A CN110777820B (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Construction method for performing ecological protection on stone slope by adopting composite vegetation concrete |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911107541.3A CN110777820B (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Construction method for performing ecological protection on stone slope by adopting composite vegetation concrete |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110777820A CN110777820A (en) | 2020-02-11 |
| CN110777820B true CN110777820B (en) | 2021-12-28 |
Family
ID=69390862
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911107541.3A Active CN110777820B (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | Construction method for performing ecological protection on stone slope by adopting composite vegetation concrete |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110777820B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117296673A (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2023-12-29 | 吉林省嘉博生物科技有限公司 | Ecological restoration matrix and application method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107162521A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-09-15 | 马鞍山十七冶工程科技有限责任公司 | A kind of stalk fibre ceramsite foam concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN108191354A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-06-22 | 十九冶成都建设有限公司 | The preparation method of gunite concrete and gunite concrete |
| CN109566248A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-05 | 三峡大学 | A kind of rock matter adverse slope vegetation establishment method |
| CN110226446A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-13 | 刘晟辰 | A kind of high steep naked rock slope surface plants green system and its construction method |
-
2019
- 2019-11-13 CN CN201911107541.3A patent/CN110777820B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107162521A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-09-15 | 马鞍山十七冶工程科技有限责任公司 | A kind of stalk fibre ceramsite foam concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN108191354A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-06-22 | 十九冶成都建设有限公司 | The preparation method of gunite concrete and gunite concrete |
| CN109566248A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-05 | 三峡大学 | A kind of rock matter adverse slope vegetation establishment method |
| CN110226446A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-13 | 刘晟辰 | A kind of high steep naked rock slope surface plants green system and its construction method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110777820A (en) | 2020-02-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110698222B (en) | Composite vegetation concrete for ecological protection of stone slope and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102995843B (en) | Method for greening low-maintenance ecological slope roof | |
| CN107963838B (en) | Ecological spray anchor slope protection structure and method | |
| CN103866776B (en) | A kind of building waste gabion wall ecological bank protecting method | |
| CN104770257B (en) | Method for recovering vegetation through micropore thin films | |
| CN1383714A (en) | Mixed planting material for rocky slope and its prepn and construction process | |
| CN108360516A (en) | A kind of massif repair system and construction method based on sponge ecosystem | |
| CN102296567B (en) | Soft isolation zone method for slope protection at bank zone and surface source pollution control | |
| CN102926391A (en) | Loess slope ecological protection method | |
| CN109601272B (en) | Revegetation method for slope with slag and gravel texture | |
| CN103422488B (en) | For the fiber reinforced controlled be full of cracks structure overburden that arid area ecology builds | |
| CN111593748A (en) | Ecological protection structure of broken rock abrupt slope and construction method thereof | |
| CN113396795B (en) | Foreign soil and soil layer structure based on river and lake bottom mud and phosphorite solid waste and preparation method | |
| CN110777820B (en) | Construction method for performing ecological protection on stone slope by adopting composite vegetation concrete | |
| CA2317216A1 (en) | System and method for slope stabilization | |
| CN110240280B (en) | Rainwater purification system of garden road greening isolation belt | |
| CN111484278A (en) | Ecological concrete, ecological protection slope and construction method of ecological protection slope | |
| JP4749493B1 (en) | Construction method of herbicide material using steelmaking slag | |
| CN101268740B (en) | Ecological protection method of shale side slope | |
| CN107044079B (en) | Plant raw foam type asphaltic road-mix surface course structure | |
| CN206752237U (en) | Stealthy passageway for fire apparatus | |
| CN113529754B (en) | Granular-body slope ecological slope protection structure and construction method | |
| CN110419373B (en) | Vegetation recovery method for treating slope by using high-steep rock quality and concrete | |
| CN113951091A (en) | A-type phosphogypsum plant growing material | |
| CN208266864U (en) | A kind of massif repair system based on sponge ecosystem |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20221215 Address after: 512000 room 1406, 14th floor, main building, Qifu building, 18 Qianjin Road, Zhenjiang District, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Guangdong Taolin ecological environment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 451200 Room 302, floor 3, unit 1, building 23, huashushijia, freight yard Road, Gongyi City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Patentee before: Wei Luping |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: 512000 room 1406, 14th floor, main building, Qifu building, 18 Qianjin Road, Zhenjiang District, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Guangdong Jiangtong Taolin Ecological Environment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 512000 room 1406, 14th floor, main building, Qifu building, 18 Qianjin Road, Zhenjiang District, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: Guangdong Taolin ecological environment Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |