CN102926391A - Loess slope ecological protection method - Google Patents
Loess slope ecological protection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102926391A CN102926391A CN2012104486645A CN201210448664A CN102926391A CN 102926391 A CN102926391 A CN 102926391A CN 2012104486645 A CN2012104486645 A CN 2012104486645A CN 201210448664 A CN201210448664 A CN 201210448664A CN 102926391 A CN102926391 A CN 102926391A
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Abstract
The invention provides a loess slope ecological protection method. The loess slope ecological protection method comprises steps as follow. Shallow consolidation of the slope face of the loess slope is performed with waterborne polyurethane. Nets are fixedly arranged on the slope face after the shallow consolidation. Vegetation growing base materials are sprayed on the slope faces after processed by the former step. A seed layer is sprayed on the slope surface sprayed with vegetation growing base materials. Due to the fact that waterborne polyurethane resin is sprayed on the slope face, the loess slope ecological protection method effectively solves the phenomenon that the slope face is loose, and the efflorescence is serious, and the integrated stability of the slope face is enhanced. Due to the fact that intercepting drains are excavated, good anti-leakage and anti-scour effect is achieved. The loess slope has good elasticity and strength, and phenomenon that the slurry masonry intercepting drains are freezing and thawing by low temperature, subside unevenly and break due to factors like runoff washing and the like. The loess slope ecological protection method reconstructs vegetation of the slope and improves road landscape patterns through the green technology of the vegetation base material spraying.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the upper soll layer field of reinforcement, be specially a kind of reinforcement means of loess slope.
Background technology
China is the country that loess distribution is the widest in the world, thickness is maximum, loess geomorphy mainly is distributed between 30 °～48 ° of north latitude westerly and on the bar shaped area in east, about 640,000 square kilometres of area, and wherein the provinces such as Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu are typical the distributional region of the Loess, distribution area is wide, and thickness is large.Not only the loess area is large in this area, and the surface water salt content is more, and vegetation is not abundant.
The vertical joints that loess has visual visible macropore and grows, when soil layer soaks or under the impact of Action of Gravity Field, loess formation itself has just lost fixed performance, usually causes strong depression and distortion.During the infrastructure constructions such as the public railway of Canal in Loess Area, irrigation and water conservancy, form a large amount of multilevel cutting side slopes, for improving the stability of side slope, ensure and usually adopt the measure of stone masonry traditional bank by the infrastructure safe operation.It is to adopt a secondary limit stone masonry mask, and the above side slope of secondary is not taked safeguard procedures after cutting the slope, and top, slope and platform are laid the protection method in stone masonry gutter.Because this area's building stones resource is relatively deficient, mostly needs long-distance transportation to the building site, protect the cost height in this traditional bank mode of Loess Plateau, efficiency consumption is large, landscape effect is poor.Simultaneously, owing to cut into a mountain for quarrying, cause the destruction of quarry ecological environment.Because this bank protection mode does not have thoroughly to solve the problem of Loess slope erosion weathering, be subjected to the impact of long-term weathering at sunshine, low temperature freeze thawing, rainfall erosion, Loess Surface is the phenomenons such as multiple violent rill erosion, shallow-layer slump easily, cause original stone masonry Engineering fracture, sedimentation, collapse.
Summary of the invention
For solving the existing outstanding problem of above-mentioned Canal in Loess Area side slope protection, the fixed and ecological protection integrated approach of loess slope shallow-layer has been proposed.
Concrete technical scheme for achieving the above object is:
A kind of method of loess slope ecological protection comprises step:
1) it is fixed that use polyurethane carries out the domatic shallow-layer of loess slope;
2) the domatic anchoring of throwing the net after shallow-layer is fixed;
3) through step 2) domatic upper injection after processing plants living base material;
4) the domatic seed layer of sowing grass seeds by duster after living base material is planted in injection.
Wherein, fixed domatic cleaning, excavation drain dyke, the spraying aqueous polyurethane of comprising of the shallow-layer of described step 1) is to form the step of bonding course.
Adopt mode artificial and that machinery combines to clear up domatic top layer weathering unconsolidated formation.
Wherein, described drain dyke comprises catchwater and gutter, catchwater furrow width 40-100cm wherein, ditch depth 20-50cm; Draining furrow width 40-80cm, ditch depth 20-40cm.
Can also excavate the longitudinal drainage ditch as required, wide 30-50cm, ditch depth 20-40cm.
Wherein, spraying waterborne polyurethane resin concentration is 5-15%, and the degree of depth of infiltrating is 3-7cm.The used waterborne polyurethane resin of the present invention is a kind of superfine aliphatic polyurethane dispersion liquid, be mainly used in promoting then property, the pliability of covering with paint, has the ultra-fine film that causes and extend, excellent cold resistance, be applicable to the base material following layer, now be widely used in the aspects such as waterproof insulation, roof working.
Wherein, described step 2) anchoring of throwing the net in is to use the PE(polyethylene) or the PP(polypropylene) geo-grid that plastic material is made, with the anchoring of screw thread holdfast, the holdfast spacing is 0.8-2m.Used geo-grid is that nondegradable plastics are made, for example SS15, SS20 geo-grid, grid hole dimension 4*4cm.Geo-grid has good pliability and tensile strength, plays reinforced action in engineering, guarantees that planting living substrate layer adheres in domatic long-term stability.
Wherein, described screw thread holdfast diameter 12-18mm, long 50-100cm.
Wherein, plant biological compost 0-25 part, inorganic mineral 8-20 part, soil 90-1000 part, water-loss reducer 10-20 part, adhesive 0-40 part and slow-release fertilizer 0-20 part that living base material comprises weight portion in the described step 3).
Planting the core material that living matrix is the slope greening technology, is the media base of plant life and the source that the required moisture of plant growth, nutrient continue supply.Mainly by there being in biological compost, inorganic mineral, soil, an agent, water-loss reducer, adhesive or the slow-release fertilizer one or more formulated.Described biological compost obtains by fermentation with peat, sawdust, animal wastes, mainly be fertility and the permeability that increases soil, for growth and development of plants provides nutrient and root system extending space, select peat, the material such as sawdust and animal wastes is formulated through fermenting, and it both can improve soil texture, prevents from hardening, can keep permanent fertilizer efficiency again, make the plant can low level management.
Described inorganic mineral comprises one or more in float stone, perlite, vermiculite, haydite, peat, the scar, for loess soil property characteristics, preferably uses float stone, perlite and vermiculite.The thickness of wherein, planting living base material in the described step 3) is 6-12cm.
Wherein, the seed layer in the described step 4) is comprised of the seed of drought-resistant plant, one or more in the seed of preferred caragana microphylla, prairie milk vetch, coronule flower, elm, false indigo, alfalfa, crested wheat grass.
Wherein, the seed layer thickness in the described step 4) is 2-4cm.
Wherein, described step 4) is sowed grass seeds by duster after the seed layer, also is included in and covers vegetation blanket on the seed layer, with 45-90 days step of mode maintenance artificial or that sprinkling irrigation is watered.
Wherein, described vegetation blanket is that stalk is made, and described stalk is one or more in maize straw, Wheat Straw, the broomcorn straw, and the vegetation blanket overlay capacity is 240-280g/m
2The used vegetation blanket of (weight of unit area) the present invention, it is the main material of slope greening technology, is mainly made by straw, covers on the seed layer, playing water conservation, soil moisture conservation, be incubated, prevent the effect such as Rainfall simulator erosion, is that plant germination is created good environment.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, by domatic upper spraying waterborne polyurethane resin, efficiently solve domatic loose, phenomenon that weathering is serious, strengthened domatic resistance to overturning.
2, the drain dyke of excavation has good antiseepage, erosion control effect, has higher elasticity and intensity, has effectively alleviated the factors such as the stone masonry drain dyke is subjected to that low temperature freeze thawing, differential settlement, runoff punching are washed in a pan and the phenomenons such as fracture.
3, by planting living spraying method greening technique, rebuild slope vegetation, further strengthen protection effect, road improvement landscape pattern.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the domatic sectional view of the embodiment of the invention 2.Among the figure, 1 is vegetation blanket, and 2 is seed layer, and 3 for planting living substrate layer, and 4 is geo-grid, and 5 is bonding course, and 6 is the screw thread holdfast.
The specific embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Among the embodiment, used aqueous polyurethane is available from Jiangsu ATK Environmental Engineering Design ﹠ Research Institute Co., Ltd., and water-loss reducer is the polyacrylamide water-loss reducer, available from the Beijing Green Qidian Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd; Adhesive is A30, available from the Beijing Green Qidian Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Among the embodiment, if no special instructions, employed method is the method for this area routine.
Embodiment 1:
Gansu Province's Highway Loess Slope, 3 grades of this section side slopes, sloping high 8m, sloping than 1:0.75, the domatic former employing stone masonry mask of one-level, two, three grades of domatic toe stone masonries protection, high 1m, all the other are domatic exposed, and have built the stone masonry drain dyke.After road was open to traffic 2 years, bare slope weathering and rainwater erosion were serious, and because the impacts such as charge for remittance punching is washed in a pan, low temperature freeze thawing cause drain dyke fracture 4 places that subside, the sloping facing wall of one-level and two or three grades of toe barricades are subjected to erosion Hanging sectionally, the cracking of slope runoff.
In the present embodiment, after this domatic weathered layer carried out the labor cleaning, original stone masonry protective equipment is carried out maintenance and reinforcement, at two or three grades of bare slopes and the novel aqueous polyurethane resin of platform spraying, infiltrate degree of depth 3cm, form the antiseepage bonding course with good pliability, tensile strength and anti-freezing property.
Implement after 1 year, it is good that domatic shallow-layer bonding course keeps, domatic not because low temperature freeze thawing, weathering at sunshine and Rainfall simulator erosion form new erosion ditch, new water punching damage phenomenon does not occur in original stone masonry safeguard procedures, has guaranteed stability and the globality domatic and measure of stone masonry slope protection works.
Ningxia speedway loess slope ecological protection experimental section, domatic area 2700m
2, three grades of side slopes, sloping than 1:0.75, the wide 2m of platform.Domatic desertification is serious, and the people steps on husky sliding, is difficult to the operation of going up a slope.
The protection step that present embodiment carries out following (Fig. 1):
1, excavation drain dyke.At side slope outer rim excavation catchwater, the catchwater section is nature arc gutter, furrow width 80cm, ditch depth 45cm.In the inboard excavation of platform platform transverse drain ditch, the transverse drain ditch section is nature arc gutter, furrow width 60cm, ditch depth 30cm.At domatic every 100m spacing excavation longitudinal drainage ditch, longitudinal drainage ditch section is nature arc gutter, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm.
2, drain dyke forms bonding course 5.At the novel aqueous polyurethane resin of drain dyke surface spraying of new excavation, infiltrate degree of depth 5cm.Formation has the bonding course 5 of good elasticity, intensity, cold-resistant and antiseepage function.
3, domatic shallow-layer is fixed.On cleaning or new excavation domatic, spray novel aqueous polyurethane, infiltrate degree of depth 3cm, the local serious slope soil infiltration degree of depth 5cm that desertifies.Domatic form have good elasticity, the bonding course 5 of intensity, cold-resistant and antiseepage function.
4, the anchoring of throwing the net.On shallow-layer consolidation process domatic, lay Feicheng, SS20(Shandong friendship ties engineering plastics Co., Ltd) direction earthwork grille, grid hole dimension 4*4cm adopts screw thread holdfast 6 anchorings of diameter 14mm, long 50cm, and screw thread holdfast 6 line spaces are 1.5m.
5, planting living substrate layer 3 sprays.After the domatic anchoring of throwing the net, plant living base material in domatic injection, thickness 8cm.Planting the core material that living base material is the slope greening technology, is the media base of plant life and the source that the required moisture of plant growth, nutrient continue supply.It is mainly formulated by organic-biological compost, vermiculite, lava, soil, water-loss reducer, adhesive and slow-release fertilizer to plant living base material.In the present embodiment, it is mainly formulated by the composition of following weight ratio to plant living base material: soil 100kg, biological compost 20kg, peat 10kg, wood chip 10kg, vermiculite 8kg, water-loss reducer 15g, adhesive 40g.Soil is taken from test section periphery loess
6, spray seed layer 2.After planting living spraying method end, spraying seed layer 2, thickness 3cm, seed is selected caragana microphylla, prairie milk vetch, coronule flower, elm, false indigo, alfalfa, crested wheat grass, and various seed ratios can be arbitrary proportion.
7, vegetation blanket 6 covers.The seed layer AEI After End of Injection adopts 250 gram vegetation blankets 6 to cover vegetation blanket 6(Jiangsu Lvzhiyuan Ecological Construction Co., Ltd., fabric width 3m, long 100m, overlay capacity 250g/m on the top layer
2) made by Wheat Straw.
8, initial curing.Vegetation blanket 6 is taked the mode of watering of spraying after covering and finishing, and initial curing 50 days keeps seed layer 2 moistening, guarantees seed germination and healthy growth.
By the novel aqueous polyurethane resin of domatic upper spraying, efficiently solve domatic loose, phenomenon that weathering is serious, formed the bonding course of 3cm on domatic top layer, effectively strengthened domatic resistance to overturning.Adopt the drain dyke of novel aqueous polyurethane resin plastotype, have good antiseepage, erosion control effect, have higher elasticity and intensity, effectively alleviated the factors such as the stone masonry drain dyke is subjected to that low temperature freeze thawing, differential settlement, runoff punching are washed in a pan and the phenomenons such as fracture.By planting living spraying method greening technique, rebuild slope vegetation, further strengthen protection effect, road improvement landscape pattern.Through initial curing in 50 days, slope plants was evenly distributed, and the shrub growing height reaches 20-30cm, and vegetation cover degree reaches more than 75%, had begun to take shape zonal plant communities on domatic.
Gansu speedway loess slope ecological protection experimental section, domatic area 4000m
2.Domatic desertification is serious, local climate dry and rainless, year lowest temperature-20 ℃.
The protection step that present embodiment carries out is as follows:
1, excavation drain dyke.At side slope outward flange excavation catchwater, the catchwater section is nature arc gutter, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 20cm.In the inboard excavation of platform transverse drain ditch, the transverse drain ditch section is nature arc gutter, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 20cm.At domatic every 100m spacing excavation longitudinal drainage ditch, longitudinal drainage ditch section is nature arc gutter, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20cm.
2, drain dyke forms bonding course.At the novel aqueous polyurethane resin of drain dyke surface spraying of new excavation, infiltrate degree of depth 3cm.
3, domatic shallow-layer is fixed.On cleaning or new excavation domatic, spray novel aqueous polyurethane, infiltrate degree of depth 3cm, the local serious slope soil infiltration degree of depth 5cm that desertifies.
4, the anchoring of throwing the net.On shallow-layer consolidation process domatic, lay the SS20 direction earthwork grille, grid hole dimension 4*4cm adopts the screw thread holdfast anchoring of diameter 18mm, long 100cm, and screw thread holdfast line space is 1.5m.
5, planting living basic unit sprays.After the domatic anchoring of throwing the net, plant living base material in domatic injection, thickness 8cm.Planting the core material that living matrix is the slope greening technology, is the media base of plant life and the source that the required moisture of plant growth, nutrient continue supply.In the present embodiment, main formulated by the composition of following weight ratio: soil 90kg, biological compost 10kg, peat 10kg, wood chip 10kg, vermiculite 5kg, water-loss reducer 20g, adhesive 20g.Stromal thickness is 8cm.
6, spray seed layer.After planting living spraying method end, spraying seed layer, thickness 2cm, seed is selected caragana microphylla, prairie milk vetch, coronule flower, elm, false indigo, alfalfa, crested wheat grass, and various seed ratios can be arbitrary proportion.
7, vegetation blanket covers.The seed layer AEI After End of Injection adopts 250 gram vegetation blankets to cover on the top layer, and vegetation blanket is made by Wheat Straw.
8, initial curing.Vegetation blanket is taked the mode of watering of spraying after covering and finishing, and initial curing 45 days keeps seed layer moistening, guarantees seed germination and healthy growth.
Through initial curing in 45 days, slope plants was evenly distributed, and the shrub growing height reaches 20-30cm, and vegetation cover degree reaches more than 75%, had begun to take shape zonal plant communities on domatic.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a loess slope ecological protection is characterized in that, comprises step:
1) it is fixed that use polyurethane carries out the domatic shallow-layer of loess slope;
2) the domatic anchoring of throwing the net after shallow-layer is fixed;
3) through step 2) domatic upper injection after processing plants living base material;
4) the domatic seed layer of sowing grass seeds by duster after living base material is planted in injection.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, fixed domatic cleaning, excavation drain dyke, the spraying aqueous polyurethane of comprising of the shallow-layer of described step 1) is to form the step of bonding course; Described drain dyke comprises catchwater and gutter, catchwater furrow width 40-100cm wherein, ditch depth 20-50cm; Draining furrow width 40-80cm, ditch depth 20-40cm; The degree of depth of infiltrating of described spraying waterborne polyurethane resin is 3-7cm.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described step 2) in the anchoring of throwing the net be the geo-grid of using PE or PP plastic material to make, with the anchoring of screw thread holdfast, the holdfast spacing is 0.8-2m.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described screw thread holdfast diameter 12-18mm, long 50-100cm.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, plant biological compost 0-25 part, inorganic mineral 8-20 part, soil 90-1000 part, water-loss reducer 10-20 part, adhesive 0-40 part and slow-release fertilizer 0-20 part that living base material comprises weight portion in the described step 3).
6. such as claim 1 or 5 described methods, it is characterized in that the thickness of planting living base material in the described step 3) is 6-12cm.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the seed layer in the described step 4) is comprised of the seed of drought-resistant plant, one or more in the seed of preferred caragana microphylla, prairie milk vetch, coronule flower, elm, false indigo, alfalfa, crested wheat grass.
8. such as claim 1 or 8 described methods, it is characterized in that the seed layer thickness in the described step 4) is 2-4cm.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described step 4) is sowed grass seeds by duster after the seed layer, also is included in and covers vegetation blanket on the seed layer, with 45-90 days step of mode maintenance artificial or that sprinkling irrigation is watered.
10. method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described vegetation blanket is that stalk is made, and described stalk is one or more in maize straw, Wheat Straw, the broomcorn straw, and the vegetation blanket overlay capacity is 240-350g/m
2
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| CN103821152A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-05-28 | 青岛润国生态科技发展有限公司 | Combined construction method for anti-shock ecological blankets and W-OH and slope protection structure |
| CN103821153A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-05-28 | 东南大学 | Arsenic sandstone slope treating method |
| CN108729454A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 西安长庆科技工程有限责任公司 | The method that side slope handicapping anti-slip is administered |
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| CN103583338A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-19 | 北京东方园林股份有限公司 | Roof green planting structure |
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| CN103821152A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-05-28 | 青岛润国生态科技发展有限公司 | Combined construction method for anti-shock ecological blankets and W-OH and slope protection structure |
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| CN108729454A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 西安长庆科技工程有限责任公司 | The method that side slope handicapping anti-slip is administered |
| CN109456574A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-03-12 | 重庆交通大学 | For reinforcing the protective materials of extremely frigid zones highway silt side slope |
| CN109440785A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-03-08 | 重庆交通大学 | The ecological protection method of Soft Rock Slope soil |
| CN109403266A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-03-01 | 重庆交通大学 | The means of defence of controlling in sandy soil plain regions Channel slope |
| CN109403266B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2021-08-13 | 重庆交通大学 | Protection method for river channel side slope in plain sandy soil area |
| CN109456574B (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2021-08-13 | 重庆交通大学 | Protective material for reinforcing road silt slope in alpine region |
| CN109565995A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of method for recovering vegetation of dry valley engineering body excavation slope |
| CN109874445A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-14 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of restoration and reconstruction method being retained soil against corrosion for engineering slope |
| CN110326496A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-15 | 福建省岚禹建设工程有限公司 | A kind of Topographic factor comprehensive processing method |
| CN111109062A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 | Steep cliff greening method based on ecological rods and vegetation mats |
| CN111642381A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-11 | 合肥工业大学 | Treatment method for temporarily stacking construction waste |
| CN112616580A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-09 | 大连地拓环境科技有限公司 | Spray-seeding repair method for loose stone side slope |
| CN113597839A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-11-05 | 北华航天工业学院 | Many ground conditions fix sand quick laying device |
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