CN110773894A - Reheating crack control method for welding heat affected zone of large-restraint-degree structural assembly - Google Patents
Reheating crack control method for welding heat affected zone of large-restraint-degree structural assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN110773894A CN110773894A CN201910951991.4A CN201910951991A CN110773894A CN 110773894 A CN110773894 A CN 110773894A CN 201910951991 A CN201910951991 A CN 201910951991A CN 110773894 A CN110773894 A CN 110773894A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
- B23K31/027—Making tubes with soldering or welding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reheating crack control method for a welding heat affected zone of a large-restraint-degree structural assembly, and belongs to the technical field of welding of large-restraint-degree structural assemblies. The invention discloses a reheating crack control method for a welding heat affected zone of a large-restraint-degree structural assembly, which comprises the following steps of: step 1, welding a first structural component and a second structural component to form a structural assembly with large restraint degree through welding joints; and 2, applying a remelting welding bead on the surface of the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint in the step 1. By adopting the invention, the reheating crack tendency of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint structural assembly can be reduced, the reheating crack of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint structural assembly can be avoided or even avoided, and the quality of a welding joint is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reheating crack control method for a welding heat affected zone of a large-restraint-degree structural assembly, and belongs to the technical field of welding of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly.
Background
The thermal power steam turbine valve of welding manufacturing, its welded joint are big thick-walled pipe butt joint welded structure, and the welded joint position receives both sides body super large gravity to restrict simultaneously, and reheat crackle 7 appears easily in its welding heat affected zone, as shown in figure 1.
The welded near surface layer of the welded structure component with certain constraint conditions has larger welding residual stress, the position of a coarse crystal heat affected zone is easy to generate crystal following cracking in the process of postweld heat treatment or high-temperature service, although the microscopic mechanism of the cracking is still uncertain at present, the direct reason for generating reheating cracks is that joint stress concentration and stress relaxation in the reheating process act on the coarse crystal heat affected zone with the grain boundary strength far lower than the intra-crystal strength.
Firstly, materials with a tendency to reheat cracking in a heat affected zone generally contain strong carbide precipitation strengthening elements (such as V, Ti, Nb and the like), during rapid heating of a welding heat cycle, strong carbides at the grain boundary position of a coarse grain heat affected zone re-dissolve a matrix, austenite grains grow large, such strengthening elements are in the intragranular and supersaturated state during subsequent rapid cooling, and impurity elements (S, P and the like) are rapidly segregated to the grain boundary and weaken the strengthening elements. The heat affected zone at the inner position which is firstly welded has the function of more tempering welding beads (the later welding bead has the tempering heat treatment function on the former welding bead, common knowledge), and part of strong carbides can be preferentially separated out along the crystal, so that the strength difference between the crystal interior and the crystal boundary of the near-surface layer coarse crystal heat affected zone is the largest when the supersaturated strengthening phase in the crystal is separated out in the postweld heat treatment or high-temperature service process;
secondly, for the welding of thick-wall parts with large constraint structures, the stress close to the surface layer is relatively large, stress concentration is easy to occur at the position of a heat affected zone of a surface welding bead due to problems of undercut, body transition and the like, and when the large stress in the subsequent thermal process is relaxed, the grain boundary of a coarse crystal zone generates larger plastic deformation until crystal-following cracking occurs;
finally, the structural welding seam with large wall thickness has extremely strong contraction tensile stress on the bodies on the two sides, the bodies after welding have antigravity deformation to a certain degree, in the stress relaxation process of the subsequent thermal process, the bodies on the two sides return to a balanced state, the gravity action can be superposed on the upper part of the welding joint close to the surface layer, and the reheating crack tendency of the coarse crystal heat affected zone on the upper part close to the surface layer of the welding joint is further aggravated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the reheating crack control method for the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly is provided, and the reheating crack tendency of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly can be reduced by welding the remelting welding bead on the surface of the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint, so that the reheating crack of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly can be avoided or even avoided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a reheating crack control method for a welding heat affected zone of a large-restraint structural assembly comprises the following steps:
and 2, applying a remelting welding bead on the surface of the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint in the step 1.
When the scheme is adopted, in the step 1, the structural component I and the structural component II are welded to be connected through the welding joints to form the structural component with large restraint degree (such as a thermal power turbine valve). After the step 1, for the welded joint which is welded, welding heat affected zones are formed on two sides of the welded joint (for convenience of distinction and description, the welding heat affected zone is called as a heat affected zone I), and welding reheating cracks are easy to occur on the near surface layer (and the surface layer) of the heat affected zone I; after the step 2, a remelting bead is applied to the surface of the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint formed in the step 1 (from the naked eye, the remelting bead approximately covers the position of the weld seam formed in the step 1), the remelting bead forms a 'tempering bead' on one surface of the heat affected zone, similar to the tempering treatment of the welding heat affected zone near the surface layer (and the surface layer) of the welding joint formed in the step 1, so that part of the strong carbides (strengthening phases) can be preferentially precipitated along the crystal (in principle, see the second section of the background technology), the structure form of the welding heat affected zone close to the surface layer (and the surface layer) of the welding joint is effectively improved, the reheat crack tendency of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint structural assembly is reduced, and the reheat crack of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint structural assembly can be avoided or even avoided. It should be noted that, after step 2 is completed, the remelting bead is also a part of the welded joint, and the remelting bead also generates a new welding heat affected zone (for convenience of distinction and description, this welding heat affected zone is referred to as a second heat affected zone), which is located outside the first heat affected zone, and is formed by the remelting bead in step 2, and the second heat affected zone is formed by a plurality of welding heat cycles in the multi-layer and multi-pass welding process in step 1.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the reheating crack control method for the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly, the reheating crack tendency of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly can be reduced by welding the remelting welding bead on the surface of the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint, the reheating crack of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly can be avoided or even eliminated, and the quality of the welding joint is improved.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of typical large restraint welded structure reheat cracking;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of overlaying a transition layer at the groove of the first structural member and the groove of the second structural member respectively when the first structural member and the second structural member are welded to be about 10mm away from the surface layer of the base metal;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the application of a weld reflow bead to a surface at a weld heat affected zone of a weld joint based on FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of a weld reflow bead applied to a surface at a weld heat affected zone of the weld joint based on FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a first structural member and a second structural member of a high-restraint structural assembly respectively disposed on a first supporting member and a second supporting member.
The labels in the figure are: 1-structural member one, 2-structural member two, 3-welding joint, 31-heat affected zone one, 32-heat affected zone two, 4-remelting welding bead, 5-transition layer, 61-support member one, 62-support member two, and 7-reheat crack.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the method for controlling reheat cracking in a welding heat affected zone of a large-restraint structural assembly of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
and 2, applying a remelting welding bead 4 on the surface of the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint 3 in the step 1.
When the scheme is adopted, in the step 1, the structural component I1 and the structural component II 2 are welded to be connected through the welding joints 3 to form the large-constraint structural assembly, which is a conventional technical means in the prior art. After the step 1, for the welded joint which is welded, the welded joint is in a butt joint form, welding heat affected zones are formed on two sides of the welded joint (for convenience of distinguishing and describing, the welding heat affected zones are called as heat affected zones one 31), and welding reheating cracks are easy to occur on the near surface layer (and the surface layer) of the heat affected zones one 21; after step 2, a remelting bead is applied to the surface of the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint formed in step 1 (from the naked eye, the remelting bead approximately covers the position of the weld seam formed in step 1), the remelting bead 4 forms a "tempering bead" on the surface of the heat affected zone-31, similar to the tempering treatment of the welding heat affected zone near the surface layer (and surface layer) of the welding joint formed in step 1, so that part of the strong carbides (strengthening phases) can be preferentially precipitated along the crystal (see the second section of the background technology in principle), the structure form of the welding heat affected zone close to the surface layer (and the surface layer) of the welding joint is effectively improved, the reheat crack tendency of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint structural assembly is reduced, and the reheat crack of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint structural assembly can be avoided or even avoided. It should be added that after step 2 is completed, the reflow soldering bead 4 is also a part of the welding joint 3, and the reflow soldering bead 4 also generates a new welding heat affected zone (for convenience of distinction and description, this welding heat affected zone is referred to as a second heat affected zone 32), and the second heat affected zone 32 is located outside the first heat affected zone 31, as shown in fig. 4, the second heat affected zone is formed by the reflow soldering bead just after step 2, and the second heat affected zone is formed by many welding heat cycles during the multi-layer and multi-pass welding process of step 1, obviously, the structure performance of the second heat affected zone is better than that of the first heat affected zone, and the second heat affected zone has no reheat cracks basically. The welding method of the present invention is not limited, such as MIG, TIG, SMAW, SAW, or the like. The first structural component and the second structural component are made of pearlite heat-resistant steel, austenitic stainless steel or nickel-based alloy and the like which have the tendency of welding reheat cracks; for example, both are 15Cr1Mo 1V.
Alternatively, the reflow bead is a self-fluxing bead. That is, the solder is not filled in step 2.
Alternatively, the remelting bead is a filling bead filled with welding material.
Further, when the remelting bead is a filling bead filled with welding material, after step 2, the method further includes the following steps: and polishing the remelting welding bead to basically remove the remelting welding bead.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, in step 1, when the first structural member and the second structural member are welded to each other at a distance of not less than 5mm from the surface layer of the base material (preferably, welded to a distance of 5mm to 20mm from the surface layer of the base material; for example, welded to a distance of about 10mm from the surface layer of the base material), the transition layer 5 is respectively welded at the groove of the first structural member and the groove of the second structural member, and then the first structural member and the second structural member are continuously welded. The coarsening degree of crystal grains in the heat affected zone can be controlled, the bonding strength of the crystal boundary is enhanced, the reheat crack tendency of the welding heat affected zone of the large-constraint structural assembly can be further reduced, and the reheat crack in the welding heat affected zone of the large-constraint structural assembly is further avoided or even avoided. The base material refers to the first structural member and the second structural member, and for a person skilled in the art, the problem of difficulty in understanding and the problem of unclear effect do not exist.
Further, the thickness of the transition layer 5 is not less than 3 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the transition layer 5 is 3mm-5 mm; for example, the thickness of the transition layer 5 is about 3mm, 4mm or 5 mm.
Furthermore, when the transition layer is overlaid, the welding heat input is properly reduced, the welding heat input is common knowledge, the welding heat input refers to the heat energy input to a weld joint in unit length by a welding energy source during fusion welding, the heat input is equal to the ratio of the product of welding current, arc voltage and heat efficiency to the welding speed, and the formula is IU η/V.
Further, when the reflow bead is applied, the welding heat input is appropriately reduced. The principle is basically similar to that of properly reducing welding heat input during overlaying of the transition layer, and the detailed description is omitted here.
Preferably, in step 1, when welding the first structural member and the second structural member, each welding line is knocked to release welding stress when the welding distance to the surface layer of the base material is not less than 5mm (preferably, the welding distance to the surface layer of the base material is 5mm-20 mm; for example, the welding distance to the surface layer of the base material is about 10 mm). For example, a flat spade air gun is used to strike the weld.
Further, before step 1, the method further comprises the following steps: and assembling the first structural component 1 and the second structural component 2, and avoiding strong assembly as much as possible when assembling the first structural component and the second structural component so as to reduce the restraint of the structural component with large restraint and reduce the superposed stress of the structure to the welding seam.
Further, before step 1, the method further comprises the following steps: and preheating the parts to be welded of the first structural component 1 and the second structural component 2 before welding, and properly increasing the preheating temperature before welding on the premise of allowing the materials of the first structural component and the second structural component. Preferably, the step of assembling precedes the step of preheating.
Further, in the step 1, when the first structural component and the second structural component are welded, the temperature between welding channels is kept high.
Higher pre-welding preheating temperature and higher temperature between welding channels can increase the high-temperature retention time in the welding cooling process, reduce the supersaturation degree of strong carbide elements in the crystal, and finally reduce the strength difference between the crystal interior and the crystal boundary.
Further, in step 1, when welding the first structural member and the second structural member, welding defects such as welding pox, welding beading, undercut and the like should be avoided as much as possible when welding the surface layer weld joint, and smooth transition between the surface layer weld joint and the base material (the first structural member and the second structural member) is ensured to avoid local stress concentration.
Further, after the step 2, the following steps are included: carrying out postweld heat treatment on the welding joint of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly; and on the premise of the permission of the materials of the first structural part and the second structural part, the temperature and the time of the postweld heat treatment are properly increased. The method can improve the effects of eliminating the residual welding stress and the diffused hydrogen in the welding seam, and slow down the segregation degree of the impurity elements of the crystal boundary to a certain extent.
Furthermore, if the antigravity deformation occurs on the two sides of the welded joint and on the large-restraint-degree structural assembly, a stress relaxation space for the antigravity deformation is reserved for the large-restraint-degree structural assembly before the postweld heat treatment. So as to avoid the tensile stress additionally formed on the upper part of the welding joint caused by the stress relaxation of the antigravity deformation in the process of the postweld heat treatment.
Specifically, when the first structural component 1 and the second structural component 2 are assembled, the first structural component 1 is placed on the first height-adjustable support piece 61, the second structural component 2 is placed on the second height-adjustable support piece 62, and the first structural component 1 and the second structural component 2 are assembled (strong assembly is avoided) by adjusting the heights of the first support piece 61 and the second support piece 62. For example, the first support 61 and the second support 62 are hydraulic lift rods. Before postweld heat treatment, when antigravity deformation occurs on the two sides of the welded joint and on the large restraint degree structural assembly, the structural member I1 is warped, the interval between the structural member I1 and the support member I61 is made to be called as a first interval, then the height of the support member I is adjusted, the interval between the structural member I and the support member I is made to be small, the interval is called as a second interval (a reserved stress relaxation space for antigravity deformation), and the size of the second interval is smaller than that of the first interval. In the heat treatment process, when the antigravity deformation stress of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly is relaxed, the first structural part is gradually close to the first supporting part until the first structural part is pressed on the first supporting part and is supported by the first supporting part; due to the reserved antigravity deformation space of the first support piece and the supporting effect of the first support piece after stress relaxation, the tensile stress additionally formed on the upper part of the welding joint in the process of postweld heat treatment and caused by stress relaxation of antigravity deformation is avoided.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: the welded joint 3 is subjected to nondestructive testing. When the design is adopted, nondestructive testing can be carried out after the step 1, or after the step 2, or after postweld heat treatment; alternatively, the nondestructive testing may be performed after performing step 1, step 2 and the post-weld heat treatment, respectively. Further, the nondestructive test is UT, RT, PT or/and MT.
In conclusion, by adopting the reheating crack control method for the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly, the reheating crack tendency of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly can be reduced, the reheating crack of the welding heat affected zone of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly can be avoided or even avoided, the quality of a welding joint is improved, welding repair and post-welding heat treatment reworking are avoided, the production period is shortened, and the labor cost is reduced.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A reheating crack control method for a welding heat affected zone of a large-restraint structural assembly comprises the following steps:
step 1, welding a first structural component and a second structural component to form a structural assembly with large restraint degree through welding joints; the method is characterized in that:
and 2, applying a remelting welding bead on the surface of the welding heat affected zone of the welding joint in the step 1.
2. The method for controlling reheat cracking in a weld heat affected zone of a high restraint structural assembly of claim 1, wherein: the remelting welding bead is a self-fluxing welding bead; alternatively, the remelting bead is a filling bead filled with a welding material.
3. The method for controlling reheat cracking in a weld heat affected zone of a high restraint structural assembly of claim 2, wherein: when the remelting welding bead is a filling welding bead filled with welding materials, after the step 2, the method further comprises the following steps: and polishing the remelting welding bead to basically remove the remelting welding bead.
4. The method for controlling reheat cracking in a weld heat affected zone of a high restraint structural assembly of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, when the first structural member and the second structural member are welded, when the distance between the first structural member and the surface layer of the base metal is not less than 5mm, overlaying a transition layer at the groove of the first structural member and the groove of the second structural member respectively, and then continuously welding the first structural member and the second structural member.
5. The method for controlling reheat cracking in a weld heat affected zone of a high restraint structural assembly of claim 4, wherein: the thickness of the transition layer is not less than 3 mm.
6. The method for controlling reheat cracking in a weld heat affected zone of a high restraint structural assembly of claim 4, wherein: when the transition layer is overlaid, the welding heat input is properly reduced.
7. The method for controlling reheat cracking in a weld heat affected zone of a high restraint structural assembly of claim 1, wherein: when a reflow bead is applied, the welding heat input is appropriately reduced.
8. The method for controlling reheat cracking in a weld heat affected zone of a high restraint structural assembly of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, when the first structural part and the second structural part are welded, when the welding is started until the distance from the surface layer of the base material is not less than 5mm, knocking each welding line to release welding stress.
9. The method for controlling reheat cracking in a weld heat affected zone of a high restraint structural assembly of claim 9, wherein: after the step 2, the following steps are also included: carrying out postweld heat treatment on the welding joint of the large-restraint-degree structural assembly; and on the premise of the permission of the materials of the first structural part and the second structural part, the temperature and the time of the postweld heat treatment are properly increased.
10. The method for controlling reheat cracking in a weld heat affected zone of a high restraint structural assembly of claim 9, wherein: if the antigravity deformation occurs on the two sides of the welded joint and on the large-constraint structural assembly, a stress relaxation space for antigravity deformation is reserved for the large-constraint structural assembly before postweld heat treatment.
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