CN110773889B - Friction plug-rivet composite spot welding method for light alloy and steel - Google Patents
Friction plug-rivet composite spot welding method for light alloy and steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110773889B CN110773889B CN201910975514.1A CN201910975514A CN110773889B CN 110773889 B CN110773889 B CN 110773889B CN 201910975514 A CN201910975514 A CN 201910975514A CN 110773889 B CN110773889 B CN 110773889B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for processing dissimilar metals, belongs to the related field of material connection and manufacture, and particularly relates to a light alloy and steel friction plug-rivet composite spot welding method. The invention integrates three technical characteristics of friction welding, plug welding and riveting into a whole, and can realize high-quality spot welding of light alloy and steel. Aiming at the lap joint or lap joint of the light alloy and the steel, a special driving mechanism is adopted to enable a special steel rivet to rotate at a high speed and continuously feed, when the rivet is in contact with the light alloy, the rivet is in a thermoplastic state due to high-speed friction, so that the rivet is plugged into the light alloy, when the rivet is in contact with the steel, the end face of the rivet is subjected to high-speed friction with the steel to form friction welding, and finally the spot welding of the light alloy and the steel is realized. The auxiliary current is introduced in the welding process, so that the metallurgical reaction of the light alloy and the circumferential interface of the rivet can be strengthened, the thermoplastic flow of the light alloy metal is improved, the friction welding state of the rivet and the steel base metal can be improved, and the mechanical energy input of the rivet is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for processing dissimilar metals, belongs to the related field of material connection and manufacture, and particularly relates to a light alloy and steel friction plug-rivet composite spot welding method.
Background
With the development of modern manufacturing industry towards light weight, multiple functionalization and structural function integration, the mixed use of multiple materials has become one of the main ideas of the industrial structural design of aviation, aerospace, automobiles and the like. In order to satisfy the requirements of structural performance and light weight simultaneously in many structural members, light alloys (including aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, aluminum lithium alloys, and the like) are often partially substituted for steel to manufacture light alloy/steel composite structures. Welding of light alloys to steel is one of the key technologies for manufacturing such composite structures. However, since the thermophysical properties of the light alloy and the steel are greatly different, the light alloy and the steel are not compatible with each other in metallurgy, and the welding difficulty is increased by mixing the light alloy and the steel. Resistance spot welding has been widely used as one of the important welding techniques for automobile, aerospace and aerospace manufacturing. However, resistance spot welding is essentially a fusion welding method, and it is difficult to avoid the metallurgical problem of welding light alloys to steel. Therefore, how to adopt a proper welding method to solve the metallurgy problem of welding the light alloy and the steel becomes a key problem for manufacturing the light alloy/steel composite structure. The invention provides a light alloy and steel friction plug-rivet composite spot welding method which can avoid the metallurgy problem of welding light alloy and steel by traditional resistance spot welding and can realize high-quality spot welding of the light alloy and the steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of metallurgical incompatibility in the spot welding process of light alloy and steel, and can realize the spot welding of the light alloy and the steel, and the joint can be in a lap joint or a lap joint.
The steel rivet designed by the invention has the same or different material and steel base material components, can be rubbed with light metal under the condition of high-speed rotation to enable the light metal to reach a plastic state, and the light thermoplastic alloy is extruded out along the periphery of the rivet in the continuous pressing process of the rivet. The rivet continues to undergo continuous high speed friction as it contacts the underlying steel, forming a friction weld. Meanwhile, the rivet and the light alloy can form a certain degree of metallurgical connection in the circumferential direction. In the welding process, auxiliary current is not introduced or introduced respectively in the friction process of the rivet and the light metal, the friction process of the rivet and the steel and the process that the rivet stops rotating for a period of time, so that the interface connection state is improved, and the metallurgical connection of the joint is strengthened.
The friction plug-rivet composite spot welding method of the light alloy and the steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. on the steel rivet clamping head, the steel rivet clamping head is driven by the clamping head to do high-speed rotation motion and continuously press down. When the steel rivet is contacted with the upper light alloy, the upper light alloy quickly reaches a thermoplastic state under the friction action of the high-speed rotating rivet, so that the rivet is continuously stuffed into the light alloy. The constant friction of the cross section of the rivet rotating at high speed with the underlying steel forms a friction weld as the rivet contacts the underlying steel. In addition, the rivet and the steel realize complete welding and simultaneously can form certain metallurgical bonding with the light alloy.
B. Auxiliary current can be synchronously introduced into the rivet in the welding process: (1) in the process of filling the rivet into the light alloy, the rivet is electrified with an auxiliary current I1(0-50A); (2) when the rivet penetrates through the light alloy plate and contacts with the steel, the rivet is introduced with an auxiliary current I in the friction welding process of the rivet and the steel2(0-100A); (3) after the friction welding between the rivet and the steel is finished, the rivet is continuously introduced with the auxiliary current I3(0-80A); (4) auxiliary current stop, rivet chuck and toolThe pieces are separated.
Further, the related steel rivet appearance parameter characteristics are as follows: (1) outside diameter of rivet shankd3-20mm, (2) the head of the rivet rod has a taper angle, and the included angle between the vertical line of the axis of the rivet rod and the generatrix of the headα0-45 degree, 3 length of rivet 5-20mm, 4 opening of blind hole on end face of rivet rod and depthh0-15mm, (5) the rivet cap is positioned at the tail part of the rivet, the outer edge of the rivet cap is circular and is separated from the outer end face of the rivet rodl k 2-5mm, (6) the lower part of the rivet cap is provided with an inner concave ring, and the inner side surface of the inner concave ring forms an included angle with the rivet rodβIs 20-90 degrees.
Further, the rotating speed of the rivet is 500rpm-10000rpm, and the feeding speed of the rivet is 0.2mm/s-10 mm/s.
Further, the auxiliary current can be applied in a direct current or alternating current mode, and the joint mode is lap joint.
This spot welding method has the following advantages:
1) the welding method integrates the advantages of three technologies of friction spot welding, plug welding and riveting, and has excellent mechanical properties;
2) the auxiliary current is introduced in the welding process, so that the metallurgical reaction of the light alloy and the circumferential interface of the rivet can be strengthened, the thermoplastic flow of the light alloy metal is improved, the friction welding state of the rivet and the steel base metal can be improved, and the mechanical energy input of the rivet is reduced.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of light alloy/steel friction plug rivet welding,
FIG. 2 is a schematic axial cross-sectional profile of the rivet.
Detailed Description
As shown in the attached figure 1, the invention provides a novel friction plug riveting composite spot welding method, and the joint mode used can be lap joint or lap joint.
1. Clamping the rivet on a special spot welding chuck, fixing the light alloy and the steel metal plate by adopting special equipment, and preparing for welding;
2. and starting a welding switch button, and making the rivet rotate at a high speed along with the chuck and feed downwards at the same time, wherein the rotating speed of the rivet is 1000-5000 rpm. When the rivet is contacted with the light alloy on the upper part, the light alloy reaches a thermoplastic state under the friction of the high-speed rotating rivet and is continuously extruded along the periphery of the rivet, and auxiliary current can be introduced in the process to improve the flowing behavior of the light alloy metal, wherein the magnitude of the auxiliary current is 0-50A;
3. when the light alloy plate at the upper part is contacted with the steel at the lower part after being completely penetrated by the rivet, the rotating speed of the rivet can be further adjusted, the rotating speed is 1000rpm-10000rpm, so that the rivet rotating at a high speed and the steel continuously rub to generate heat to enable the end face of the rivet to reach a thermoplastic state, the rivet and the lower steel plate are completely welded together along with the continuous high-speed friction, and an auxiliary current of 0-100A can be introduced in the process;
4. and (3) after the rivet rotates at a high speed and stops suddenly, the auxiliary current is applied for 0-80A, the special chuck is separated from the rivet, and the rivet is left in a finally formed welding joint to finish the friction plug-rivet composite spot welding.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a rivet profile. The steel rivet appearance parameter characteristics: (1) outside diameter of rivet shankd3-20mm, (2) the head of the rivet rod has a taper angle, and the included angle between the vertical line of the axis of the rivet rod and the generatrix of the headα0-45 degree, 3 length of rivet 5-20mm, 4 opening of blind hole on end face of rivet rod and depthh0-15mm, (5) the rivet cap is positioned at the tail part of the rivet, the outer edge of the rivet cap is circular and is separated from the outer end face of the rivet rodl k 2-5mm, (6) the lower part of the rivet cap is provided with an inner concave ring, and the inner side surface of the inner concave ring forms an included angle with the rivet rodβIs 20-90 degrees.
Claims (3)
1. A friction plug-rivet composite spot welding method for light alloy and steel is characterized in that:
A. the steel rivet clamping head is driven by the clamping head to rotate at a high speed and continuously press down; when the steel rivet is contacted with the upper light alloy, the upper light alloy quickly reaches a thermoplastic state under the friction action of the high-speed rotating rivet, so that the rivet is continuously stuffed into the light alloy; when the rivet is contacted with the lower steel, the continuous friction between the section of the rivet rotating at a high speed and the lower steel forms friction welding; in addition, the rivet and the steel realize complete welding and simultaneously can form metallurgical bonding with light alloy to a certain degree;
B. and synchronously introducing auxiliary current into the rivet in the welding process: (1) in the process of filling the rivet into the light alloy, the rivet is electrified with an auxiliary current I10-50A; (2) when the rivet penetrates through the light alloy plate and contacts with the steel, the rivet is introduced with an auxiliary current I in the friction welding process of the rivet and the steel20-100A; (3) after the friction welding between the rivet and the steel is finished, the rivet is continuously introduced with the auxiliary current I30-80A; (4) stopping the auxiliary current, and separating the rivet chuck from the workpiece;
the related steel rivet appearance parameter characteristics are as follows: (1) outside diameter of the rivet shank (D)d) 3-20mm, (2) the head of the rivet rod has a taper angle, and the included angle between the vertical line of the axis of the rivet rod and the generatrix of the head part is (α) 0-45 degree, 3 length of rivet 5-20mm, 4 opening of blind hole on end face of rivet rod and depth: (h) 0-15mm, (5) the rivet cap is positioned at the tail part of the rivet, the outer edge of the rivet cap is circular and is separated from the outer end face of the rivet rod (l k ) 2-5mm, (6) the lower part of the rivet cap is provided with an inner concave ring, and the inner side surface of the inner concave ring forms an included angle with the rivet rodβ) Is 20-90 degrees.
2. The friction plug-rivet composite spot welding method of light alloy and steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the speed of the rivet is 500-10000 rpm, and the feeding speed of the rivet is 0.2-10 mm/s.
3. The friction plug-rivet composite spot welding method of light alloy and steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary current is applied in a direct or alternating current mode, and the joint is applied in a lap joint mode.
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| CN201910975514.1A CN110773889B (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2019-10-14 | Friction plug-rivet composite spot welding method for light alloy and steel |
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| US20060213954A1 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-28 | Michael Ruther | Method and joining element for joining workpieces |
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| DE102008044451B4 (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2012-09-06 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Conductive stud welding |
| CN101817142A (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2010-09-01 | 上海交通大学 | Self-piercing frictional rivet welding connecting device |
| DE102010017550A1 (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-12-29 | Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg | Connecting element for a friction-welded connection for connecting at least two plate-like components |
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