CN110763718B - Frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing water heating power coupling action - Google Patents
Frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing water heating power coupling action Download PDFInfo
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- CN110763718B CN110763718B CN201911225714.1A CN201911225714A CN110763718B CN 110763718 B CN110763718 B CN 110763718B CN 201911225714 A CN201911225714 A CN 201911225714A CN 110763718 B CN110763718 B CN 110763718B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/14—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by using distillation, extraction, sublimation, condensation, freezing, or crystallisation
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Abstract
A frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing a water-heating power coupling effect comprises a sample loading system, a refrigerating system and a data acquisition system. The sample loading system comprises an assembly frame, the assembly frame is provided with a sample placing chamber, and a water supplementing structure used for supplementing water to the sample is arranged on the assembly frame. The test soil sample temperature control device is exquisite in structure and reasonable in design, the heat conduction plate is connected with the refrigerating machine, the heat conduction plate provides cold energy, temperature control of the test sample is achieved, and the humidity of the test soil sample can be increased through the water replenishing structure arranged on the assembling frame when needed. The invention can regulate and control the water content, temperature and the like of the sample, and the plurality of sensors are arranged on the assembly frame, so that the parameters of the temperature, the water content, the frost heaving force, the frost heaving displacement and the like of the sample can be measured. The invention can realize the coupling effect of factors such as water, heat, force and the like, has accurate, scientific and rigorous test result, is provided with the water supplementing structure, and can supplement water to the sample through the water supplementing structure, thereby changing the water content of different soil layers of the sample in time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing a water-thermal coupling effect.
Background
Frozen soil refers to various rocks and soils that are below zero degrees centigrade and contain ice. Generally, it can be classified into short-term frozen soil (hours/days or more to half a month), seasonal frozen soil (half a month to several months), and perennial frozen soil (also called permafrost, which refers to a soil layer that is not frozen for two or more years). Frozen earth has rheological properties, with long-term strengths far lower than the instantaneous strength characteristics, and because of these characteristics, building engineering structures in frozen earth areas must face two major risks: frost heaving and thaw sinking.
In China, the distribution area of permafrost regions is 2.068 multiplied by 106km2The distribution area of the seasonal frozen soil area is 5.137 multiplied by 106km2The sum of both accounts for about 75% of the national area. Along with the development of frozen soil areas and the application of artificial freezing shaft sinking in coal mining, houses, pipelines, channels,Various engineering buildings such as roads, railways, bridges, culverts, gates, artificial freezing well walls and the like are seriously damaged by frost heaving, and have large quantity and wide range.
The frost heaving of the soil body in the cold region and the influence thereof on engineering buildings are increasingly serious, and the research on the measurement of the frost heaving amount in the frost soil region gradually becomes a hotspot of the engineering community. The frost heaving force and the frost heaving amount are mainly influenced by factors such as water, heat and force, the coupling effect of the factors such as the water, the heat and the force is difficult to realize simultaneously by the conventional test equipment, and the conventional test equipment has certain limitation in use. In addition, the existing test equipment can only change a single factor, so that the difference between the simulated environment and the implementation situation is large during the test, and the reliability of the test result is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In conclusion, how to solve the problem of low reliability of the experimental result of the conventional frozen soil frost heaving measurement test equipment becomes a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing hydromechanical coupling comprises:
the sample loading system comprises an assembly frame, the assembly frame is provided with a sample placing chamber, and a water supplementing structure for supplementing water to a sample is arranged on the assembly frame;
the refrigeration system comprises a heat-conducting plate which is used for being in contact with a sample to regulate the temperature of the sample, and the heat-conducting plate is movably arranged on the assembly frame and is used for being in contact with the sample in the sample placing chamber;
data acquisition system, data acquisition system including the computer and with computer communication connection's displacement collection appearance, pressure collection appearance, moisture collection appearance and temperature collection appearance, the displacement collection appearance has displacement sensor, pressure collection appearance has pressure sensor, moisture collection appearance has moisture sensor, temperature collection appearance has temperature sensor, moisture sensor and temperature sensor set up in the sample is placed indoorly, pressure sensor for assembly frame fixed mounting and with the heat-conducting plate is connected, is used for acquireing the sample frost heaving power, displacement sensor for assembly frame fixed mounting and with the heat-conducting plate is connected, is used for acquireing the sample frost heaving displacement.
Preferably, in the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the water thermal power coupling effect, the assembly frame is provided with a measuring hole which is communicated with the sample placing chamber and is used for measuring the water content and the temperature of the sample; the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor are arranged in the sample, and data lines connected with the moisture sensor and the temperature sensor respectively extend out of the assembly frame through the measuring holes and are connected with the computer; the measuring hole is divided into a temperature measuring hole and a moisture measuring hole, and the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor are respectively inserted into the sample corresponding to the temperature measuring hole and the moisture measuring hole to measure the temperature and the moisture of the sample.
Preferably, in the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the hydromechanical-thermal coupling effect, the assembly frame is further provided with a measuring window for measuring frost heaving force and frost heaving displacement, and a fixing frame is arranged above the measuring window; the heat conducting plate is movably arranged on the measuring window; the pressure sensor is arranged on the fixing frame.
Preferably, in the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the water-thermal coupling effect, the water replenishing structure comprises a water replenishing tank, a partition plate is arranged between the water replenishing tank and the sample placing chamber, a plurality of water replenishing holes are formed in the partition plate, and a water replenishing device capable of controlling the amount of water replenished is connected with the water replenishing tank.
Preferably, in the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the water thermal power coupling effect, the measuring window is arranged at the top of the sample placing chamber, and the water replenishing tank is arranged at the lower part of the sample placing chamber; and the upper side of the partition board is provided with a geotechnical partition cloth.
Preferably, in the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the water-thermal coupling effect, the assembly frame is an acrylic assembly frame made of acrylic plates; and a heat insulation layer is arranged on the side surface of the assembly frame.
Preferably, in the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the hydromechanical-thermal coupling effect, the fixing frame is a metal fixing frame; the mount is including connecting the support arm and installing the support arm, connect the support arm transversely set up and with assembly frame fixed connection, the upper end of installing the support arm with it connects to connect the support arm, in the lower tip of installing the support arm is fixed and is provided with pressure sensor, pressure sensor butt is in the lower extreme of installing the support arm with between the heat-conducting plate.
Preferably, in the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the water-heat-power coupling effect, an insulation board is arranged above the heat conduction plate; and a wire mesh is arranged between the geotechnical separation cloth and the partition plate.
Preferably, in the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the water-thermal coupling effect, the water supplementing device is of a syringe structure, and the water supplementing device supplements water to the water supplementing groove in a pressure water injection manner.
Preferably, in the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the water-thermal-power coupling effect provided by the invention, the heat conducting plate is provided with a docking port for connecting with external refrigeration equipment, and a coil structure connected with the docking port is arranged in the heat conducting plate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
through the structural design, the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the water-heat power coupling effect has the following advantages:
1. the test soil sample temperature control device is exquisite in structure and reasonable in design, the heat conduction plate is connected with the refrigerating machine, the heat conduction plate provides cold energy, temperature control of the test sample is achieved, and the humidity of the test soil sample can be increased through the water replenishing structure arranged on the assembling frame when needed. Different parameter testing instruments are arranged on the assembly frame, so that the measurement of parameters such as temperature, moisture, frost heaving force, frost heaving displacement and the like in the frost heaving process can be measured according to requirements, the coupling effect of factors such as water, heat, force and the like is realized, and the test result is accurate, scientific and precise.
2. The water replenishing structure is arranged, so that the water can be replenished to the sample through the water replenishing structure, and the water content of different soil layers of the sample can be changed in time.
3. The refrigeration system is arranged to simulate the top-down freezing in the natural environment, and different temperatures can be adjusted at different times through the circulating system of the refrigerator, so that the actual situation can be better approached, and the test accuracy is improved.
4. Set up the mount on assembly frame, prevent through the mount that heat-conducting plate and heated board produce the frost heaving displacement when measuring the frost heaving force, it can improve experimental accuracy nature, has improved the accuracy of frost heaving force measurement, has promoted experimental reliability. When the frost heaving displacement is measured, the fixing frame is detached, the frost heaving displacement is measured by the displacement sensors, and the reliability of the test result is further ensured.
5. Through the multilayer heat insulation material and the arrangement of the rubber plug, a large amount of cold loss is reduced, and the reliability of the test is further ensured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frost heaving gauge for implementing a water-thermal coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a frost heaving gauge at a partition for implementing a water thermal coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a frost heaving gauge at a fixing frame for implementing a water-thermal coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a frost heaving gauge for implementing a water thermal coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another side of the frost heaving gauge for implementing a water-thermal coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 1 to 5, reference numerals indicate:
an assembly frame 1, a sample placing chamber 2, a heat conducting plate 3, a displacement sensor 4, a pressure sensor 5,
A fixing frame 6, a water supplementing groove 7, a clapboard 8, a water supplementing device 9, a geotechnical partition cloth 10, a connecting support arm 11,
The mounting support arm 12, the insulation board 13, the silk screen 14, the measuring hole 15 and the water replenishing hole 16.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. The various examples are provided by way of explanation of the invention, and not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment, can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. It is therefore intended that the present invention encompass such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used herein should be interpreted broadly, and may include, for example, a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate members, and specific meanings of the above terms will be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frost heaving gauge for implementing a water thermal coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a frost heaving gauge at a partition for implementing a water thermal coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a frost heaving gauge at a fixing frame for implementing a water-thermal coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a frost heaving gauge for implementing a water thermal coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 5 is another schematic structural diagram of the frost heaving measuring apparatus for implementing the water thermal coupling effect according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides a frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing a water-heat coupling effect, which can be used for performing a frost heaving test on frozen soil by integrating three factors of water, heat and force.
In the invention, the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the water-heat coupling effect comprises the following components:
a sample loading system:
the sample loading system is used for loading frozen soil samples and providing test sites for the frozen soil samples.
The sample assembling system comprises an assembling frame 1, as a preferred embodiment of the invention, the assembling frame 1 is made of acrylic materials, the assembling frame 1 can be integrally formed by the acrylic materials, then various openings are formed in the assembling frame 1, or the assembling frame 1 is formed by connecting and assembling acrylic plates through bolts, and the assembling of the acrylic plates is sealed by arranging sealant and other means at the plate splicing parts. The assembly frame 1 may also be made of other hard materials, such as stainless steel or aluminum profile. It should be noted that the assembly frame 1 is used for loading frozen soil for testing, and in order to reduce the loss speed of cold energy, the heat-insulating layer is arranged outside the assembly frame 1, is made of a material with a heat-insulating function, and is arranged on the outer side surface of the assembly frame 1 and used for reducing the loss of cold energy.
The assembly frame 1 has a sample placing chamber 2, and a water replenishing structure for replenishing water to the sample is provided on the assembly frame 1.
Specifically, the assembly frame 1 is designed to have a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and a mounting space is formed at the top of the assembly frame 1 and the side wall of the assembly frame by extending upwards, so as to be used for assembling the fixing frame 6.
The bottom of the assembly frame 1 is provided with a water supplementing structure, water is supplemented to the frozen soil in the sample placing chamber 2 from the bottom, the condition that groundwater is supplemented to the frozen soil in the prior art can be simulated, and a real scene is restored to the maximum extent.
Of course, the water replenishing structure may be provided at other positions of the assembly frame 1 so as to replenish water to the frozen soil sample.
For the water replenishing structure, the invention mainly has the following two structural forms:
the first type is that a partition plate 8 is arranged in an assembly frame 1, a sample placing chamber 2 is arranged on the upper portion of the partition plate 8, a water supplementing groove 7 is arranged on the lower portion of the partition plate 8, a plurality of water supplementing holes 16 are uniformly distributed on the partition plate 8, water is injected into the water supplementing groove 7, and water can be supplemented to frozen soil in the sample placing chamber 2 through the water supplementing holes 16.
For the water injection of the water replenishing tank 7, the invention adopts the following structure: set up a moisturizing device, the moisturizing device sets up in the lower part of sample placing chamber 2, and the moisturizing device passes through the hose to be connected with moisturizing groove 7, through raising or reducing the moisturizing device, under the effect of water pressure difference, controls the moisturizing device to the water injection volume (and water injection pressure) of moisturizing groove 7 to adjust the humidity of different soil layers.
The second kind, set up the moisturizing board in the below of sample placing chamber 2, the inside rivers route that is provided with of moisturizing board, set up the moisturizing hole 16 with rivers route intercommunication on the surface of moisturizing board, then be connected with moisturizing device through the hose, moisturizing device 9 is the same with the moisturizing device structure of above-mentioned (first kind of structure), through raising or reducing the moisturizing device, under the effect of water pressure difference, control moisturizing device is to the water injection volume (and water injection pressure) of moisturizing board, thereby adjust the moisturizing volume of frozen soil.
The water replenishing device 9 is of a needle cylinder type structure, and the water replenishing device 9 replenishes water to the water replenishing groove 7 in a pressure water injection mode. In the invention, the water supplementing device 9 is an injector, the water supplementing device 9 is provided with a needle cylinder, a piston is arranged in the needle cylinder, the piston is pushed and pulled by a push rod, water absorption (water is absorbed from the outside and supplemented into the water supplementing device 9) and water injection (water in the water supplementing device 9 is injected into the water supplementing groove 7) can be realized, and water supplementation is injected into the water supplementing groove 7 or the water supplementing plate by the injector, so that the water supplementing amount of frozen soil can be accurately controlled, and a real stratum can be simulated.
The whole frame of assembly frame 1 is assembled by the ya keli board and is formed, and its coefficient of heat conductivity is relatively poor, and workable, sets up sample placing chamber 2 in the assembly frame 1, and the below of sample placing chamber 2 sets up the moisturizing structure, can give the sample moisturizing immediately, and the top of sample placing chamber 2 sets up refrigerating system's heat-conducting plate 3, sample reinforcingsystem and data acquisition system to wrap up insulation material outside it, can prevent calorific loss.
A refrigeration system:
the refrigerating system is mainly used for providing cold energy and adjusting the temperature of the frozen soil.
Specifically, refrigerating system is including being used for carrying out temperature regulation's heat-conducting plate 3 with the sample contact to the sample, and heat-conducting plate 3 movably sets up in assembly frame 1 and be used for with the sample contact in the sample placing chamber 2.
In the present invention, the heat-conducting plate 3 has two functions: 1. providing cold energy to the sample; 2. the device is used for contacting with a sample and measuring the frost heaving force and frost heaving displacement. Of course, the present invention may also provide a test board for measuring the frost heaving force and frost heaving displacement instead of the heat conductive plate 3.
The heat conducting plate 3 has the following specific structure: the heat conducting plate 3 is provided with a butt joint port for being connected with external refrigeration equipment, and a coil pipe structure connected with the butt joint port is arranged in the heat conducting plate 3. The coil structure may be a tube structure formed within the heat-conducting plate 3 or may be a separate "tube" disposed within the heat-conducting plate 3. The heat-conducting plate 3 is preferably made of a metal material having excellent heat-conducting properties, such as a steel plate, so that the transfer of cold energy can be accelerated and the delay in adjusting the temperature of the frozen soil can be reduced.
In order to reduce the loss of cold energy on the heat conduction plate 3, the heat insulation plate 13 is arranged on the outer side (upper side) of the heat conduction plate 3, and the heat insulation plate 13 is made of a heat insulation functional material.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the invention is equipped with the measuring window used for carrying on frost heaving force and frost heaving displacement measurement on the assembly frame 1, there is a fixed mount 6 above the measuring window; the heat conducting plate 3 is movably arranged on the measuring window.
The appearance profile of the heat conduction plate 3 is similar to the measuring window and slightly smaller than the measuring window, and the heat conduction plate 3 is assembled on the measuring window, so that frozen soil can be prevented from being extruded out from frost heaving deformation of a gap (the gap between the heat conduction plate 3 and the measuring window), and can move relative to the assembly frame 1, and measurement of frost heaving force and frost heaving displacement can be realized.
Furthermore, the invention is provided with angle steel at the edge of the measuring window and inside the assembly frame 1 for supporting the heat conducting plate 3.
The fixing bracket 6 is made of a metal material (e.g., a steel material), and is mounted to the mounting frame 1 by bolts for fixing various sensors, such as the pressure sensor 5 and the displacement sensor 4.
Specifically, the fixing frame 6 includes a connecting arm 11 and a mounting arm 12, and the connecting arm 11 is transversely disposed and fixedly connected to the assembly frame 1 through a bolt. The assembly frame 1 has four lateral walls, four lateral walls upwards extend for the measurement window and set up and form installation space, mount 6 has four and connects support arm 11, four are connected support arm 11 and form the setting of "#" font, four equal overlap joints in the lateral wall top of assembly frame 1 of both ends of connecting support arm 11 and pass through the bolt fastening, fixed installation support arm 12 that is provided with in the handing-over point department of two crisscross connecting support arms 11, connecting support arm 11 is provided with four, the handing-over point between the connecting support arm 11 has four, therefore, installation support arm 12 also is provided with 4. The upper end of the mounting arm 12 is connected to the connecting arm 11, the lower end of the mounting arm 12 is disposed toward the heat conducting plate 3, the lower end of the mounting arm 12 is fixedly provided with a pressure sensor 5, and the pressure sensor 5 abuts between the lower end of the mounting arm 12 and the heat conducting plate 3.
According to the common sense: in order to better simulate a real environment, a measuring window is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the assembly frame 1, a water replenishing groove 7 is arranged at the bottom of the assembly frame 1, cooling capacity is provided for the frozen soil from the upper part by the heat conduction plate 3, and water is replenished for the frozen soil from the bottom by the water replenishing groove 7.
The geotechnical separation cloth 10 is arranged on the upper side of the partition plate 8, and is mainly used for uniformly replenishing frozen soil. At geotechnique's downside that separates cloth 10 to the upside that is located baffle 8 has set up silk screen 14, is supported geotechnique's separation cloth 10 by silk screen 14, can also avoid the soil block granule that drops on the sample to block up the moisturizing hole 16 on the baffle 8 simultaneously.
Data acquisition system
The data acquisition system is a system for realizing various data acquisition.
The data acquisition system comprises a computer, and a displacement acquisition instrument, a pressure acquisition instrument, a moisture acquisition instrument and a temperature acquisition instrument which are in communication connection with the computer, wherein the displacement acquisition instrument is provided with a displacement sensor 4. Computers are used to aggregate, analyze and record various measurement data. The displacement acquisition instrument, the pressure acquisition instrument, the moisture acquisition instrument and the temperature acquisition instrument which are connected with the computer can realize the measurement of the frost heaving displacement, the frost heaving force, the water content of the sample and the temperature of the sample, the data acquisition is communicated with the computer in a wired connection or wireless connection mode, and the acquired data can be sent to the computer in real time.
The pressure acquisition instrument has a pressure sensor 5, the moisture acquisition instrument has a moisture sensor, and the temperature acquisition instrument has a temperature sensor. Moisture sensor and temperature sensor set up in sample placing chamber 2, and pressure sensor 5 is for assembly frame 1 fixed mounting and be connected with heat-conducting plate 3, be used for acquireing sample frost heaving force, and displacement sensor 4 is for assembly frame 1 fixed mounting and be connected with heat-conducting plate 3, be used for acquireing sample frost heaving displacement.
The measurement of the water content and the temperature of the sample requires that a sensor is inserted into the sample, so the invention opens a measuring hole 15 which is communicated with the sample placing chamber 2 and is used for measuring the water content and the temperature of the sample on the assembly frame 1. Temperature sensor and moisture sensor all set up inside the sample, and the data line of being connected with moisture sensor and temperature sensor stretches out assembly frame 1 and is connected with the computer through measuring hole 15 respectively. The measuring hole 15 is divided into a temperature measuring hole and a moisture measuring hole, and the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor are respectively inserted into the sample corresponding to the temperature measuring hole and the moisture measuring hole to measure the temperature and the moisture of the sample.
Further, according to the present invention, the rubber stoppers are provided on the moisture sensor body and the temperature sensor body, and the rubber stoppers seal the moisture sensor body and the temperature sensor body when they are mounted on the measurement hole 15 (the moisture sensor probe and the temperature sensor probe are inserted into the sample from the measurement hole 15), so that the loss of moisture and cold can be reduced, and the firmness of mounting the moisture sensor and the temperature sensor on the measurement hole 15 can be improved.
The invention provides a frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing a water-heating power coupling effect, which comprises a refrigerating system, a data acquisition system and a sample loading system, wherein a water supplementing system, namely a water supplementing structure, is integrated on the sample loading system.
The refrigerating system comprises a heat conduction plate 3, a heat insulation plate 13, an external heat insulation material arranged outside the assembly frame 1 and an external refrigerator. Heat-conducting plate 3 and heated board 13 are placed in the top of sample placing chamber 2 (under the user state, heat-conducting plate 3 and heated board 13 set up the top at sample placing chamber 2) through the angle steel of fixing on assembly frame 1, use insulation material parcel to live pipe (the pipe of usefulness is connected with heat-conducting plate 3 to outside refrigerant) and assembly frame 1. The temperature of the antifreeze is reduced to the temperature required by the test through an external refrigerator, the antifreeze is transmitted to the heat conduction plate 3 through the guide pipe wrapped by the heat insulation material, and the heat conduction plate 3 is utilized to exchange cold energy, so that the sample reaches the target temperature, and the heat loss in the heat conduction process can be reduced by arranging the heat insulation material.
The data acquisition system comprises a computer, a displacement sensor 4, a displacement acquisition instrument, a pressure sensor 5, a pressure acquisition instrument, a moisture sensor, a moisture acquisition instrument, a temperature sensor and a temperature acquisition instrument. The measuring hole 15 is divided into a temperature measuring hole and a moisture measuring hole, and a sensor can be inserted into a sample to measure the sample.
And respectively connecting the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor to the temperature acquisition instrument and the moisture acquisition instrument, and transmitting the acquired data to the computer.
The displacement sensor 4 and the pressure sensor 5 are fixed above the heat insulation board 13, the displacement acquisition instrument and the pressure acquisition instrument are connected to transmit data to the computer, the water content, the frost heaving force and the frost heaving amount of the sample can be observed in real time through data acquisition, and the computer draws a curve to observe the change trend of the sample.
The displacement sensor 4 is a displacement meter, is matched with a displacement collector for use, and can transmit the frost heaving amount of a sample to a computer for automatic recording.
The fixing frame 6 (steel bar framework) is used when measuring the frost heaving force, the fixing frame 6 is not used when measuring the frost heaving amount, the displacement sensor 4 is provided with a magnetic gauge stand, and the displacement sensor 4 is fixed on the assembly frame 1 by using the magnetic gauge stand.
The measuring holes 15, namely the temperature measuring hole and the moisture measuring hole are inserted with rubber plugs connecting with the sensors, so that heat loss is prevented.
The water supplementing system comprises a water supplementing device, a water supplementing groove 7 or a water supplementing plate, geotechnical partition cloth 10 and a wire mesh 14. The wire mesh 14 may be a wire mesh or a plastic wire mesh.
The moisturizing device sets up in the outside of assembly frame 1 and can set up highly adjusting it, but the position of moisturizing device will be higher than moisturizing groove 7, with water piping connection moisturizing device and moisturizing groove 7 or moisturizing board, geotechnological separate cloth 10 and wire net 14 put in the below of sample placing chamber 2. According to the invention, the height of the water replenishing device is adjusted, the sample is replenished with water at any time by using pressure difference, and the geotechnical separation cloth 10 and the steel wire mesh 14 are used for preventing water from scattering the sample or preventing silt in the sample from falling into the water tank. In addition, the geotechnical barrier cloth 10 can prevent water from directly impacting the sample to cause insufficient compactness of the sample and liquefaction of the sample during water replenishing, and the wire mesh 14 can prevent large-diameter particles in the sample from inadvertently falling into the water tank.
The sample loading system comprises an assembly frame 1, wherein the assembly frame 1 is provided with a sample placing chamber 2, a fixed frame 6 is fixed on the assembly frame 1 through bolts, a pressure sensor 5 is placed below the fixed frame 6, and a sample and a sensor position are fixed for measurement.
In order to simulate the natural environment to freeze from top to bottom, a measuring window is arranged at the top of the sample placing chamber 2, and the heat conducting plate 3 is arranged on the measuring window, so that the freezing from top to bottom can be simulated. The refrigerator promotes the experiment precision for circulation freezes to experimenter can control the experiment temperature through refrigerating system.
The computer of the data acquisition system can acquire the frost heaving force, frost heaving amount (frost heaving displacement), moisture content and temperature of the sample in real time through the displacement acquisition instrument, the pressure acquisition instrument, the moisture acquisition instrument and the temperature acquisition instrument.
The assembly frame 1 is provided with the moisturizing structure, and the experimenter can control sample moisture content at any time, observes frozen expansion power, the frozen expansion volume of experiment under the different moisture content condition.
When the frost heaving force is measured, the displacement generated by frost heaving of the sample is prevented from generating errors on measurement of the frost heaving force, the fixing frame 6 is connected with the assembling frame 1 through bolts, and the positions of the heat-conducting plate 3 and the heat-insulating plate 13 are fixed, so that the heat-insulating plate 13 and the heat-conducting plate 3 do not generate frost heaving displacement, and the measurement accuracy of the frost heaving force is improved; when the frost heaving displacement is measured, only the steel frame is removed to measure the displacement of the heat insulation plate 13 and the heat conduction plate 3.
The invention can realize the coupling effect of water, heat, force and other factors, and can measure frost heaving deformation, frost heaving force, temperature, moisture and other parameters in the frost heaving process according to requirements.
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the frost heaving tester for realizing the water-heat coupling effect aiming at the defects of the prior art, the tester has the advantages of exquisite structure, reasonable design, accurate test result and popularization and application, and can simultaneously realize the coupling effect of factors such as water, heat, force and the like.
In the invention, the angle steel is fixed in the assembly frame 1, the position of the angle steel is just above the measuring window, the heat conducting plate 3 is placed on the angle steel, and the inside of the heat conducting plate 3 is a circulating pipeline, so that the antifreeze can circulate in the angle steel, thereby reducing the temperature of the heat conducting plate 3 to the temperature required by the experiment. The left end and the right end of the heat conducting plate 3 are respectively provided with an inlet hole and an outlet hole of the antifreeze, the antifreeze conduit is connected with the inlet hole and the outlet hole, one end of the heat conducting plate is provided with a refrigerator, the refrigerator is used for circulating refrigeration, and the temperature can be adjusted to the temperature required by the experiment. The heat insulation plate 13 is placed on the heat conduction plate 3 to prevent heat loss of the upper part of the heat conduction plate 3.
Dress appearance system still includes the mount 6 that heated board 13 top set up except that lower part sample placing chamber 2, fixes 6 tip on the top of assembly frame 1 with the bolt, and mount 6 is the steelframe, and the centre of mount 6 is provided with four installation support arms 12, and the lower extreme of installation support arm 12 withstands heated board 13 and heat-conducting plate 3, and its aim at need prevent the displacement that the sample frost heaving produced when measuring the frost heaving force to the measurement of frost heaving force error. The fixing frame 6 is connected with the assembling frame 1 through bolts, and the positions of the heat-conducting plate 3 and the heat-insulating plate 13 are fixed, so that the heat-insulating plate 13 and the heat-conducting plate 3 do not generate frost heaving displacement, and the measurement precision of frost heaving force is improved. Only the displacement of the heat insulation plate 13 and the heat conduction plate 3 needs to be measured when the frost heaving displacement is measured.
In the data acquisition system, the top end of the displacement sensor 4 is placed on the heat preservation plate 13, and the four displacement meters ensure the accuracy of measuring the frost heaving displacement. Four pressure sensors 5 are placed at the position where the steel frame is pressed against the heat insulation plate 13, and the plurality of pressure sensors 5 are also used for ensuring the accuracy of measuring the frost heaving force. The temperature sensors are arranged at two ends of the sample placing chamber 2, and a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged at equal intervals from top to bottom to measure the instant temperatures of different soil layers. The moisture sensors are placed at two ends of the sample placing chamber 2, a plurality of moisture sensors are arranged at equal intervals from top to bottom, and instant moisture of different soil layers is measured so as to supplement water in time. All temperature measuring holes and moisture measuring holes are connected with a sensor through rubber plugs and inserted into the holes, so that heat loss is prevented.
Through the structural design, the frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing the water-heat power coupling effect has the following advantages:
1. the testing device is exquisite in structure and reasonable in design, the heat conduction plate 3 is connected with the refrigerating machine, the heat conduction plate 3 provides cold energy, temperature control of a sample is achieved, and the humidity of the testing soil sample can be increased through the water replenishing structure arranged on the assembling frame 1 when needed. Different parameter testing instruments are arranged on the assembly frame 1, so that the measurement of parameters such as temperature, moisture, frost heaving force, frost heaving displacement and the like in the frost heaving process can be measured according to requirements, the coupling effect of factors such as water, heat and force is realized, and the test result is accurate, scientific and precise.
2. The water replenishing structure is arranged, so that the water can be replenished to the sample through the water replenishing structure, and the water content of different soil layers of the sample can be changed in time.
3. The refrigeration system is arranged to simulate the top-down freezing in the natural environment, and different temperatures can be adjusted at different times through the circulating system of the refrigerator, so that the actual situation can be better approached, and the test accuracy is improved.
4. Set up mount 6 on assembly frame 1, prevent through mount 6 that heat-conducting plate 3 and heated board 13 from producing the frost heaving displacement when measuring the frost heaving force, it can improve experimental accuracy nature, has improved the accuracy of frost heaving force measurement, has promoted experimental reliability. When the frost heaving displacement is measured, the fixing frame 6 is detached, the frost heaving displacement is measured by the displacement sensors 4 simultaneously, and the reliability of the test result is further ensured.
5. Through the multilayer heat insulation material and the arrangement of the rubber plug, a large amount of cold loss is reduced, and the reliability of the test is further ensured.
The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
the first step is as follows:
on-site sampling, according to the different degree of depth, dig and get each layer soil sample, put into dark plastic bag with the sample after the sample, put into the incubator after tying up the sack, prevent the loss of moisture and melting of sample.
The second step is that:
the water supplementing device 9 is placed on the outer side of the assembly frame 1, is higher than the position of the water supplementing structure and can move up and down, the water supplementing device 9 and the water supplementing structure are connected through a water pipe, and the geotechnical separation cloth 10 and the steel wire mesh 14 are laid.
The third step: pouring the sample in the incubator into the sample placing chamber 2, pouring the sample in layers and compacting the sample, and roughly processing the contact positions between the layers, such as scratching a plurality of scratches according to a cross shape, so that the layers are better bonded and the fault is prevented; and during the period, the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor which are worn with rubber plugs are inserted into the soil, so that the insertion after compaction is prevented from influencing the compactness of the sample.
The fourth step: the humidity of different soil layers is adjusted by changing the height of the water supplementing device 9 until the target water content of the experimenter is reached, and the water supplementing device 9 height can be changed at any time in subsequent steps to adjust the water content of the sample
The fifth step: the heat conducting plate 3 and the heat insulation plate 13 are placed on the angle steel, so that the refrigerator can be directly started for saving time, and the temperature of the refrigerating fluid is reduced in advance.
And a sixth step: the fixing frame 6 is fixed to the assembly frame 1 by bolts, and the position of the pressure sensor 5 is adjusted before the fixing, and is placed at the center of the lower end portion of the mounting arm 12 of the fixing frame 6.
The seventh step: and (3) waiting for the refrigerating machine to circulate the refrigerating fluid to enable the sample to reach the required temperature and gradually start the frost heaving process, observing the temperature, the moisture and the frost heaving force of the sample in real time through a computer, and obtaining the required frost heaving force after the frost heaving force is stable.
Eighth step: and (4) dismantling the fixing frame 6, installing the displacement sensor 4, and repeating the steps to obtain the frost heaving displacement.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A frost heaving measuring instrument for realizing water-heat power coupling effect is characterized by comprising:
the sample loading system comprises an assembly frame (1), wherein the assembly frame is provided with a sample placing chamber (2), and a water supplementing structure for supplementing water to a sample is arranged on the assembly frame;
the refrigeration system comprises a heat conduction plate (3) which is used for being in contact with a sample to regulate the temperature of the sample, and the heat conduction plate is movably arranged on the assembly frame and is used for being in contact with the sample in the sample placing chamber;
the data acquisition system comprises a computer, and a displacement acquisition instrument, a pressure acquisition instrument, a moisture acquisition instrument and a temperature acquisition instrument which are in communication connection with the computer, wherein the displacement acquisition instrument is provided with a displacement sensor (4), the pressure acquisition instrument is provided with a pressure sensor (5), the moisture acquisition instrument is provided with a moisture sensor, the temperature acquisition instrument is provided with a temperature sensor, the moisture sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in the sample placing chamber, the pressure sensor is fixedly arranged relative to the assembly frame and is connected with the heat-conducting plate for acquiring the frost heaving force of the sample, and the displacement sensor is fixedly arranged relative to the assembly frame and is connected with the heat-conducting plate for acquiring the frost heaving displacement of the sample;
the assembly frame is provided with a measuring hole (15) which is communicated with the sample placing chamber and is used for measuring the water content and the temperature of the sample;
the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor are arranged in the sample, and data lines connected with the moisture sensor and the temperature sensor respectively extend out of the assembly frame through the measuring holes and are connected with the computer;
the measuring hole is divided into a temperature measuring hole and a moisture measuring hole, and the temperature sensor and the moisture sensor are respectively inserted into the sample corresponding to the temperature measuring hole and the moisture measuring hole to measure the temperature and the moisture of the sample;
the assembling frame is also provided with a measuring window for measuring frost heaving force and frost heaving displacement, and a fixing frame (6) is arranged above the measuring window;
the heat conducting plate is movably arranged on the measuring window;
the pressure sensor is arranged on the fixed frame;
the water supplementing structure comprises a water supplementing groove (7), a partition plate (8) is arranged between the water supplementing groove and the sample placing chamber, a plurality of water supplementing holes (16) are formed in the partition plate, and a water supplementing device (9) capable of controlling the amount of supplemented water is connected with the water supplementing groove;
the moisture sensor probe and the temperature sensor probe are inserted into the sample from the measuring hole and are sealed by the rubber plugs when the moisture sensor body and the temperature sensor body are installed on the measuring hole.
2. The frost heaving measuring instrument for implementing hydromechanical-thermal coupling according to claim 1,
the measuring window is arranged at the top of the sample placing chamber, and the water supplementing groove is arranged at the lower part of the sample placing chamber;
and a geotechnical separation cloth (10) is arranged on the upper side of the partition board.
3. The frost heaving measuring instrument for implementing hydromechanical-thermal coupling according to claim 1,
the assembly frame is an acrylic assembly frame made of acrylic plates;
and a heat insulation layer is arranged on the side surface of the assembly frame.
4. The frost heaving measuring instrument for implementing hydromechanical-thermal coupling according to claim 1,
the fixing frame is a metal fixing frame;
the mount is including connecting support arm (11) and installation support arm (12), connect the support arm transversely set up and with assembly frame fixed connection, the upper end of installation support arm with connect the support arm and connect, in the lower tip of installation support arm is fixed and is provided with pressure sensor, pressure sensor butt is in the lower extreme of installation support arm with between the heat-conducting plate.
5. The frost heaving measuring instrument for implementing hydromechanical-thermal coupling according to claim 2,
an insulation board (13) is arranged above the heat conduction plate;
and a wire mesh (14) is arranged between the geotechnical separation cloth and the partition plate.
6. The frost heaving measuring instrument for implementing hydromechanical-thermal coupling according to claim 1,
the water supplementing device is of a needle cylinder type structure and adopts a pressure water injection mode to supplement water in the water supplementing groove.
7. Frost heaving gauge for implementing hydromechanical coupling according to any of claims 1 to 6,
the heat-conducting plate is provided with a butt joint port for being connected with external refrigeration equipment, and a coil pipe structure connected with the butt joint port is arranged in the heat-conducting plate.
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| CN111157356B (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2023-05-23 | 北京科技大学 | Rock mass ice-containing crack frost heaving force evolution test device under stress disturbance effect |
| CN111189874A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-05-22 | 福州地铁集团有限公司 | Urban underground engineering horizontal freezing simulation device and test method |
| CN113720668B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2024-02-13 | 安徽理工大学 | Device for manufacturing frozen soil dynamic fracture toughness sample |
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