CN110741865A - Planting method for intercropping stylosanthes guianensis - Google Patents
Planting method for intercropping stylosanthes guianensis Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method of intercropping stylosanthes guianensis and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The invention provides a planting method of intercropping stylosanthes guianensis, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed selection: screening out improved varieties of blueberries and stylosanthes guianensis; (2) soil preparation is carried out after land selection; (3) transplanting and field planting: in spring, planting the fine blueberry seeds screened in the step (1) on the planting rows in the step (2); planting Stylosanthes guianensis in 5 months, and planting on two sides of blueberry; (4) field management: and (4) weeding, irrigating, pruning branches, fertilizing, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, mowing and supplementing seedlings for the blueberries and stylosanthes guianensis transplanted and planted in the step (3). The planting method of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis provided by the invention utilizes intercropping, covers and inhibits weeds, increases humus, fixes nitrogen, increases soil fertility, and adjusts the soil temperature, so that the growth of the blueberry in a high-temperature area is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting method of intercropping stylosanthes guianensis and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting.
Background
The blueberry is perennial deciduous leaf or evergreen shrub of Vaccinium of Ericaceae, and is a berry economic tree with high nutritive value. The blueberry is not only a fruit, but also a nutritional health-care product, is rich in anthocyanin and other substances, and has the effects of resisting aging, preventing cancer, improving eyesight and the like. With the continuous expansion of market demands, the planting area of the blueberries in Guangdong is expanding year by year in recent years, and due to the fact that the blueberries grow in light-loving, wet-loving and acid-loving soil, the optimal temperature is 15.6-26.7 ℃, and the blueberries are in subtropical and tropical monsoon climate areas in Guangdong province and are all high-temperature and rainy. Therefore, the blueberry planted in Guangdong often suffers from high temperature and is limited in growth.
Patent application No. 201610369208.X discloses a method for intercropping blueberry orchards, which includes interplanting broad beans 10-11 months per year, harvesting 4-6 months next year, interplanting soybeans in the first 7 th month, and harvesting 8-9 months. The interplanting method disclosed in the patent has the defects that: in the south, 12-2 months per year belong to a low-temperature cold damage stage, no ridge and no biological cover are arranged between the 12-4 months in the blueberry field, no cover is arranged near the root system of the blueberry, so that the effects of continuous heat preservation, water retention and nitrogen fixation are not achieved, the growth of the blueberry is further influenced, and time and space conflicts can occur to the management of the blueberry through broad bean management and harvesting measures, and the growth of the blueberry is also influenced. In addition, as is well known, the time of interplanting does not span the whole year, broad beans and soybeans are interplanted, and the broad beans and the soybeans are harvested in the next year after sowing, so that the cost is correspondingly increased, and when the weeds are prevalent in spring in the next 3-4 months, the weeding process also increases the cost.
Stylosanthes guianensis is high-quality leguminous forage grass in tropical and subtropical regions, and is one of high-quality grass seeds for intercropping in orchards due to the characteristics of strong stress resistance and barren soil resistance. The inventor of the application improves the situation that the blueberries are difficult to plant in high-temperature areas through the research on the planting method of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis.
Disclosure of Invention
Stylosanthes (academic: Stylosanthes, trivial: Sitaro (stylo), Brazilian alfalfa, tropical alfalfa, etc.) is the most growing perennial upright herb in summer. The stylosanthes guianensis has developed root system, multiple branches and clumpy growth, is favorable for high temperature, rainy and humid climate, is suitable for tropical growing areas with annual rainfall more than 1000mm, is drought-resistant, acid-resistant, barren-resistant, short-term waterlogging-resistant, has low requirement on soil, and can grow on tropical brick red soil, loam and sandy ashed soil; the yield of the stylosanthes guianensis is high, the yield of the stylosanthes guianensis is about 450000kg/hm2, and the content of dry matters in the stylosanthes guianensis is 26.57%, the content of crude protein is 2.81%, the content of crude fat is 0.78%, the content of crude fiber is 11.21%, the content of nitrogen-free extract is 10.24%, and the content of crude ash is 1.53%; the stylosanthes guianensis has excellent quality and good palatability, is suitable for being used as green feed for livestock in winter, and can also be processed into grass powder to be used as compound feed for pigs and poultry. The stylosanthes guianensis has strong encroachment, can inhibit weed from spreading, is an excellent grass seed for establishing artificial grasslands, improving natural grasslands by reseeding and maintaining water and soil in tropical zones, and is mainly used for green-cutting modulation of hay and hay powder or green feeding. The stylosanthes guianensis and the blueberries are intercropped, and the stylosanthes guianensis can be used for covering and maintaining water, soil and green manure besides being used for forage grass.
As blueberries grow in light-loving, wet-loving and acid-loving soil, the optimal temperature is 15.6-26.7 ℃, and the blueberries are in subtropical and tropical monsoon climate areas in Guangdong province, so that the blueberries are high in temperature and rainy days comprehensively. Therefore, the growth of the blueberries is limited by high temperature in the high-temperature period in summer in the south, particularly in the beginning of 5 months, and the blueberry planting belongs to a technology with more complicated and complicated fine management cost. Although the growth of the stylosanthes guianensis is slow in the seedling stage, once the plants are sealed (namely, the ground is completely covered), the stylosanthes guianensis can grow quickly, so that the ground is covered, the growth of weeds is inhibited, and humus is increased. The method for intercropping the blueberries into the stylosanthes guianensis can maintain soil moisture, reduce soil temperature in summer and improve soil temperature in winter, so that the growth of the blueberries is facilitated, natural enemies of various pests can be induced to inhabit, the natural control capability of the blueberry pests is improved, the use of chemical pesticides is reduced, and the ecological benefit is facilitated.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a planting method of intercropping stylosanthes guianensis.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a planting method of blueberry intercropping stylosanthes guianensis comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: screening out improved varieties of blueberries and stylosanthes guianensis;
(2) land selection and preparation: selecting flat land with organic matter content more than or equal to 3%, soil pH of 4.0-5.2, sufficient water source and good drainage or hilly land with gradient less than or equal to 10%; weeding, ridging according to the terrain, deeply ploughing the soil on the planting rows, and applying a matrix;
(3) transplanting and field planting: in spring, planting the fine blueberry seeds screened in the step (1) on the planting rows in the step (2), digging planting holes before planting, applying base fertilizer to each hole, and watering root fixing water in time after planting; planting Stylosanthes guianensis at 5, planting on two sides of blueberry, and watering root in time after planting;
(4) field management: and (4) carrying out field management of weeding, irrigating, branch pruning, fertilization, pest control, cutting and seedling supplementing on the blueberries and stylosanthes guianensis transplanted and planted in the step (3).
Preferably, in the step (1), the improved blueberry seeds are selected to have 3-5 branches, the height of the seedlings is more than 30cm, the root hairs are complete, no mechanical damage exists, and blueberry seedlings with three or more years are planted, wherein the blueberry seeds are rabbit eyes or southern highbush V3; the improved variety of the stylosanthes guianensis is selected from stylosanthes guianensis seedlings which are free from diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage and grow robustly.
In the step (2), the water source is sufficient to meet the irrigation requirement of the blueberry garden in dry seasons; and adjusting the pH of the soil, adding sulfur powder into the plots with the pH value of more than 5.2 to adjust the acidity of the soil, and adding lime into the plots with the pH value of less than 4.0 to adjust the acidity of the soil so as to maintain the pH value of the soil between 4.0 and 5.2.
Preferably, the ridge height after ridging is 0.40m, the upper layer width is 0.80m, and the lower layer width is 1.0 m; the substrate comprises 30% of wormcast, 30% of peat soil, 20% of peanut shell and 20% of cow dung in percentage by weight.
Preferably, in the step (3), the aperture of the planting hole is 50cm, and the depth of the planting hole is 40 cm; after the field planting of the blueberries is completed, topping and pruning are carried out, so that the later growth nutritional requirements of the blueberries are ensured; the row spacing of the blueberries after field planting is 1.5-2.0m multiplied by 2.0-3.0 m; the plant spacing of the stylosanthes guianensis after field planting is 0.5m, and the distance of the stylosanthes guianensis after field planting is 0.4m from blueberries.
The stylosanthes guianensis is planted on the two sides of the blueberries, intercropping is utilized, weeds are covered and inhibited, humus is increased, nitrogen is fixed, soil fertility is increased, and soil temperature is regulated, so that the growth of the blueberries in high-temperature areas is improved.
Preferably, in the step (4), the weeding is that seedlings grow slowly and are easily damaged by weeds in the initial stage of the stylosanthes guianensis cultivation, and artificial intertillage weeding is performed in the initial stage; the irrigation period and times are determined according to soil moisture content and rainfall conditions, and watering is carried out before 10 am and after 4 pm in summer or at overhigh temperature; the pruning branches comprise pruning dead branches, broken branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches.
Preferably, in the step (4), the fertilization is that after the blueberry is planted, a compound biological organic fertilizer is applied every month, a biological bacteria solid fertilizer is applied in 7 months, a peanut bran powder fertilizer and a compound fertilizer are applied in 8 months, and a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied in 5-12 months and every month.
Preferably, the compound bio-organic fertilizer is a compound bio-organic fertilizer with a volume ratio of peanut bran fertilizer or earthworm liquid fertilizer to water of 1: 200; 0.1 kg of biological bacteria solid fertilizer is broadcast to each plant; 0.15 kg of peanut bran powder fertilizer is broadcast to each plant, and 0.15 kg of compound fertilizer is broadcast to each plant; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is a solution formed by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water in a volume ratio of 1: 1000.
Preferably, the peanut bran fertilizer comprises peanut bran, fish protein, bean pulp, plant fiber and wormcast.
Preferably, in the step (4), the biopesticide is sprayed once a month from 5 months to 12 months. Control of leaf spot: spraying 700 times of solution of 500-; control of powdery mildew: using 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times liquid, or 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid, or 30% tefurazolin 5000 times liquid; control of gray mold: using 25% carbendazim 300 times liquid, 50% captan 800 times liquid and 50% hydantoin 500 times liquid; for the control of root rot: dripping roots, namely dripping the roots with 600 times of liquid of 40% asparagus cyan powder; the Bordeaux mixture is applied before blooming to increase the differentiation of flower bud.
Preferably, in the step (4), the pillar flowers and plants are mowed in 7-8 months, the height of the mowed pillar flowers and plants is 20-15cm, and the mowed pillar flowers and plants are used as green feed or cover the bare ground.
Preferably, in the step (4), if the seedlings are dead and lacking after being transplanted and survive, the seedlings are supplemented in time, and the seedlings of stylosanthes guianensis and blueberries are supplemented by 1 plant per hole.
Preferably, the planting method further comprises the step of harvesting the matured stylosanthes guianensis seeds and the blueberries; the time for harvesting the matured stylosanthes guianensis seeds is 12 months to 1 month in the next year.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the planting method of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis, provided by the invention, by utilizing intercropping, the coverage of the stylosanthes guianensis inhibits the growth of weeds, humus is increased, the nitrogen fixation of the stylosanthes guianensis increases the soil fertility, the soil temperature is regulated, and the stylosanthes guianensis can be used for forage grass and can also play a role in covering, maintaining water and soil and green manure, so that the growth of blueberries in a high-temperature area is improved;
(2) the planting method of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis provided by the invention has obvious promotion effects on the improvement of blueberry branches and the improvement of fruit clusters, and compared with the blueberry without the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis, the branches are increased by 60 percent, the fruit clusters are increased by 69 percent, and the plant height is increased by 13 percent;
(3) according to the planting method of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis, the stylosanthes guianensis and the blueberries are intercropped, the evaporation amount of surface water is reduced to the minimum, the water content required by the growth and development stages of the blueberries is ensured, the stylosanthes guianensis can play a certain role in reducing the surface temperature, the coverage of the stylosanthes guianensis resists the direct irradiation of sunlight, the surface temperature can be reduced by 1-3 ℃, the soil humidity is increased by 13-50%, and the soil temperature is reduced by 2-15%;
(4) according to the planting method of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis, the stylosanthes guianensis and the blueberries are intercropped, the soil of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis can improve the soil structure to a certain extent, the soil structure is hydrophobic, the salt content of the soil is reduced by rain wash in rainy days, and the washing effect is better than that of the stylosanthes guianensis for covering the soil, so that the salinity and the conductivity of the soil are lower;
(5) the stylosanthes guianensis is perennial, and repeated sowing is not needed, so that compared with the method for intercropping other crops by the blueberries, the method for planting the stylosanthes guianensis saves labor force and cost;
(6) according to the planting method for intercropping the blueberries into the stylosanthes guianensis, the stylosanthes guianensis can better adapt to the climatic conditions in the south, the utilization rate of land and the utilization rate of resources can be improved, the space is intensively utilized, a better demonstration effect is achieved on the development of three-dimensional planting, and the problem of the contradiction of cultivated land shortage is effectively solved.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment is a planting method of intercropping stylosanthes guianensis of blueberries, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting a variety of rabbit eyes from the improved blueberry seeds, wherein the rabbit eyes have 3 branches, the seedling height is 32cm, the root hairs are complete, no mechanical damage exists, and the blueberry seedlings are planted for three years; selecting improved variety of stylosanthes guianensis, selecting strong stylosanthes guianensis seedling without diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage, and selecting variety of stylosanthes guianensis by irradiation F3The generation 16 lines are named as No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, No. 10, No. 11, No. 12, No. 13 and No. 14 respectively, and are subjected to heat grinding by stylosanthes guianensis No. 2 and No. 13.
(2) Land selection and preparation: the test position is at the garden management position of the Yangjiang city, Guangdong province, the coastal low hilly land with the gradient less than or equal to 10 percent and the Yangshan river facing the sea. The blueberry garden irrigation water-saving agent belongs to a southern subtropical marine climate, the annual average temperature is 22.5 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 2300 mm, frost is basically absent all the year round, the soil is brick red soil, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 3%, the water source is sufficient, the water drainage is good, and the blueberry garden irrigation requirement can be met in dry seasons; weeding is carried out after land selection, land leveling is carried out, according to the conditions that the height is 0.40m, the width of the upper layer is 0.80m, the width of the lower layer is 1.0m, ridging is carried out, substrates of 30% of wormcast, 30% of peat soil, 20% of peanut shell and 20% of cow dung are applied, soil deep ploughing is carried out on planting, soil acidity is adjusted, sulfur powder is added into land blocks with the soil pH value being more than 5.2 to adjust the soil acidity, lime is added into land blocks with the soil pH value being less than 4.0 to adjust the soil acidity, and the soil pH value is maintained between 4.0 and 5.2.
(3) Transplanting and field planting: planting the fine blueberry seeds screened in the step (1) on the planting rows in the step (2) in 1 month, digging planting holes with the caliber of 50cm and the depth of 40cm before planting, applying base fertilizer to each hole, transplanting and planting according to the plant-row spacing of 1.5m multiplied by 2.0m, timely watering root fixing water after planting, and completely topping and pruning after planting; planting stylosanthes guianensis in 5 months, planting at the distance of 0.4m from the blueberries and the plant spacing of 0.5m, and watering root fixing water in time after planting;
(4) field management: carrying out field management of weeding, irrigating, branch pruning, fertilization, pest control, cutting and seedling supplementing on the blueberries and stylosanthes guianensis transplanted and planted in the step (3);
weeding: seedlings grow slowly and are easily damaged by weeds in the initial stage of the cultivation of the stylosanthes guianensis, and artificial intertillage weeding is carried out in the initial stage;
irrigation: the irrigation period and times are determined according to soil moisture content and rainfall condition, and watering is carried out before 10 am and 4 pm in the afternoon in summer or at overhigh temperature;
pruning branches: pruning dead branches, broken branches, insect-disease branches and weak branches;
fertilizing: applying a compound biological organic fertilizer to the blueberries every month, mainly applying peanut bran fertilizers (including peanut bran, fish protein, bean pulp, plant fiber and wormcast) for 0.1 kg of biological bacteria solid fertilizers to each plant in a broadcasting way for 7 months, applying peanut bran powder fertilizers for 0.15 kg of peanut bran powder to each plant in 8 months, adding 0.15 kg of compound fertilizers to the peanut bran powder fertilizers, and applying monopotassium phosphate for 1:1000 times of aqueous solution to the leaf surface dressing in 5-12 months;
and (3) pest control: spraying the biological pesticide once per month from 5 months to 12 months; and (3) control of leaf spot disease: spraying 700 times of solution of 500-; and (3) control of powdery mildew: using 70% thiophanate methyl 1000 times liquid, or 50% carbendazim 800 times liquid, or 30% tefurazolin 5000 times liquid; and (3) prevention and control of gray mold: using 25% carbendazim 300 times liquid, 50% captan 800 times liquid and 50% hydantoin 500 times liquid; control against root rot: dripping roots, namely dripping the roots with 600 times of liquid of 40% asparagus cyan powder; spraying Bordeaux mixture before blooming to make flower bud differentiate ideally;
and (4) mowing: mowing stylosanthes guianensis for 20-15cm in 7-8 months, using the mowed stylosanthes guianensis as green feed or covering the bare ground, and harvesting the stylosanthes guianensis in 12 months-next 1 month;
seedling supplementing and seedling support: if the seedlings are dead and deficient after the survival of the transplanted seedlings, timely filling the seedlings, and filling 1 seedling in each hole of the stylosanthes guianensis and the blueberries;
(5) harvesting: the seeds of stylosanthes guianensis are picked after the seeds are ripe in 1 month, and the blueberries are picked after the seeds are ripe.
Example 2
(1) Seed selection: the improved blueberry variety is selected from Nangao clump V3 which has 5 branches, the seedling height is 40cm, the root hair is complete, no mechanical damage exists, and four-year blueberry seedlings are planted; selecting improved variety of stylosanthes guianensis, selecting strong stylosanthes guianensis seedling without diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage, and selecting variety of stylosanthes guianensis by irradiation F316 lines of generations are named as No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 respectively, No. 2 of Stylosanthes guianensis and No. 13 of Stylosanthes guianensis;
(2) land selection and preparation: the test position is in a planting base of Jinbai agriculture development limited company in Del town of Deqing county of Daizun Commission, Chongqing, Guangdong province, the land is fertile, the sand content is large, the climate is mild, the rainfall is abundant, the soil is mountain yellow soil and red soil, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 3 percent, the water source is sufficient, the drainage is good, and the flat land can meet the irrigation requirement of the blueberry garden in dry seasons; weeding after land selection, leveling the land, then carrying out soil deep ploughing on the planting according to the conditions that the height is 0.40m, the upper layer width is 0.80m, and the lower layer width is 1.0m, applying matrixes of 30% of wormcast, 30% of peat soil, 20% of peanut shell and 20% of cow dung, adjusting the acidity of the soil, adding sulfur powder into the land with the pH value of more than 5.2 to adjust the acidity of the soil, and adding lime into the land with the pH value of less than 4.0 to adjust the acidity of the soil so as to maintain the pH value of the soil between 4.0 and 5.2;
(3) transplanting and field planting: planting the fine blueberry seeds screened in the step (1) on the planting rows in the step (2) in 1 month, digging planting holes with the caliber of 50cm and the depth of 40cm before planting, applying base fertilizer to each hole, transplanting and planting according to the plant-row spacing of 2.0m multiplied by 3.0m, timely watering root fixing water after planting, and completely topping and pruning after planting; planting stylosanthes guianensis in 5 months, planting at the distance of 0.4m from the blueberries and the plant spacing of 0.5m, and watering root fixing water in time after planting;
(4) field management: the same as example 1;
(5) harvesting: the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is a blueberry planting method, and the planting method is the same as example 1 except that no intercropping stylosanthes is adopted.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is a blueberry planting method, and the planting method is the same as the example 2 except that no intercropping stylosana guianensis is adopted.
Effect example 1
For the planting method of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis in the example 1 and the planting method of the comparative blueberry, field measurement is carried out in 4-5 months in 2018, the plant height, branches and fruit clusters of the blueberry are measured and shown in table 1, the humidity and the temperature of the planted soil are measured and shown in table 2, field measurement is carried out again in 8 months in 2018, and the humidity and the temperature of the planted soil are measured and shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 blueberry Branch, fruit Cluster and mean plant height thereof
As can be seen from table 1, in comparison with example 1, in all lines of the comparison example 1, only the fruit cluster number of the stylosanthes guianensis 3 is present, the comparison example 1 is lower than the comparison example 1, the new branches, fruit cluster number and blueberry plant height of other lines are higher than those of the comparison example 1, especially, the improvement of blueberry branches of the comparison example 1 is more remarkable than that of the comparison example 1, the branches are more than 60% than that of blueberries without intercropping stylosanthes guianensis, and the fruit clusters are more than 69%, so that the improvement of blueberry branches and the improvement of fruit clusters of intercropping stylosanthes guianensis have remarkable promoting effects; compared with the blueberry plant height of the comparative example 1, the blueberry plant height of the example 1 is not increased significantly, and is 13% higher, which indicates that the influence of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis on the plant height of the blueberries is not great.
TABLE 2 soil humidity and temperature averages
As can be seen from Table 2, the blueberry planted in the comparative example 1 has no intercropping stylosanthes, lacks stylosanthes coverage, and the water on the ground surface evaporates faster than the blueberry intercropping stylosanthes in the example 1; the data in table 2 show that the soil water content of the comparative example 1 is lower than that of the example 1, the soil temperature of the comparative example 1 is equivalent to that of the example 1 when the soil temperature is 4-5 months and the soil temperature of the comparative example 1 is higher than that of the example 1 when the soil temperature is 8 months, the soil humidity is increased by 13% -50%, and the soil temperature is reduced by 2% -15%, so that the stylosanthes guianensis and the blueberries are intercropped, the evaporation amount of surface water is reduced to the minimum, the water content required by the growing and developing stage of the blueberries is ensured, the stylosanthes guianensis can play a certain role in reducing the surface temperature, the coverage of the stylosanthes guianensis resists the direct irradiation of sunlight, and the surface temperature can.
Effect example 2
For the planting method of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis as described in example 2, the humidity and the temperature of the soil planted in the field are measured in 12 months in 2018, the results are shown in table 3, and the salinity and the conductivity of the soil planted in the field are measured, the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 3 mean values of soil humidity and temperature
As can be seen from Table 3, in comparative example 2, the water content of the ground surface was faster than that in example 2 because the soil was not covered with the stylosanthes, and the water content of the soil was relatively low, in comparison example 2, the water content was 2.02% lower than that of example 2 on average. The soil temperature of the example 2 covered by the stylosanthes guianensis is generally lower than that of the comparative example 2, and the cooling effect of the stylosanthes guianensis of different lines in winter (12 months) is not obviously different, so that the ground surface temperature is reduced by 0.69-1.44 ℃.
TABLE 4 mean values of soil salinity and conductivity
As can be seen from Table 4, the salinity and conductivity of the soil covered with Stylosanthes guianensis in example 2 are generally lower than those in comparative example 2, which shows that the soil structure of the intercropping Stylosanthes guianensis is better in a certain degree, the soil structure is hydrophobic, the salt content of the soil is reduced by rain wash in rainy days, and the washing effect is better than that of the soil covered with Stylosanthes guianensis, so the salinity and conductivity of the soil are lower.
In conclusion, the planting method of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis provided by the invention has obvious promotion effects on the improvement of blueberry branches and the improvement of fruit clusters, and compared with the blueberry without the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis, the branches are increased by 60%, the fruit clusters are increased by 69% and the plant height is increased by 13%; the stylosanthes guianensis and the blueberries are intercropped, the evaporation capacity of surface water is reduced to the minimum, the water content required by the growth and development stages of the blueberries is guaranteed, the stylosanthes guianensis can play a certain role in reducing the surface temperature, the coverage of the stylosanthes guianensis resists the direct irradiation of sunlight, the surface temperature can be reduced by 1-3 ℃, the soil humidity is increased by 13-50%, and the soil temperature is reduced by 2-15%; the soil of the intercropping stylosanthes guianensis can improve the soil structure to a certain extent, so that the soil structure is hydrophobic, the salt content of the soil is reduced by rain wash in rainy days, and the washing effect is better than that of the soil covered by the stylosanthes guianensis, so that the salinity and the conductivity of the soil are lower.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of intercropping stylosanthes guianensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed selection: screening out improved varieties of blueberries and stylosanthes guianensis;
(2) land selection and preparation: selecting flat land with organic matter content more than or equal to 3%, soil pH of 4.0-5.2, sufficient water source and good drainage or hilly land with gradient less than or equal to 10%; weeding, ridging according to the terrain, deeply ploughing the soil on the planting rows, and applying a matrix;
(3) transplanting and field planting: in spring, planting the fine blueberry seeds screened in the step (1) on the planting rows in the step (2), digging planting holes before planting, applying a base fertilizer to each hole, and watering in time after planting; planting Stylosanthes guianensis in 5 months, planting on two sides of blueberry, and watering in time after planting;
(4) field management: and (4) carrying out field management of weeding, irrigating, branch pruning, fertilization, pest control, cutting and seedling supplementing on the blueberries and stylosanthes guianensis transplanted and planted in the step (3).
2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the blueberry improved variety is selected to have 3-5 branches, the height of the blueberry seedling is more than 30cm, the root hair is complete, no mechanical damage exists, and the blueberry seedling with three or more years is planted; the improved variety of the stylosanthes guianensis is selected from stylosanthes guianensis seedlings which are free from diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage and grow robustly.
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the ridge height after ridging is 0.40m, the upper layer width is 0.80m, and the lower layer width is 1.0 m; the substrate comprises 30% of wormcast, 30% of peat soil, 20% of peanut shell and 20% of cow dung in percentage by weight.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the planting hole has a caliber of 50cm and a depth of 40 cm; after the blueberry planting is finished, topping and pruning are carried out; the row spacing of the blueberries after field planting is 1.5-2.0m multiplied by 2.0-3.0 m; the plant spacing of the stylosanthes guianensis after field planting is 0.5m, and the distance of the stylosanthes guianensis after field planting is 0.4m from blueberries.
5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), after the blueberry is planted, compound bio-organic fertilizer is applied monthly, bio-fungus solid fertilizer is applied in 7 months, peanut bran powder fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied in 8 months, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied in 5-12 months after foliar topdressing.
6. The planting method of claim 5, wherein the compound bio-organic fertilizer is a peanut bran fertilizer or a compound bio-organic fertilizer with a volume ratio of earthworm liquid fertilizer to water of 1: 200; 0.1 kg of biological bacteria solid fertilizer is broadcast to each plant; 0.15 kg of peanut bran powder fertilizer is broadcast to each plant, and 0.15 kg of compound fertilizer is broadcast to each plant; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is a solution formed by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water in a volume ratio of 1: 1000.
7. The growing method of claim 6, wherein the peanut composts comprise peanut bran, fish protein, soybean meal, plant fiber, and wormcast.
8. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the biopesticide is sprayed once a month from 5 months to 12 months.
9. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mowing is carried out on the stylosanthes guianensis within 7-8 months, and the height of the stylosanthes guianensis after the mowing is 20-15 cm.
10. The growing method of claim 1, further comprising the step of harvesting matured stylosanthes seed and blueberries; the time for harvesting the matured stylosanthes guianensis seeds is 12 months to 1 month in the next year.
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